CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE

Ca
CHEMISTRY Helium :
He
DAY- 1 (c) For same elements the symbol is
taken based on sound
SYMBOLS, FORMULAE AND
EQUATIONS Example: Magnesium :
Mg
SYNOPSIS
Manganese :
Introduction: Mn
Pure substances can be (d) For same elements the symbols are
elements (or) compounds elements taken from their latin names
are made of small particles called Example: Sodium
atoms and compounds are made of Natrium Na
small particles called atoms and Potassium Kalium
compounds are made of small K
particles called molecules: Matter
reacts chemically to form substances. Simple structure of atom:
The study of matter. involves not only Atom:
the study of the chemical composition 1) All matter is made up of atoms
but also how matter reacts with other 2) The smallest particle that occupies
matter. This is also called as chemical space and may (or) magnet have an
reaction. independent existence and takes part
The abbreviation ‘ e.g’ is used for in a chemical reaction is called atom.
the word for ‘example’. The 3) An atom essentially consists of two
abbreviation ‘PTO’ is used for ‘ please parts i.e, (i) nucleus (ii) electrons
turn over’ simillarly elements and which revolve around the nucleus in
compounds can be written in short the fixed paths much the same way
form using symbols and formula and sa the planuls revolve around the
chemical reaction an written in the same
form of equations. Study of Nucleus:
Symbol of Elements: it is a very small region situated in
A symbol is a short form the centre of atom.
respresentation of an element. The size of the nucleus is extremely
symbols for different elements are small as compound to the total
related in several ways. volume of an atom.
(a) For same elements the first letter The sub atomic particles, protan and
of the name of the element is taken neutrons colletively present with in
Example: Hydrogen: H the nucleus are called nuclean
Oxygen : Sub atomic particles present in the
O atom:
(b) For same elements the first two Electron e - Ve charge Revolving around the nucleus Ammonium
Proton p +Ve charge Held within the nucleus
letters of the name of the elements Neutron n ‘O’ charge Held within the nucleus

are taken The paths of electrons around the

Example: Calcium : nucleus are called orbits (or) shells.
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 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
The orbit which is closest to the electrons.
nucleus is called first orbit/shell. The
next orbit is called second orbit. Third
orbit and so on a) Assertion is correct and Reason is
the correct explanation of Assertion.
b) Reason is correct but Assertion is
incorrect.
1. The particles that takes part in a c) Assertion is correct and Reason is
chemical reaction is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
A) Atom B) Molecule C)
d) Reason and Assertion are both
Atom & Molecule D) None
incorrect.
2. Choose the correct option. 6. Which of the following cannot exist
I independents
A) O B) H 2 O
II
III C) CO D) HCl
7. Symbol of Antimony is
a) I  nucleus, II  shell, III  electron A) Sn B) Sb
b) I  electron, II  nucleus, III  shell C) Au D) None
c) I  shell, II  electron, III  nucleus 8. Which of the following statement
is/are incorrect
d) I, II, III  shells
A) Neutron has a neutral charge
3. Which of the following statements B) Atom is indivisible
is/are true? C) All the atoms of an element have
a) The outermost orbit can always same chemical properties
have more than 8 electrons. D) Proton has negetive charge.
b) The outermost orbit do not have 9. Elements are represented by
electrons. A) symbol B) Ion
c) The maximum number of electrons C) Cation D) Anion
in the outermost orbit is always 8. 10. Match the following:
d) The maximum number of electrons Column - I
in the outermost orbit is always 18. Column - II
4. The particles present in an atom A) Potassium p)
are Hg
A) Electros only B) B) Phosphorous q)
Protans only s
C) Newtrons only D) C) Mercury r)
Electrons, protan, newtrons k
D) Sulphur s)
5. Assertion: An atom is p
electrically neutral.
Reason: The charge of the
protons is balanced
by that of the

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 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Day - 2 Electro positive ions
Monovalent
Electro negative ion/radical
Monovalent
SYMBOLS, FORMULAE AND Hyderogen H 1 Chloride Cl 1
Sodium Na1 Bromide Br1
EQUATIONS Potassium K 1 Nitrate NO31
Acetane CH 3 COO1
Divalent Divalent
Magnissium Mg 2  Sulphate SO4 2 
Calcium Ca 2 Peroxide O2 2 
Ion: Zinc Zn 2  Coubarate CO3 2
Trivalent Trivalent
1. When an atom loses (or) gains Ferric Fe 3 Phorphate PO4 3
electrons an Ion is formed Aluminium Al 3  Nitride N 3
Boran B3 Phosphide P3
2. In general metal lose electrons while
non-metals gain electrons
Formula:
3. Positive ion called cations are formed
when atom lose electrons. eg: A formula is a short form
representation of compound by using
Na  1e   Na  symbols and numbers
4. Negative ions called anions are formed Ex: Sodium chloride -NaCl,
when atoms gain electrons. eg: Carbondioxide - CO2
 
Cl  1e  Cl Writing a formulae by using valency of
What is valency: elements:
1. The combining capacity of an element Criss - cros method:
is indicated by its valency Step 1 : Write the symbol of protine
2. The number of electrons denoted (or) ion (or) the redial to the left and for
accepted by on atom of an element so the negative ion (or) radical to the right
as to have 8 electrons in its outer most Step 2: Put the valency number of
orbit is called valency each radical a thian an its topright.
3. An element which shows more than Devid the valency numbers by highest
are valency is called variable valency common facta, if any to get simple
ratio ignore the (+) and (-) symbols.
ex: Irom Fe2  ferrous Fe3  Interchange the valency number of
Some important points to note about radical or ion.
valency: Step 3: Shift the valency numbers to
1. Every element has a valency lower right ion (radical if the radical
2. Valency of an element is always a receives a number) more than ‘1’
whole number endors it with in breacels. Do not
3. All metals have positive valency enclose ion with Brackets
4. All non-metals have negative valency Compound Symbols with Shifting valency (I and II Formula
valencies (I and step)
5. Inert gas elements have zero valency II steps)
1
Calcium Ca , Cl 2+ 1-2 CaCl 2

6. Valancy rarely is more then 4 chloride

K Cr O
1
2 7

Magnesium Mg2+, SO42- or 1 MgSO4

chloride Mg1, SO41
Mg SO4
(dividing by
H.C.F. = 2)
Aluminium Al3+, SO42- 3 2 Al2(SO4)3
sulphate
Al PO 4
Ammonium NH41+,PO43- 1 3 (NH4)3PO4
phosphate
NH4 PO 4
Potassium K1+, Cr2O72- 1 2 K2Cr2O7
dichromate
K Cr2 O7

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Worksheet-2
6. Valance of an element is the
A) Combining capacity of the element
1. Valancy of inert gases is
A) 1 B) 0
B) Atomic number of the element
C) 2 D) 3
C) Number of atoms exited together in
2. Match the following:
a moleculer
D) None
Column ‘A’
Column ‘B’ 7. Which of the following statements
is/are true?
(A) Magnesium sulphate
a) Metals have four to seven electrons
(i) MgS in their outermost shell.
(B) Magnesium sulphite b) Non-metals have one to three
(ii) MgO electrons in their outermost shell.
c) Metals and non-metals tend to have
(C) Magnesium sulphide
8 electrons in their innermost
(iii) MgSO3 shell.
d) Metals are malleable
(D) Magnesium oxide
8. Match the following:
(iv) MgSO4 Column ‘A’ Column
‘B’
(Ion or radical)
3. Valency of Iron is/are
(Formula)
A) -2 B) +2 (i) Phosphate p. N3–
C) +3 D) Both B & C (ii) Phosphite q. P3–
4. Match the following: (iii) Phosphide r.
PO3-3
Column ‘A’
(iv) Nitride s.
Column ‘B’ 3-
PO 4
(A) Sodium bicarbonate
(i) NaNO3 a) (i)  p, (ii)  r, (iii)  q, (iv)  s b )
(i)  s, (ii)  p, (iii)  r, (iv)  p
(B) Sodium Nitrate
c) (i)  r, (ii)  s, (iii)  p, (iv)  q d )
(ii) Na2CO3 (i)  s, (ii)  r, (iii)  q, (iv)  p
(C) Sodium carbonate
9. Chromium and Aluminium form
(iii) CH 3 COONa
a) Monovalent electronegative ions.
(D) Sodium acetate
b) Trivalent electronegative ions.
(iv) NaHCO3 c) Bivalent electropositive ions.
d) Trivalent electropositive ions.
5. Valency is always a
A) Whole number
10. Statement A : Silver is a metal with
B) Functional number variable valency.
C) Decimal number Statement B : The lower valency of
D) None
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Argentum is Argentic and as Ag (II). Molecularity d) Electronegativity
Statement C : The higher valency of
Argentum is Argentous and as Ag (I). DAY - 3
a) Statement(s) ‘A’ , ‘B’, ’C’ are false. SYMBOLS FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS
b) Statement ‘A’ is false but statements
‘B’ and ‘C’ are true.
c) Statement(s) ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ are all true. Chemical equations
d) Statement ‘A’ is true but ‘B’ and ‘C’ A chemical equation is a short form
are both false. representation of a chemical change
11. Choose the correct order of the (or) reaction by using symbols and
formula for the given radicals. formulae
(i) Bisulphide (ii) Bisulphite( i i i ) Examples:- Megnisum reacts with
Sulphate oxygen and form magnesium oxiode
a) (i)  SO 24 - , (ii)  HSO–, (iii) HS– b ) Mg  O2  HgO
(i)  SO 24 - , (ii)  HS–, (iii) 4SO– Terms related to chemical equation.
1. (a) Reactants : The substances which
c) (i)  HSO–, (ii)  SO 24 - , (iii) HS– d ) take part in a chemical reaction are
(i)  HS–, (ii)  HSO3 , (iii) SO 24 - called reactants. The reactants are
always written on the left hand side
12. Match the following: of a chemical equation.
Column I Column II (b) Products : The substances formed,
p. CH3COO– (i) as a result of chemical change, are
Peroxide called products. The products are
q. HCO– (ii) Zincate always written on the right hand side
r. SiO23  (iii) Silicate of a chemical equation.
s. O22  (iv) Acetate 2. A chemical equation consists ofs
formulae of reactants connected by a
t. Zn O 2-2 (v) ( + ) plus sign and an arrow (  ),
Bicarbonate followed by the formulae of products,
connected by ( + ) plus sign,
a) p  (iv), q  (v), r  (iii), s  (i), t  (ii) 3. The sign of arrow (  ) is. read to yield
b) p  (i), q  (iv), r  (ii), s  (iii), t  (v) or to form.
What is a balanced chemical equations
c) p  (v), q  (iv), r  (i), s  (iii), t  (ii)
d) p  (iii), q  (v), r  (iv), s  (i), t  (ii) The chemical reaction of hydrogen
13. 2 atoms of Hydrogen combine with burning in air represented as
1atom of Oxygen to form a molecule H 2  O2  H 2 O
of water The valency of Oxygen is.

