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Review MODULE – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (Statically Indeterminate & Torsional Members)

TORSIONAL MEMBERS 2. A composite shaft is made by enclosing a solid aluminum rod, 60 mm

TORSION – produced when there is twisting in the member due to ø, in a brass tube 10 mm thick. Find the maximum torque that can be
torques in opposite rotation applied at the ends. applied to this shaft if the stress in brass is limited to 50 MPa and that in
Torsional Shear Stress: Angle of Twist: Power Transmission: aluminum to 35 MPa. G = 40 GPa for brass and 28 GPa for aluminum.
L
Tρ T
τ= θ= ∫ dx P = Tω
J 0 JG
Tr TL SPRINGS
τmax = θ= P = 2πTf Maximum Shearing Stress:
J JG 16PR d
Where: τMAX = 3
(1 + )
T = Torque θ = Angle of Twist πd 4R
Wahl Correction (For heavy springs):
L = Length of the Member ω = Angular Velocity in rad/s 16PR 4m − 1 0.615
J = Polar Moment of Inertia f = frequency in cycles/s τMAX = ( + )
G = Modulus of Rigidity/Shear Modulus πd3 4m − 4 m
Elongation of the Spring:
64PR3 n
1. Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300 kW at δ =
250 rpm. The maximum shear stress should not exceed 30 N/mm 2 and Gd4
twist should not be more than 1° in a shaft length of 2 m. Take modulus
of rigidity = 100 GPa.
Springs in Series:
1 1 1
2. A compound shaft is made of two materials – on the left is 1 m length = +
of steel, 90 mm ø, and on the right is 0.8 m length of aluminum, 60 mm K K1 K 2
ø. The shaft is fixed at the left end and a torque of 1 kN·m is applied at Springs in Parallel:
the right end, as shown in the figure. The modulus of rigidity is 85 GPa K = K1 + K2
for steel and 30 GPa for aluminum.
a. Determine the additional torque that can be applied at B without
exceeding the permissible stress in steel of 90 MPa.
b. Determine the angle of twist at C with respect to A.
c. Determine the torque to be applied at B so that the angle of twist at C
with respect to A is zero.

FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS
1. A shaft is to be fitted with a flanged coupling having 6 bolts on a circle
of diameter 150 mm and 4 bolts on a circle of diameter 100 mm. The shaft
may be subjected to either a direct tensile load of 400 kN or a twisting
moment of 18 kN·m. If the maximum direct and shearing stresses
permissible in the bolt material are 125 MPa and 55 MPa respectively.
Find the minimum diameter of the bolt required. Assume that each bolt
takes an equal share of the load or torque.
Where:
P = applied axial load
R = mean radius of the spring
d = diameter of the wire forming the spring
n = number of turns of the spring
k = axial stiffness of the spring
1. Two close-coiled concentric helical springs of the same length are
wound out of the same wire, circular in cross-section and supports a
compressive load ‘P’. The inner spring consists of 20 turns of mean
diameter 16 cm and the outer spring has 18 turns of mean diameter 20
cm. Calculate the maximum stress produced in each spring if the
diameter of wire = 1 cm and P = 1000 N.

2. A composite spring consists of two close – coiled helical springs

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORSIONAL MEMBERS
1. A stepped shaft fixed at two ends as shown is subjected to a torque of
300 N·m at the section C. The larger section is of aluminum and the
smaller on is of steel. GS = 82 GPa and GA = 27 GPa.
a. Determine the maximum stress in the steel section.
b. Determine the maximum stress in the aluminum section.
connected in series. Each spring has 14 coils at a mean diameter of 20
mm. The stiffness of the composite spring is 800 N/m. Take G = 78 GPa.
a. If the wire diameter of one spring is 2.5 mm, find the wire diameter of
the other.
b. What will be the maximum load which can be carried by the composite
spring and the corresponding deflection for a maximum shear stress of
150 MPa.
c. What will be deflection of the spring when subjected to the maximum
load?

200 mm
Aluminum
A teel
0 00 m 20
mm mm

00 mm 00 mm