Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry is a field of scientific that relates to structures, compositions, properties and interaction
between matters

Contribution
1) financial
2) job opportunities
3) advancement in industrial sector

Career
1) Cosmetics
2) Nanotechnology
3) Pharmaceutical

1.2 Scientific Investigation

Meaning: performed according rules or scientific principles (orderly and systematic)

Aim :
1) Making observation,inference,identifying problems Problem statement :
2) Making a hypothesis Hypothesis :
3) Identifying the variables Variables : a) manipulated
4) Controlling variables b) responding
5) Planning an experiment c) fixed
6) Collecting data Materials :
7) Interpret data Apparatus :
8) Make a conclusion Procedure :
9) Preparing a report Results :
Discussion :
Conclusion : a) yes/no, hypothesis is
accepted/rejected
b) conclusion is made

1.3 Usage,management and handling apparatus

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Safety equipments in laboratory

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Storage of chemicals

Disposal of chemicals
Hydrogen peroxide solution wastes
-low concentration = poured into sink
-high concentration = diluted with water,added sodium sulphite(decomposition),poured into sink
Solid wastes
-exp : rubber/glass
-disposed in special container
Organic solvent and hydrocarbons
-kept in a special containers made of glass \plastic
-to avoid contamination to water source and the environment
Substances 9<pH<5
-strong acid/strong alkali
-kept in close labelled containers
-can damage sink when react with water
-will release much heat and toxic gases
Heavy metals and toxic substances
-kept in fume chamber
-tied in plastic bag and put into container of heavy metal waste
-dispose according to standard procedures
Volatile substances
-ammonia,bromine,alcohol
-kept in closed containers
-kept away from heat/sunlight

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Emergency management procedure

1) Inform teacher
2) Make restricted area
3) Cover spillage with fine sand (stop spreading)
4) Sprinkle sulphur powder to cover spillage of mercury
5) Clean the spill and dispose it by following the correct procedures

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