a) 3 b) 1 c ) H-atoms O-atoms
2 d) 4 In reatret 2 2
14. The number of electrons donated or In Produls 2 1
accepted by an atom of an element
so as to have 8 electrons in its outer
an both sides the number of hydrogen
most orbit is called
atoms are equal but the question is
a) Atomicity b) Valency c )
when in the other oxygen atom in
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products. (un balanced) 6.2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4  Fe2(SO4)3 +
To over come their problem, the 6H2O
equation has to be modified to make Balancing oxygen atoms :
the number of H-atoms and oxygen Oxygen atoms towards the side of
atoms equal seperatly an both sides. reactants are 18 [6 in 2 Fe(OH)3 and
Then is called balancing the chemical 12 in 3H2SO4]. Oxygen atoms towards
equation. the products side are 18 [12 in
How to balance a chemical equation? Fe2(SO4)3 and 6 in 6H2O]. Thus, oxygen
Example : atoms are equal on the sides of
Ferric hydroxide reacts with dilute reactants and products.
sulphuric acid to form ferric sulphate Thus, on the whole, the balanced
and water. This reaction can be written equation can be written as :
in the form of word equation as : 2Fe(OH) 3 + 3H 2SO 4  Fe 2(SO 4 )3 +
Ferric hydroxide + Sulphuric acid (dil.) 6H2O
 Ferric sulphate + Water Worksheet-3
Writing the formulae of all the
substances in above equation : 1) The substances which an newly
formed are known as
Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4(dil.)  Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O
Counting the number of various atoms A) Reactants B) Products
in reactants and products. C) Catalyst D) None
Iron Sulphur Hydrogen Oxygen atoms 2) Symbolic representation of a
atoms atoms atoms chemical reation is known as
Inreactants 1 1 5 7
Inproducts 2 3 2 13 A) Symbol B) Formula
C) Ion D) Chemiccal equation
Balancing iron atoms :
As the number of atoms of iron on the 3) '  ' indicates
products side is 2, therefore, in order A) to yield B) to form
to make equal number of iron, we will C) Both A & B D) None
multiply Fe(OH)3 with numeral 2. 4) Which of the following statement(s)
is/are false for the chemical
2Fe(OH)3 + H2SO4(dil.)  Fe2(SO4)3 + equation?
H2 O
a) The chemical equation gives the
Balancing sulphur atoms : complete information about the
Sulphur atoms are 3 towards the physical states of the reactants.
products side and 1 towards the b) The chemical equation gives no
reactants Side. Thus, in order to information about the
equalise sulphur atoms, we will concentration of the reactants.
multiply H2SO4 with numeral 3. c) The chemical equation describes a
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4  Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O chemical change in terms of
Balancing hydrogen atoms : symbols and formulae.
Hydrogen atoms towards reactants d) The chemical equation gives
side are 12 [6 in 2Fe(OH)3 and 6 in information about the time taken
3H2SO4]. However, hydrogen atoms for the reaction to complete.
towards the products side are 2 in H2O. 5) Match the following:
Thus, in order to equalise hydrogen
atoms, the H2O on the products side
Column ‘A’
should be multiplied by numeral
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Column ‘B’ 8. Skeleton Equation
(1) Chemical symbol (i) CH4 + O2 
represents a chemical reaction with CO2 + H2 O
the Balanced Equation
help of symbols & formulae.
(2) Molecular formula (ii) a n ...................................................................................................
atom or group of atoms of same or 9. Skeleton Equation
NH3 + Na 
different elements that behaves in the
NaNH2 + H2
Balanced Equation
manner of positive or negative ion.
(3) Valency (iii) ...................................................................................................
employs symbols to denote the 10. Skeleton Equation
Cr(OH)3 + Na2O2 
molecules of an element or of a Na2CrO4 + H2O + NaOH
Balanced Equation
compound.
(4) Radical (iv) ...................................................................................................
The short form that stands for the 11. Skeleton Equation
atom Mn(OH)2 + Na2O2 
of an element. Na2MnO4 + NaOH
(5) Chemical equation (v) Balanced Equation
The combining capacity of an atom or
o f ...................................................................................................
12. Skeleton Equation
a radical.
Al2(SO4)3 + NaOH 
a) 1  (i), 2  (ii), 3  (iv), 4  (iii), 5  (v) Al(OH)3 + Na2SO4
b) 1  (iv), 2  (ii), 3  (v), 4  (iii), 5  (i) Balanced Equation
c) 1  (iv), 2  (iii), 3  (v), 4  (ii), 5  (i)
...................................................................................................
d) 1  (i), 2  (ii), 3  (iii), 4  (iv), 5  (v) DAY - 4
TYPES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES
6. Skeleton Equation
C2 H4 + O2 
CO2 + H2 O Types of chemical reactions:
Balanced Equation In a chemical reaction, the substances
known as reactants are converted into
................................................................................................... new substances called Products
7. Skeleton Equation The conversion of reactants into
C2 H2 + O2  products ina chemical reaction is often
accompained by some features which
CO2 + H2 O
can be observed easily.
Balanced Equation
The important characterised of
chemical reactions are:
...................................................................................................
(i) Evolution of gas
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E x : Fe  S  FeS
2. Decompostion reaction: The
Zn  dil HCl  ZnCl  H2  g 
s 2 aq  reactions in which a compound splits
(ii) Formation of precipitate up into two or more substances are
known as decomposition reactions
A Precipitate is a insoluble solid
Example:
present in the solution.
Heat
dil H2 SO4  BaCl  BaSO4  HCl CaCO3 s  CaO s  CO2 g
2 aq  aq       
(iii) Change in colour
Electricity
The chemical reaction between SO2 2 Al2 O3 s  4 Al  s   SO2  s 
   Decomposition 
and acidified K 2 Cr2 O7 solution Light
2 AgCl  2 Ag  Cl2  s 
characterised by a change in colour  Decomposition 
from orange to green 3. Displacement reaction: The
(iv) Change in temperature reactions in which one element takes
the place of another element in a
CaO  H 2 O   2
Ca OH  Heat energy
compound are know as displacement
Exo heat is libirated
reactions.
Ba OH2 NH4Cl heat energy  BaCl2 NH3 H2O Eg:
Endoheat is observed

(v) Change in state CuSO4 aq  Zn  s   ZnSO4  aq   Cu  s 

 
1) Combustion of candle wax  Bluesolution  Colourless solution

2) H 2  g   O2  g   H 2 O  l  at room
temperature
 Colourless Solution
 
AgNO3  aq  Cu  s  Cu NO3  aq 2Ag  s
2
 Blue solution
Types of chemical reactions:
1. Combination reaction: Double decompostion (or)
The chemical reactions in which two or displacement reaction:
more substances to form a single The reaction in which two compounds
substance are called combination react by an exchange of ions to form
reactions. two new compounds are called double
displacement reaction.
element  element  compound
Eg:
compound  element  compound
AgNO3  aq  NaCl   AgCl  s  NaNO3  aq
aq
compound  compound  compound
 Example:-
combustion BaCl2  aq  Na2SO4  aq BaSO4  s  2NaCl  aq
Mg  s   O 2  g   2MgO  s 

HCl  NH3  NH4Cl  s 

 g  s
1. A chemical reaction in which heat
is liberated is known as
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A) Endo thermic reaction s  (iv)
B) Exo thermic reation b) p  (iii), q  (iv), r 
C) Photo chemical reaction (ii), s  (i)
D) Electrolysis
2. In soluble solid present in the c) p  (iv), q  (iii), r 
solution is known as (ii), s  (i)
A) Catalyst B) Pranotos d) p  (iv), q  (ii), r 
C) Precipitate D) None (iii), s  (i)
3. When SO2 is passed through 8. Assertion: When water is added to
quick lime in a beaker.
acidifed KMnO4 , then colour change
The beaker becomes
A) Purple to Red hot.
B) Purple to green
Reason: The reaction between
C) Purple to yellow
D) Purple to colourless quick lime and water
is characterised by
4. Colour of K 2 Cr2 O7 solution is the absorption of
heat.
A) Yellow B) Green
C) Orange D ) a) Assertion is incorrect .
Purple
5. A teacher performed the following b) Assertion is correct but reason is
experiment in the class. He took incorrect.
some dilute sulphuric acid and c) Assertion and reason are both
added to barium chloride solution
taken in a test tube. The product incorrect.
formed is characterised by: d) Assertion and reason are both
correct.
a) Formation of red precipitate
b) Formation of white precipitate 9. Match the following:
c) Formation of black precipitate Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
d) Formation of no precipitate (p) 2CO + O2  2CO2 (i) a
6. What happens if hydrochloric acid combination between two elements.
is poured over sodium carbonate?
(q) Fe + S  FeS (ii) a
a) H2 gas is evolved
b) O2 gas is evolved combination reaction between two
c) CO gas is evolved
d) CO2 gas is evolved compounds
7. Match the following: (r) NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl (iii) a
combination reaction between a
Column-I Column-II compound
p. Dilute hydrochloric acid is (i) Characterisedbyachangein and an element.
addedtosodiumcarbonate. temperature.
q. Lemonjuiceisadded (ii) Characterisedbyformationof a a) (p)  (iii), (q)  (ii), (r)  (i) b )
graduallytopotassium precipitate. (p)  (i), (q)  (iii) (r)  (ii)
permanganatesolution.
r. Dilute sulphuric acid is added (iii) Characterisedbychangein c) (p)  (ii), (q)  (i), (r)  (iii) d )
tobariumchloridesolution. colour. (p)  (iii), (q)  (i), (r)  (ii)
s. Quick lime is treated with (iv) Characterisedbyevolutionof a
water. gas. 10. 4K + O2  (I)
4Na + O2  (II)
a) p  (i), q  (iii), r  (ii),
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I, II represents: (ii) X  Y + Z
(iii) PQ+ RS  PS + RQ
a) I  K2O, II  Na2O
b) I  4K2O, II  4Na2O (iv) A2O3 + 2B  B2O3 + 2A
c) I  2K2O, II  2Na2O d ) Choose the correct option:
I  KOH, II  NaOH
11. Statement A: If the decomposition
(i) (ii)
is carried out by
(iii) (iv)
heating, it is called
t h e r m a l a) Displacement Combination
decomposition. Double displacement
Decomposition
Statement B: The decomposition of
calcium carbonate decomposition
into calcium oxide
and carbondioxide is b) Decomposition Combination
an example of Displacement Double
t h e r m a l
displacement
decomposition.
decomposition
c) Double Displacement
a) Statement A is true but B is false. Decomposition
Decomposition
b) Statement A is false but B is true.
c) Statements A and B are both false. displacement
d) Displacement Decomposition
d) Statements A and B are both true. Double displacement Displacement

12. A + BC AC + B
DAY-5
The above reaction represents:
REDOX REACTIONS
a) Simple displacement b )
Decomposition
c) Direct combination d ) Redox reations:
Double decomposition The reations in which both oxidation
13. (A+ B– ) + (C+ D–)  (A+ D–) + (C+ B– ) and reduction are takes place
represents: simultaneously are called redox
a) Chemical displacement reaction.
b) Chemical double displacement Example 1.
c) Chemical decomposition reaction
d) Chemical combination
14. Choose the correct option:
(i) A + BC  AC + B

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Example 2.  If a catalyst speeds up a rate of
chemical reaction is known as positive
catalyst.
 If a catalyst slow down a rate of
chemical reaction is known as
Negative catalyst.
Example:
alcohol
H 2 O2 
 H 2  O2
Note: 1  negative catalyst 
Oxidation Q Electro chemical reaction/
Reduction electrolysis:
 Addition of oxygen to 
Addition of hydrogen to a The chemical reactions which takes
substance place in the presence of electricity are
substance known as electro chemical reactions.
 Removal of hydrogen  Electrolysis
Removal of oxygen NaCl 


 Na   Cl 
l  Sodium ion Chlorideion
from a substance Molten sodium chloride

from a substance Photo chemical reactions/

 Loss of electrons  photolysis:
Gain of electrons
The chemical reactions which takes
Note - 2 place in the presence of light are
Oxidising Agent known as photo chemical reaction.
Reducing agent
light
 The substance which gives 2 AgCl  s  
 2 Ag  s   Cl2  g 
 The substance which gives
oxygen
hydrogen
 The substance which gains 1. The chemical reactions, which
 The substance which removes
forces HCl in the presence of light
hydrogen
oxygen is called as
 The substance which gains A) Photo chemical reaction
 The substance which lose B) Photolysis
electrons
electrons C) Precipitation reaction
Catalytic reactions: D) None
Catalyst: 2. gaining of electrons is known as
A chemical substance which alters the A) Oxidation
rate of reaction without taking part in B) Reduction
a chemical reaction. C) Both A & B
Q The reactions which takes place D) None
in the presence of catalyst are known
as catalytic reaction. 3. In the decomposition of H 2 O2 ,
alcohol acts as
MnO
2
2 KClO3   2 KCl  3O2 A) Positive catalyst
Note: B) Promotor

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 64

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
C) Negative catalyst d) I  Reduction, II  oxidation
D) None 7. Study the reaction.H2S + Cl2  S
4. Match the following: + 2HCl:Choose the correct option:
Column ‘A’ Substance Substance
Column ‘B’ Oxidising Reducing
(i) Addition of oxygen to a substance oxidised reduced
(p) Oxidising agent. agent agent
(ii) substance loss of electrons a) Cl2 H2 S
(q) Reduction. H2S Cl2
(iii) Substance gains oxygen b) HCl S
(r) Oxidation. HCl S
(iv) Removes oxygen from a c) S HCl S
substance (s) Reducing agent. KCl
d) H2S Cl2 Cl2
a) (i)  p, (ii)  r, (iii)  s, (iv)  q b ) H2 S
(i)  r, (ii)  p, (iii)  s, (iv)  q 8. The role of positive catalyst in a
c) (i)  q, (ii)  s, (iii)  p, (iv)  r d ) chemical reaction is :
(i)  q, (ii)  r, (iii)  s, (iv)  p a) Speeds up the rate of reaction

5. When SO2 gas is passed through b) Slows down the rate of reaction
saturated solution of H 2 S, the
c) Neither slows down nor speeds up
following reaction takes place.
the rate of reaction
SO2 + 2H2S  2H2O + 3S
d) First speeds up then slows down
Choose the substance that is the rate of reaction
oxidised and that is reduced? 9. Statement A: A catalyst is a
Substance oxidised substance which
Substance reduced takes part in a
a) SO2 chemical reaction
H2 S and changes the rate
b) H2S of a reaction.
SO2 Statement B: A catalyst is a
c) 2H2O 3S substance which does
not take part in a
d) O2 chemical reaction but
H2 S changes the rate of a
reaction.
6. The addition of hydrogen to a
substance is called (I) . Whereas a) Statement ‘B’ is false but ‘A’ is true
removal of hydrogen is called (II) b) Statement ‘A’ is false but ‘B’ is true
. c) Statements ‘A’ and ‘B’ are both false
a) I  oxidation, II  reduction d) Statements ‘A’ and ‘B’ are both true
b) I, II  oxidation 10. Which of the following is a
c) I, II  Reduction biochemical catalyst?

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 65

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
a) Manganese dioxide
b) Nickel
c) Pepsin
d) Hydrogen peroxide
DAY-6
METALS AND NON METALS
There are 120 chemical elements
known at present. These are
similarities as well as differences in the
properties of these elements on the
basis of their properties, all the
elements can be divided into two main
groups: metals and Non metals
Metals:
 Metals are the elements that
conduct heat and electricity and are
malleable and ductile.
 Metals are the elements which
form positively changed ions by losing
electrons.
 except hydrogen 
M  e  M 
Physical properties :-
1) Metals are malleble, that is metals
can be beaten into then sheets with a
hammer (without breaking) (except Zn
& Hg)
Eg: Gold, silver etc.
2) Metals are ductile, that is metals
can be drawn ( or stretched) into thin
wires (except Zn & Hg)
Eg: Gold, Silver, Copper etc.
3) Metals are good conductors of heat
and electricity are to the presence of
free electrons
Ex: Copper, Aluminum etc
4) Metals are lustrous (or shiny) and
can be polished
5) Metals are generally hard ( except
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Na and K) and strong.
6) Metals are solid at room
temperature (except Hg)
7) Metals have high melting points and
boiling points (except Na, K, Ga, Cs
etc)
Ex: Fe melting point is 15350 C
Cu melting point is 10830 C
8) Metals have high densities (except
Na & K)
Ex : Fe - 7.8 gm/cc
9) Metals are sonorous that is, metals
make sound when hit with an object.
10) Metals usually have a silver (or)
grey colour
Ex: ( copper & Gold (except))
 Chemical properties :
(i) Reaction with oxygen: When
metals are burst in air, they react with
oxygen of air to form metal oxides
Metal  Oxygen  Metal Oxide
Na    O 2  g   Na 2O  s 
s
Sodium Oxygen Sodium Oxide
 Basic Oxide 
Most of the metal oxides are insoluble
in water. But some of the metal oxides
dissolves in water to form alkalies.
K 2O  H 2O  KOH
(ii) Reaction of metals with water:
Metals react with water to form metal
hydroxide ( or metal oxide) and
hydrogen gas
Na  s   H 2O  l   NaOH  H2  Heat
(vigorous reaction)
Ca  s   2 H 2 O  l   Ca  OH  2  H 2  s 
Cold  aq 
66
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE

Mg  2 H 2 O  l   Mg  OH 2  aq   H 2  s 
Hot
C u  C l2  C u C l2  s 
cu p r ic c h lo r id e
Al  3H 2 O  s   Al2 O3  s   3H 2  s 
steam 2 Fe  Cl2  2 FeCl3
(iii) Reaction with dil acids: Metals Ferrice chloride
usually displace hydrogen from dilute
acids
Metal  dil acid  metal salt  hydrogen 1. Most ductility element is
A) Aluminium B) Gold
Na  HCl  2 NaCl  aq   H 2  s  C) Iron D) Copper
 aq   H 2. The property of metals by which
Mg  HCl  MgCl2 2  s they can be beaten into thin sheets
Reactivity series of Metals: is called
A) Malleability B) ductility
Some metals are chemically very C) ConductionD) Expantional
reactive when as others are un reactive
3. All metals shown p roperty of
K Na Ca Mg  Al ZnTe Sn Pb H Cu  Hg  Ag  Au malleability except
High reactive Moderatereactive Lowreactive
A) Iron B) Graphite
(iv) Reaction of Metals with salt C) Silver D )
solution: Aluminium
4. The metals that produce ringing
sounds are said to be
Zn  CuSO4  ZnSO  Cu  s  A) Malleabile B) sonorous
4 aq 
Zinc sulphate C) Lustrous D) Hard
5. Oxides of metals are _____________
nature
A) Acidic B) Basic
Cu  2 AgNO3  Cu NO3  2  2 Ag 6.
C) Nutral D) None
Which metal is found in plant leaves
copper nitrate
A) Fe B) Cr
(v) Reaction with Hydrogen: C) Mg D) CO
7. Which of the following metal reacts
vigorously with oxygen and water
2 Na  H 2  2 NaH  s  A) Iron B) Potassium C )
Sodium hydride Calcium D) Magnesium
8. Amphoteric Oxide is
A) Na2O B) K 2 O
Ca  H 2  C aH 2  s 
C a lciu m hydride C) Li2 O D) Al2 O3
(vi) Reaction with chlorine: 9. Low density metal is
A) Na B) Fe

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 67

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
non sonaraous
C) Zn D) M n
Chemical Properties:
10. The element which forms positively
1) Reacting of non-metals with
charged ion is
oxygen:
A) C B) Cl
C) Ca D) H C  s   O2  s   CO2  g 
Ø
11. Melting point of copper is
Ø CO2 s  H 2 O l  H 2 CO3  aq 
  
A) 10830 C B) 15350 C
2) Reaction of non-metals with water:
C) 7800 C D) 4500 C
Non-metals do not react with water
12. Aluminium reacts with _____________
A) Cold water B) Hot water (or) steam to evolve H 2 gas
C) Steam D) None 3) Reaction of non-metals with dil
acids:
DAY - 7 Non-metals do not react with dilute
NON - METALS acids
4) Reaction of non-metal with salt
solution:
 Non metals are the elements that do A more reactive non-metal displaces
not conduct heat and electricity and a low reactive non-metal from its salt
are neither malleable nor ductile. solution
 Non metals are the elements which
form negatively charged ions by 2 NaBr  Cl2  2 NaCl  Br
 aq   aq  2 aq 
gaining of electrons
5) Reaction with Hydrogen:
   
X  e  X , Cl  e  Cl
non  metal anion H 2  S  l   H2 S  g 
Physical properties:
1) Non-metals are neither mallable nor 3H 2  N 2  2 NH3  g 
ductile 6) Reaction with chlorine:
2) Non-metals do not conduct heat and
electricity H 2  Cl2  2 HCl
3) Non-metals are not lustrous (except
Iodine) P4  6Cl2  4PCl3
4) Non-metals are generally soft (except
diamond)
5) Non-metals are not strong. They are 1. Oxides of non-metals are _________
easily broken in nature
6) Non-metals may be solids, liquid or A) Basic B) Acidic
gases at room temperature C) Neutral D) All
7) Non-metals have comparatively low 2. Hardest non metal is
M.P’s and B.P’s (except diamond) A) Graphite B) Coal
8) Non-metals have low densities and C) Diamond D) Coke

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 68

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
3. The element which gain electrons present. Then elements combine to
is form a large number of compounds on
A) Mg B) S the basis of their chemical properties,
C) Al D) Be all the compound can be classified into
4. Which non-metal catches fire if it three groups.
exposed to air 1) Acids
A) Sodium B) Phosphorous 2) Bases and
C) Calcium D) Uranium 3) Salts
5. Which of the following statements Acids:
are correct
A) All metals are ductile A compounds which gives H  / H 3 O 
B) All non-metals are ductile
ions in aqueous solution are called
C) Generally metals are ductile acid
D) Some metals are ductile
6. Which material show shiny property HCl  H 2 O  H 3 O   Cl 
A) Coal B) Iodine
C) Aluminium D) Both B & C H 2 SO4  H 2 O  H 3 O   SO42 
7. Which element is present in fuels
Classification of gases:
A) Copper B) Iron
C) Gold D) Carbon
8. The rotten egg smell gas is
A) NH 3 B) H 2 S

C) CO2 D) SO2
9. Assertion : Graphite is a good
conductor of electricity
Reason : The free electrons in
graphite conducts electricity
A) Both Assertion and reason are
correct
B) Asseration is correct and reason is
incorrect
C) Asseration is in correct and reason
is correct
D) Both Asseration and reason are
incorrect Methods of preparation of Acids:
 By direct Synthesis:
Day - 8
H 2  Cl2  2 HCl
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
 By the action of water on non-metallic
oxides:

One hundred and twenty different SO2  H 2 O  H 2 SO3

chemical elements are known to us at
P2 O5  3H 2 O  2 H 3 PO4
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 69
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Physical properties of Acids:
 Acids have a sour taste
 Some acids are solids other are liquids
at room temperature H 2O
1. ( i ) HCl   A  Cl 
 Acids can change the colour of 
Indicators
H 2O
4  2 H  B
Blue Litmus  ( ii ) H SO  
2
Red
Methyl Orange  A) A  2 H  , B  SO4 B )
Red
Phenolphthalein  No A  H  , B  SO42 
change in colour
Acids acts as electrolyte C) A  3H  , B  SO32  D )

Chemical properties of Acids:
A  4 H  , B  SO 2 
 Action with active metals.
2. A teacher performed the following
Zn  2 HCl  ZnCl2  H 2 experiment in the class.
He took a small amount of lemon
Mg  2 HCl  MgCl2  H 2 juice, apple juice, vinegar in three
separate test tubes. He poured a
 Action with Bases: drop of blue litmus in each of the
2 NaOH  H 2 SO4  Na2 SO4  2 H 2 O test tubes. What will you notice
about blue litmus?
a) Blue litmus turns red only in lemon
KOH  HCl  KCl  H 2 O juice.
 Action with carbonates and bi b) Blue litmus turns red only in apple
carbonate: juice.
c) Blue litmus turns red only in
CaCO3  2 HCl  CaCl2  H 2 O  CO2  vinegar.
d) All

Mg HCO3 2  2HNO3  Mg  NO3 2  2H2 O  2CO2  3. Statement A : Acids turn blue litmus
 Action with sulphides: red.
Statement B : Acids turn methyl
ZnS  2 HCl  ZnCl2  H 2 S  orange solution pink
Statement C : Acids turn
FeS  H 2 SO4  FeSO4  H 2 S  phenolphthalein solution to
Uses of acids: colourless
a) Statements A and B are true but C
is false.
b) Statement A is true but B and C
are both false.
c) Statement B is true but A and C are
both false.
d) Statements A,B and C are all true.
4. Metals displace _________ from the
acids
a) Oxygen b) Carbondioxide
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 70
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
c) Hydrogen d) Nitrogen Column I
5. Zn + I  ZnSO4 + II Column - II
Find I and II. Source Name of
the acid
a) I  HSO4, II  2H2 b )
p. Lemon i) Formic
I  2HSO4, II  2H2 acid.
c) I  2H2SO4, II  H2 d ) q. Grapes ii) Maleic
I  H2SO4, II  H2 acid
r. Vinegar iii) C i t r i c
6. Choose the false statements.
acid.
a) Acids have sour taste.
s. Brown ants iv)
b) Acids turn methyl orange yellow. Tartaric acid.
c) Most of the acids are in soluble in t. Apples v) Acetic
water. acid.
d) Acids do not affect phenolphthalein a) p  i, q  ii, r  iii, s  iv, t 
solution. v
7. Metallic oxide + I  II + b) p  v, q  iv, r  iii, s  ii, t 
Water i
a) I  Acid, II  Metallic salt c) p  iii, q  iv, r  v, s  i, t 
ii
b) I  Base, II  Non-metallic d) p  ii, q  iv, r  v, s  i, t 
salts iii
c) I  Acid, II  Non-metallic 11. Choose the correct classification:
salt Column I Column II Column III
Dissociate to give two
I Monobasic acid a H PO i H+ ions per molecule of
d) I  Base, II  Metallic salt 3 4
the acid.
Dissociate to give three
8. Match the following: II Disbasic acid b HCl ii H+ ions per molecule of
the acid.
Column - ‘A’ Column - ‘B’ Dissociate to give one
III Tribasic acid c H SO
2 4iii H+ ion per molecule of
(i) Sulphuric acid p. Used for the acid.

cleaning metal surface during tinning. a) I  a  iii, II  b  i, III  c 

(ii) Nitric acid q. In car
batteries.
(iii) Hydrochloric acid r . ii
Manufacture of explosives.
a) i  q, ii  r, iii  p b )
i  q, ii  p, iii  r
c) i  r, ii  p, iii  q d )
i  p, ii  q, iii  r
9. Which of the following acid is used
as an eye wash?
a) Carbonic acid b) Boric acid c )
Oxalic acid d) Acetic acid
10. Match the following:
ii
b) I  c  iii, II  b  i, III  a 
c) I  b  iii, II  a  i, III  c 
ii
d) I  b  iii, II  c  i, III  a 
ii
12. Choose the false statement:
a) Sulphuric acid is a strong
inorganic acid.
b) Sulphurous acid is a weak
inorganic acid.

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 71

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
c) Nitrous acid is a weak inorganic c) Statement II is true but I is false
acid. d) Statements I and II are both false
d) Phosphoric acid is a strong organic 19. A + B  CO2
acid. CO2 + C  H2CO3
13. The acids obtained from the plants a) A  2C, B  2O 2 ,
or the animals are called organic
C  2H2O
acids.
b) A  C, B  O2, C  H2O
Which of the following is/are
organic acids? c) A  C, B  2O2, C  H2O
a) Stearic acid b) Lactic acid
c) Oleic acid d) All d) A  2C, B  O 2 ,
C  2H2O
14. Which of the following is/are a
monobasic acid?
a) CH3COOH b) H2SO3 Day -9
c) HCN d) (COOH)2 ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
15. Choose the correct statements:
a) Carbonic acid is a tribasic acid.
Definition of an Bases:
b) Phosphoric acid is a tribasic acid.
c) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.  A compound which gives OH  ion in
aqueous solution is called base
d) Nitric acid is a strong inorganic
acid. NaOH  aq   Na   OH 
16. The acids which are obtained from Alkalies:
the minerals present in earth are Soluble bases are called as alkalies.
called: (All alkalies are bases but all bases
a) Organic acids b) Strong acids are not alkalies)
c) Inorganic acids d) Weak acids Classification of Bases:
17. Which of the following is a weak
acid?
a) H3PO4 b) H2CO3
c) HNO2 d) H3PO4
18. Statement I: The acids are
prepared by
dissolving oxides of
metals in water
Statement II: The oxides of non-
metals such as
carbon and sulphur Methods of preparation of bases:
react with water to 1) From metallic oxides
form acids.
a) Statement II is false but I is true Na2O  H 2 O  NaOH
b) Statements I and II are both true

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 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE

CaO  H 2 O  Ca  OH 2
2) By double decomposition: 1. Statement I: The oxides and
hydroxides of sodium
FeCl3  3NaOH  Fe  OH 3  3 NaCl and potassium are
strong bases.
CuSO4  2 NaOH  Cu  OH 2   Na2 SO4 Statement II: Sodium hydroxide
and potassium
Physical properties: hydroxide are soluble
 Bases are soapy to touch and have in water
bitter taste a) Statement I is true. b )
Statement II is false.
 They change colour of indicators
c) Statements I, II are both true. d )
Red litmus  Statements I, II are both false.
Blue 2. Match the following:
Methyl orange  Column I Column II
Yellow (p) KOH (i) Monoacidic base
Phenolphthalein  (q) NH4OH (ii) Strongalkali
Pink (r) NaOH (iii) Diacidic base
 They act as electrolytes (s) Ca(OH)2 (iv) Weak alkali
Chemical Properties: (t) Fe(OH)3 (v) T r i a c i d i c
base
1) Neutralisation reaction
a) p  ii, q  iv, r  i, s  iii, t  v
b) p  i, q  iv, r  ii, s  v, t  iii
Ca  OH 2  2 HCl  CaCl2  2 H 2 O
c) p  v, q  i, r  iv, s  iii, t  ii
d) p  iii, q  iv, r  i, s  v, t  ii
Fe  OH 2  2 HCl  FeCl2 3. Statement I: Strength of bases
depends on the concentration of
2) Reaction with CO2 hydroxyl ions in solution.
Statement II: Acidity of bases
2KOH  CO2  K 2 CO3  H 2 O depends on the number of hydroxyl
3) Action of Heat ions in solution

Ca  OH  2 
 CaO  H 2 O a) Statement I is true b )
Statement II is false
 c) Statements I, II are both true d )
2 Al  OH 3 
 Al2 O3  3H 2 O
Statements I, II are both false
Uses of basics: 4. Choose the correct classification of
Base Uses
In the manufacture of Soap bases:
1 NaOH
As an antacid
(i) Fe(OH)2 (ii) Na2O (iii) MgO
2 Mg OH 2

3 Ca OH 2 Manufacturing of bleaching powder

As a foaming agent in fire extinguishers

(i) (ii)
4 Al OH3
(iii)
a) Hydroxide of metal Oxide of metal
Insoluble oxide of metal
b) Oxide of metal Hy drox ide of

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 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
metal Hydroxide of metal completely with a base to form salt
c) Insoluble oxide of metal Hy drox ide of and water is called:
metal Oxide of metal
c) Oxide of metal Insoluble
oxide of metal Hydroxide of metal a) Hydrolysis b) Neutralisation
d) None of the above c) Oxidation d) Reduction
5. Bases change the methyl colour of 10. Which of the following bases is used
orange to in the manufacture of pap er
a) Red b) Yellow c ) industry?
Pink d) Green a) Caustic soda
6. The oxides of metals are commonly b) Magnesium hydroxide
called _______ because they react c) Calcium hydroxide
with acids to form salt and water d) Caustic potash
as only products.
11. Which of the following base is used
a) Salts b) Non-metals c ) in the preparation of bleaching
Basic oxides d) Acidic oxides powder?
7. Statement A: Sodium hydroxide is a) Caustic soda
a strong base. b) Calcium hydroxide
Statement B: Sodium hydroxide is c) Aluminium hydroxide d )
stronger than potassium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide
a) Statement A is correct Day - 10
b) Statement A is correct and
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Statement B is incorrect
c) Statement A is incorrect
d) Statement B is incorrect
Indicators:
Indicators are the complex organic
8. Assertion: Sodium hydroxide is compounds which impart different
a strong base. shades of colour in the solution.
Reason : It gives hydroxide Ex : - Litmus
ions readily in presence of water. Methyl orange
a) Assertion is incorrect. . Universal indicator
Salts:
b) Assertion is correct but reason is A salt is a compound which is formed
incorrect. by the neutralisation of an acid by a
base
c) Assertion and reason are both
incorrect. HCl  NaOH  NaCl  H 2 O
d) Assertion and reason are both Classification of salts :
correct and reason is the correct 1) Normal salts Ex : NaCl
explanation for assertion.
9. The process of reacting of an acid

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 74

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Naming salts:
2) Acid salts Ex: NaH SO4
 Salts obtained from the sulphuric acid
3) Basic salts Ex: pb  OH  Cl are called sulphates
(Basic lead chloride) Ex: Na2 SO 4 sodium sulphate
4) Double salts E x :  Salts obtained from the hydrochloric
acid are called chlorides.
K 2 SO4 . Al2 SO4  3 .24H2O Ex: KCl Potasium chlorides
 Salts obtained from the nitric acid are
Method of Preparation: called nitrates
Na Cl2 2NaCl, Zn  H2SO4 ZnSO4  H2

Ex: Ca NO3 2 Calcium nitrate

 Salts obtained from carbonic acid are

Physical Properties: called carbonates
 They conduct electricity in molten
Ex: CaCO3 calcium carbonate
(or) dissolved states
 They are non-volatile solid
crystals

Chemical Properties:
1. Match the following:
Reaction with acids
Column I
NaHCO3  HCl  NaCl  H 2 O  CO2 Column II
Reactions with water (p) Copper nitrate (i)
Al2(CO3)3
CuSO4  5 H 2 O  CuSO4 .5H 2 O (q) Sodium sulphate
anhydrous copper sulphate blue vitriol (ii) Cu(NO3)2
(r) Aluminium carbonate
Uses: (iii) Na2SO4
Salt Use (s) Potassium sulphate
1 NaCl
Preservation of food (iv) K2SO4
Relief from common cold a) p  ii, q  iii, r  i, s  iv
2  NH4 2 CO3
In baking soda
b) p  i, q  iv, r  ii, s  iii
3 NaHCO3
4 CaCl2 Drying agent c) p  iv, q  i, r  iii, s  ii
5 KNO3 Gun Powder d) p  iii, q  iv, r  ii, s  i

Drying Agent Dehydrating Agent

They remove moisture from other They remove chemically combined
2. Match the following:
1 1
substances elements of water from a compound
I
Removal of moisture Physical Removal water in a chemical
2
change
2
change II
3 Chemical formula remains same 3 Chemical formula undergo change (a) Na2SO4 (i)
Hydrated salt
4 Ex: P2 O5 , CaO etc 4 Ex: H 2 SO4
(b) NaHSO4 (ii)
Normal salt

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 75

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
(c) Zn(OH)Cl (iii) s. MgSO4.7H2O
Acid salt t. ZnSO4.7H2O
(d) CuSO4.5H2O (iv)
Basic salt a) p  ii, q  iii, r,s,t  (i) b) p  i,
a) a  iii, b  i, c  ii, d  iv b ) q  iii, r,s,t  (ii)
a  iv, b  i, c  iii, d  ii c) p  iii, q  i, r,s,t  (ii) d) p  ii,
c) a  ii, b  iii, c  iv, d  i d ) q  i, r,s,t  (iii)
a  i, b  iv, c  iii, d  ii 7. Which of the following salts is used
3. Statement I: A salt formed by the in the manufacture of gun powder
partial replacement and fire works?
of H+ ions of an acid
from its molecule, a) Common salt b) Chile salt petre
with metal ions is c) Nitre d) Potash alum
called acid salt. 8. Which of the following salt is used
Statement II: The acid salt on to preserve raw hides?
dissolving in water a) NaCl b) NaHCO3
furnishes hydrogen c) KaCO3 d) NaNO3
ion and turns red
litmus to blue. 9. Statement I : The anhydrous salts
regain their colour on the addition
of water.
a) Statement II is false but I is true
b) Statements I and II are both true Statement II : The deliquescent
salts have tendency to absorb
c) Statement I is true but II is false moisture from air and
d) Statements I and II are both false change into solution.
4. Crystals of some salts have some
fixed number of water molecules a) Statement II is false but I is true
attached to them. Such salts are
called:
b) Statements I and II are both false.
a) Normal salts b) Acid salts c )
Hydrated salts d) Anhydrous c) Statement I is true but II is false
salts
d) Statements I and II are both true.
5. On strong heating, the hydrated
salts lose their water of 10. The chemical name of nitre is:
crystallisation and lose their shape
and colour. The compound formed a) Sodium nitrate
after heating is: b) Potassium nitrate
a) Acidic salt b) Hydrated salt c ) c) Calcium nitrate
Anhydrous salt d) Deliquesent salt d) Ammonium nitrate
6. Match the following: 11. The chemical name of smelling salt
I II is:
p. CuSO4.5H2O (i) White a) Epsom salt. b )
q. FeSO4.7H2O (ii) Blue Hydrated magnesium sulphate.
r. Na2CO3.10H2O (Iii) Green c) Ammonium carbonate
d) Magnesium hydroxide sulphate.
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 76
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
12. Which of the following salts is used
in electroplating copper metal?
a) Green vitriol b) White vitriol
c) Blue vitriol d) Red vitriol
Day - 11
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
 Atoms: atoms are the extremely small
minute particles. They are the building
blocks of matter.
Atomic theories
Maharshi Kanad’ views of atom:
Kanad was a great Indian philosopher
(600 B.C.). According to him, “matter
consists of indestructible particles
called paramanus”. A paramanu does
not exist independently rather it
combines with other paramanus to 
form a bigger particle called the anu
(now known as a molecule).
The Greek philosopher Democritus
(460 BC - 370 BC) called the
paramanu ‘atom’, which comes from
the Greek word atomos, meaning
indivisible.
 DALTON’S atomic theory:
In 1808 John Dalton, an English
scientist, described the atom as the
smallest particle exhibiting all the
properties of a particular element.
The fundamentals of Dalton’s atomic 
theory are:
1. Matter consists of small
indivisible particles called atoms,
which can be neither created nor
destroyed.
2. The atoms of an element are alike
in all respects but they differ from
the atoms of other elements.
3. Most atoms combine in small
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
whole numbers to form
molecules.
4. Atoms are the smallest units of
matter that can take part in a
chemical reaction.
Note: The latest research works about
atoms have proved that most of
Dalton’s atomic theory is incorrect.
But Dalton was right to say that atoms
take part in chemical reactions.
Discovery of subatomic particles :
J.J. Thomson’s work on cathode
rays
J.J. Thomson another British
scientist, studied the characteristics
and the constituents of the cathode
rays and stated that they consist of
negatively charged particles called
electrons.
Properties of electrons
Electrons are an integral part of all
atoms.
An electron has a definite mass and it
carries a definite electric charge.
The mass of an electron has been
found to be 1/1837 times the mass of
an hydrogen atom (9.108 × 10-28 g)
Its charge is one (1) unit negative
charge, i.e. 1.602 × 10-19 coulombs.
An electron is denoted by the symbol
–1
e0. The superscript represents its
mass and the subscript represents its
electrical charge.
Discovery of protons (P+)
The presence of the negatively charged
electrons in an atom suggests that it
must contain positively charged
particles as well, otherwise an atom
would not be electrically neutral.
These positively charged particles were
discovered by E. Goldstein, a German
scientist.
Properties of protons:
77
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
1. The mass of a proton was
calculated as being equal to the
mass of an atom of hydrogen i.e.,
1.672 × 10-19 coulombs.
2. The positive charge on a proton
is equal to the negative charge
on an electron
Discov ery of neutron: James
Chadwick discovered neutron.
Properties of neutrons
1. The mass of a neutron is slightly
more than that of a proton, i.e.,
1.676 × 10 –24 g compared to 
1.672 × 10–24 g.
2. Electrically a neutron is neutral,
i.e., it has no charge.
3. In a particular element, the
number of neutrons in the
nucleus of its atoms may vary.
Further research has proved that
within the atom these are over 100
different kinds of sub atomic particles,
most important being positron,
meson, neutrino etc.
Atomic Models:
THOMSON’S Model of an atom:

Now the questions arose as to how
protons and electrons were arranged
in an atom. The first model of the
structure of the atom was worked out
by J.J. Thomson. It is known as the
plum pudding Model.
Positively
+ +
Charged
sphere + Electrons
+ +
+
+ Shells
Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom
Since the total positive charge of the
atom was equal to the total negative 4.
charge of its electrons, it followed that
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
an atom would become negatively
charged if it gained electrons and
positively charged if it lost electrons.
However, since this line of reasoning
failed to explain many experimental
observations about atoms, Thomson’s
model was not accepted.
The arrangement of sub-atomic
particles in an atom can be studied
by atomic models.
The famous atomic model is of
Rutherford’s atomic model.
Rutherford’s atomic model:
Rutherford conducted  -ray
scattering experiment and made
certain observations about the atom.
Note:  -particles are Helium nucleuii.
They are represented by 2He4. Certain
radioactive elements like radium and
polonium emit  - particles.
Let us study postulates of Rutherford.
According to this model:
1. At the centre of the atom, there
is a positively charged mass known
as the nucleus. The entire mass of the
atom is concentrated in it. The nucleus
is the densest part of the atom.
2. The size of the nucleus is very
small compared to the size of the atom
as a whole.
3. An atom is electrically neutral
i.e., the number of protons and the
number of electrons present in an
atom are equal.
Electrons
Proton
+ Nucleus
Electrons revolve in circular orbits
(shells) in the space available around
78
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
the nucleus. Thus a model similar to c) Goldstein.
that of the solar system was developed d) G.J. Stoney.
by Rutherford. Just as in the solar 5. An electron is denoted by the
system the sun is at the centre and o
symbol -1e . The superscript
the planets revolve around it, in an represents its:
atom the electrons revolve around the
centrally located nucleus. But this
model could still not explain the a) Volume b) Mass
electrical stability of the atom c) Weight d) Force
Properties of sub-atomic particles: 6. Protons are denoted by the symbol:
a summary. a) P0 b) P-2
Particle Symbol Charge Atomic mass
(1.602 ×10-19C) c) +1p1
grams d) P
Electron _1e° or e- -1 9.1 × 10 g
-28
7. Protons and neutrons are
Proton 1H or +1p
1 1 +1 1.6 × 10-24 g collectively called:
Neutron 0n1 or n 0 1.6 × 10-24 g a) Electrons b) Nucleons
c) Molecules d) Mesons
8. Who discovered neutron?
a) Goldstein b) G. J Stoney
1. Choose the correct statements /s: c) James Chadwickd) Niels Bohr.
9. Assertion (A): Nucleus is stable in
a) An atom takes part in a chemical nature.
reaction
Reason (R): The attraction due to
b) An atoms are capable of nuclear forces
independent existence. counter balances the
c) An atom is the basic unit of matter. repulsion due to
d) An atom can be seen by naked eyes. positive charges.
2. Who gave the name paramanu for a) Both assertion and reason are
the tiny particles of matter? correct and reason is the correct
a) John Dalton explanation of assertion.
b) Maharshi kanad b) Both assertion and reason are
c) James Chadwick correct but reason is not the correct
d) G.J Stoney. explanation of assertion.
3. Who proposed apple pie pudding c) Assertion is correct and reason is
model of atom? incorrect.
d) Assertion is incorrect and reason is
a) Goldstein
correct.
b) J.J Thomson
10. Statement (A): Rutherford
c) John Dalton compared his atomic
d) Rutherford. model to a
4. Who proved the presence of miniature solar
positively charged particles within system.
the atom? Statement (B): Rutherford failed
to explain the
a) Lavoisier. position of electrons
b) Henry Cavendish. with respect to

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 79

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
each other and the
positively charged
nucleus.
a) Statement ‘A’ is true, statement ‘B’
is false.
b) Statement ‘A’ is false, statement ‘B’
is true.
c) Statements ‘A’ and ‘B’ are true.
d) Statements ‘A’ and ‘B’ are false.
11. The subatomic particles of an atom
are electron, proton and neutron.
Which of the following subatomic
particles are also found in an atom?
a) Positron b) Meson
c) Neutrino d) All the above
12. Match the following:
Column - I
Column - II
a) Neutron
has unit positive charge
b) Proton
has no electric charge
c) Electron
has unit negative charge
a) a  (i), b  (iii), c  (ii)
b) a  (ii), b  (iii),c  (i)
c) a  (ii), b  (i), c  (iii)
d) a  (i), b  (ii), c  (iii)
DAY- 12
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
 Modern atomic model:
1. An atom consists of the sub-
atomic particles called
electrons, protons and
neutrons.
2. There are two structural parts
in an atom,
i) the nucleus
ii) the orbits or the shells are
the empty spaces that
surround the nucleus.
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
3. The nucleus is the positively
charged, central part of an atom.
It contains protons and
neutrons. The protons and
neutrons (collectively known as
nucleons) are held firmly in the
nucleus by strong nuclear forces.
4. Orbits (or shells) are the
imaginary paths traced by the
electrons in the empty space
surrounding the nucleus.
Electrons revolve around the
nucleus with certain speed and
experience a force called
centrifugal force.
5. An atom is electrically neutral
because the number of protons
and the number of electrons
present in it are same, thus
i ) balancing the charge budget of
the atom.
ii)  Let us study about the distribution
of electrons around the nucleus:
iii) The distribution of electrons revolving
in different orbits or shells around the
nucleus of an atom is called the
electronic configuration.
How are electrons distributed in
different shells or orbits?
Niels Bohr, a Danish scientist, studied
the distribution of electrons around
the nucleus. According to him:
1. Electrons revolve round the
nucleus in definite orbits or
shells, which are labelled as K,
L, M, N, and so on, or 1 (or I), 2
(or II), 3 (or III), 4 (or IV), and so
on.
2. Each of these shells is associated
with a fixed amount of energy,
and therefore each is known as
an energy level. The greater the
number of the shells the greater
the energy that it holds.
3. An electron present in the first
80
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
or the (K) shell, i.e., the one lying
nearest to the nucleus, possesses
the least amount of energy
among all the electrons held by
the atom. The second shell (L) has
higher energy than the K shell,
and M holds even more than L,
and so on. In other words, the
greater the distance of a shell
from the nucleus, the greater is
the amount of energy held by it.
Now the problem was to find the
number of electrons in each shell of 
an atom.
How can we know the exact number
of electrons in each shell of an atom?
To understand electronic
configuration, a scheme was
proposed by two scientists, Bohr and
Bury. It is known as the Bohr-Bury
Scheme of electronic configuration.
According to this scheme:
(i) The maximum number of
electrons that can be present in
any shell or orbit of an atom is
given by the formula 2n2, where
n is the serial number of the
shell. Thus, the first shell (K) can
accommodate no more than 2 ×
12 = 2 electrons, the second shell
(L) not more than 2 × 2 2 = 8
electrons, and so on.
Maximum number of electrons that
can be present in the successive shells
of an atom is given by a scheme called
Bohr-Bury scheme of electronic
configuration.
Shell n Maximum num ber of
electrons
K 1 2 ×1 2 = 2
L 2 2 × 22 = 8
M 3 2 × 3 2 = 18
N 4 2 × 4 2 = 32
(ii) Another rule, known as the Octet
Rule, determines the actual
number of electrons present in a
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
shell. It states that “the
maximum number of electrons
that the outermost shell of an
electrically neutral and
chemically stable atom can have
is 8, except if the atom has only
one shell (as it is in the case of
hydrogen and helium), which can
have only 2 electrons (duplet)
We can represent the sub-atomic
particles with the help of geometric
diagrams.
Let us study the geometric
representation of sub-atomic
particles of some elements:
By knowing the mass number and
atomic number of an element, we
can represent its atomic structure.
Mass number: The number of
protons and neutrons together in an
atom is called its mass number. It is
indicated by a symbol ‘A’.
Eg:- z X A Mass number
Atomic number: The number of
electrons or protons in an atom is
called its atomic number. It is
represented by a symbol ‘Z’.
A
Eg:- Atomic number z X
For example an atom of oxygen with
its mass number and atomic number
is represented by 8O16.
We can find the number of neutrons
by using the formula A – Z.
Let us know the geometric
representation of oxygen atom 8O16.
 Geometric representation of
oxygen atom  8 O16 
Mass number of oxygen (A) = 16
Atomic number of oxygen (Z) = 8
 Number of protons = Z = 8
 Number of electrons = No. of
protons = 8
 Number of neutrons = A – Z = 16 –
81
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
8 =8 3. The scheme of distribution of
And the electrons in the first shell = electrons revolving around the
2 [K-shell] nucleus of an atom, in different
Remaining electrons in second shell orbits is given by:
= (8 – 2) = 6 [L - shell] a) James Chadwick
So, the geometric structure of b) Ernest Rutherford
oxygen atom is:
c) Bohr and Bury
d) Joseph Priestly
4. Statement (A): An atom becomes
stable when its
outermost shell
has 8 electrons or it
GEOMETRIC REPRESENTATION OF has only one shell
SOME ELEMENTS containing 2
No.of
neutrons A - Z
No.of
protons - Z
No.of electrons Electronic
configuration
Geometric
representation of
electrons.
Element
atomic structure

1
Statement (B): Helium atom has
Hydrogen
only one shell
1 H 1-1=0 1 1 1, ...

4 4-2=2
containing 2
Helium He 2 2 2, ....
2

electrons.

Carbon 12
C 12 - 6 = 6 6 6 2, 4, ...
a) ‘A’ is true, ‘B’ is false.
6

b) ‘A’ is false, ‘B’ is true.

Nitrogen 14
N 14 - 7 = 7 7 7 2, 5, ....
c) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are true.
7

d) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are false.

Oxygen 16
8 O 16 - 8 = 8 8 8 2, 6,....
5. Which of the following shells can
accommodate 32 electrons?
Do all the atoms have same mass a) K b) L
number? c) M d) N
Read it in the next worksheet. 6. The value of n in L-shell is 2. Find
the maximum number of electrons
that can be accommodated?
1. Distribution of electrons revolving a) 2 b) 4
around the nucleus of an atom in c) 8 d) 16
different orbits (energy levels or 7. The symbol used to represent atomic
shells) is called : number is:
a) Electronegativity a) A b) Z
b) Electropositivity c) Y a) K
c) Electron affinity 8. The formula used to find the number
d) Electronic configuration of neutrons is:
2. The maximum number of electrons a) M - Z b) N - Z
2
which can be present in any shell c) 2n d) A – Z
of an atom is given by the formula: 9. The symbol used to represent mass
a) n2 b) 3n number of any element is:
c) 2n2 d) n a) A b) M
c) Z d) N
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 82
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
10. The electronic structure of 4
is: 3:1.
2 He
 Isotopes of hydrogen:
Hydrogen has three important
isotopes, which are given different
a) b) c) names and symbols. They are
hydrogen (protium) 11 H , deuterium 12 H
and tritium 13 H which are denoted by
the symbols H, D and T respectively.
d) They are important because, they
produce energy in the sun and other
stars. They are also potential sources
11. The mass number of an atom A is of energy on the Earth in future.
16 and its atomic number is 8.[ ] Similarly, carbon has three isotopes,
Find the number of neutrons? namely 12 , 13 and 14 , the most
6 C 6 C 6 C
a) 16 b) 32
c) 8 d) 2 predominant isotope being 12 6 C
.
12. Find the number of neutrons in Similarly the isotopes of nitrogen can
sulphur? 14
be written as 7 N and 15 . As a matter
7 N
Hint: The atomic number of
sulphur is 32. of fact, many elements have two or
The mass number of more isotopes.
sulphur is 36.  Properties of isotopes:
a) 36 b) 16 c ) 1. The atomic number, i.e., the
18 d) 20 number of protons in all the
DAY - 13 isotopes of an element is the
same. Thus, they are likely to
ATOMIC STRUCTURE have same chemical properties.
SYNOPSIS 2. The electronic configuration of all
There are certain elements which do the isotopes of same element is
not have same mass number. These same.
atoms are called isotopes. Let us 3. The physical properties such as
understand isotop es with an mass, density, melting point,
example. boiling point, etc., of isotopes of
The atoms of an element, which have same element are different.
the same atomic number but different C - 12 is the most common
mass numbers are called isotopes. isotope of carbon that has 6
protons and 6 neutrons in its
 Isotopes of chlorine:
nucleus. The discovery of
In chlorine all the atoms do not have
isotopes solved the contradiction
the same mass number. Some atoms
of Dalton’s atomic theory.
of chlorine have mass number 35
whereas other atoms have mass Formation of ions:
number 37. However, all these atoms  We know that atoms combine to form
have the same atomic number 17. the molecules of compounds.
Isotopes of chlorine can be represented When the atoms of same element or
35 37
different elements combine to form a
as 17 Cl
and 17 Cl
. They are in the ratio
molecule, a force of attraction develops
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 83
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII
between the combining atoms. This
force of attraction between two similar
or different atoms in a molecule is
called chemical bond.
During chemical combination one of
the atoms donates one or more
electrons, which are accepted by
another atom to form a chemical bond
between the two.
Formation of positive ions
If the atom of an element has 1 to 3
electrons in its valence or outer most
shell, in order to attain stability, it
tends to lose these electrons, so as to 
have electronic configuration of the
nearest noble gas. Due to the loss of
electrons, the net negative charge
decreases as compared to the net
positive charge of the nucleus. Thus,
the residual particle becomes
positively charged ion.
If an atom loses only one valence
electron, the ion so formed has 1 unit
positive charge. Similarly, if 2 or 3
valence electrons are lost, the ion will
have 2 units or 3 units positive
charge.
Formation of sodium ion [Na+]
The atomic number of sodium atom is
11.
Thus, its electronic configuration is
2(K), 8(L), 1(M).
Thus, to attain the stable configuration
of the nearest noble gas, it must donate
(lose) a single electron from its M-shell.
In doing so the valence shell M will 
disappear.
However, donation of one electron
upsets electrical balance. There are
11 positive charges and 10 negative
charges. This particle is sodium ion
[Na1+]. The donation of an electron by
sodium atom to form sodium ion is 
shown in the following geometric
representation.
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS
MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Na
1 electron 
 
  Na1
Sodium ion
Sodium atom
Electronic configuration
Electronic configuration
2 K , 8 L , 1 M  2 K , 8 L 
   
unstable valence
 
 
stable valence
 
electron arrangement electron arrangment like neon gas
This electron is donated
This shell disappears
11P -1 electron( ) 11P
Na Na1+
Sodium atom [Na] Sodium ion [Na1+]
Formation of negative ions (Anions):
If an atom of an element has 5 to 7
electrons in its valence shell, then in
order to gain stability it tends to accept
(gain) electrons in its valence shell so
as to have electronic configuration of
the nearest noble gas. Due to
acceptance of electrons, the net
negative charge increases as
compared to positive charge within the
nucleus. Thus, the atom becomes
negatively charged.
If an atom gains only one electron in
its valence shell, then ion so formed
will have one unit negative charge.
Similarly, if an atom accepts two or
three electrons in its valence shell, the
ion so formed will have 2 units or 3
units of negative charge respectively.
Following is the example that will
illustrate the formation of negatively
charged ions (anions).
Formation of chloride ion:
The atomic number of chlorine is 17.
Thus, its electronic configuration is
2(K), 8(L), 7(M). It accepts one electron
in the M shell, to form stable
configuration of argon gas with 8-
electrons in M-shell.
Representation of chloride ion in
word form:
84
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
Cl
1 electron 
  Cl1 6. The force of attraction between two
Chlorine atom
Electronic configuration
Chloride ion
Electronic configuration
similar or different atoms in a
2 K , 8  L , 7 M 
      2 K , 8 L , 8 M 
     
molecule is called:
unstable valence
stable valence
electron arrangement
electron arrangment like argon gas
a) Chemical compound
This electron is b) Combining capacity
accepted
c) Chemical reaction
d) Chemical bond
17P
+1 electron( ) 17P 7. All metals and hydrogen form
–1
Cl Cl
positively charged ions, because all
of them have:
a) 2 – 7 electrons in their valence shell.
Chloride ion [Cl–1]
Chlorine atom [Cl]
b) 1 – 3 electrons in their valence shell.

c) 10 – 14 electrons in their valence

1. The atoms of an element which have shell.
the same atomic number but d) 12 – 16 electrons in their valence
different mass numbers are called: shell.
a) Isobars b) Isotopes 8. The charged particle formed by the
c) Isodiaphers d) Isotones loss or the gain of electrons by an
2. Number of neutrons in the three atom are called:
isotopes of hydrogen (H, D, T) a) Radicals b) Neutrons
respectively are: c) Ions d) Molecules
a) 0, 1, 2 b) 1, 2,3 9. Match the following:
c) 1, 1, 1 d) 0, 0, 0 Column - I
3. The chemical formula of stearic acid Column - II
is: Element
Atomic number
a) C16H22 COOH
p) Kr 1)
b) C12H12COOH
36
c) C17H35COOH q) Xe 2)
d) C18H30COOH 10
4. Utilizing the following data, choose r) Ar 3)
the correct representation of oxygen 54
isotopes. s) Ne 4)
18
Element Atomic number Mass number
a) p  2, q  1, r  3, s  4 b )
Oxygen 8 16, 17, 18
p  1, q  3, r  2, s  4
16 17 18 8 8 8
a) 8 O , 8 O , 8 O b) 16 O , 17 O , 18 O c) c) p  2, q  3, r  4, s  1 d )
p  1, q  3, r  4, s  2
8
, 8 , 8
15 O 16 O 17 O
8
d) 10 8
O , 12 8
O , 14 O 10. Choose the correct equation for the
5. Why do atoms combine to form the formation of [Mg2+]:
molecules of compounds? 2 electrons  00 
a) Mg   Mg 2
a) To attain stability
1electron
b) To become unstable b) Mg   Mg 2
c) To increase in volume 0electron
c) Mg   Mg 2
d) To increase in composition
2electrons
d) Mg   Mg 2
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 85
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
11. A charged particle formed by the Inert gases have either 2 electrons (or)
8 electrons in the valency shell. This
donation of electrons from the is known as inert gas configuration.
valence shell is: The inert gas elements are very stable
a) Electropositive ion and hence are non- reactive
b) Allotrope Duplet configuration:
c) Isotope When the only shell in an atom (or)
d) Electronegative ion ion has two electrons the configura-
12. Choose the correct statement/s: tion is called duplet configuration.
a) There are 11 protons in sodium ion
(Na1+)
b) There are 12 protons in sodium ion K L M N
1+
(Na ) He 2 0 0 0
c) There are 12 protons in magnesium 2 0 0 0
Li
ion (Mg2+)
d) There are 11 protons in magnesium Octet configuration:
ion (Mg2+)
When the last shell in an atom (or) ion
with morethan one shell has eight
DAY -14 electrons the configuration is called
octet configuration.
CHEMICAL BONDING
K L M N
Ne 2 8 0 0
Introduction: Ar 2 8 8 0
Today we know more than 90 elements
that occur naturally. Most of these el-
ements do not occur free but as com-
pounds. 1) It was found that atoms having
 What is the reason that most atomic numbers of
elements do not occur free? 2,10,18,36,54,86 are very stable
 Why do elements combine with and do not show any chemical re-
other elements to form compounds? activity, these elements were found
to be gases and are called:
The answer to both these questions
lies in the reactivity of the elements. A) Inert gases B )
Elements that do not occur free are Diatomic gases
relatively more reactive when elements C) Monoatomic gases
react with other elements they form D) Noble gases
chemical bonds.
In 1916, G.N lewi’s developed 2) Which inert gas has a duplet con-
a concept in which two atoms share figuration in its valence shell?
one to six electrons, thus forming a A) Helium B) Neon
bond. In the same year, W.Kossel put C) Argon D) Krypton
forward a theory similar to that of 3) Assertion : Duplet configuration
Lew’s. He stated that bonds form by implies that a given atom has 2 elec
transfer of electrons between atoms. trons in its valence
The bonds were due to attractive shell
forces.
Reason for inert gas elements not form- Reason: Elelments with octet
ing compounds easily: configuration in their valence shell
are stable.

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 86

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
A) Both essertion and reason are cor-
rect and reason is the correct expla
B) Al 3 N 3
nation of assertion. H2
B) Both assertion and reason are cor-
rect but reason is not the correct C) Al 3 N
explanation of assertion. H
C) Assertion is correct and reason is D) Al N
incorrect H
D) Assertion is incorrect and reason 8) Statement A : Pure metal is
is correct. more stable than its one.
4) “ The duplet and octet configura- Statement B: Ore of metal is
tion of elements in the valence shell more stable than pure metals.
is most stable and any atom having
this configuration will be in mini- A) ‘A’ is correct, ‘B’ is incorrect.
mum state of energy”. This state- B) ‘B’ is correct, ‘A’ is incorrect
ment was given by C) ‘A’ and ‘B’, both are correct
A) Kossel and Lewis B ) D) ‘A’ and ‘B’, both are incorrect
Lewis and Debye 9. An element A is tetravalent and
C) Kossel and London D ) another element B is divalent. The
Lewis and London formula of the compound formed by
the combination of these elements
5) Chemical reactivity of an elements is:
depends on:
A) Outer shell electronic configuration A) A2 B B) AB
B) Reactivity of the nucleus.
C) AB2 D) A2 B3
C) Core electrons
D) None 10. Electronic configuration of an ele-
6) Tpo attain a ______ participating ment ‘A’ is 1s 2 2 s 2 3s 2 3 p 4 . The pos-
atoms redistribute their electrons sible compound that be formed be-
to get a electronic configuration of tween A and B is:
the nearest noble gas either octer
or duplet. A) AB B) AB2
A) State of maximum energy
B) State of minimum energy C) A2 B D) A2 B3
C) Stability 11. Assertion (A): If the magnitude
D) None of attractive forces is more than
those of repul-
sive forces, then potential energy
7) In each of the following sets, iden- of the
tify the more stable species. system increase.
Reson (R) : With the de-
(i) Al or Al 3 , (ii) N or N 3 , (iii) crease in potential energy, system
gains sta-
H or H 2 bility and a chemical bond is formed
i ii A) Both assertion and reason are cor-
iii rect and reason is the correct
A) Al N 3 explanation of assertion
H B) Both assertion and reason are cor-
rect but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion
NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 87
 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
C) Assertion is corect and reason is Classification of chemical bond:
incorrect CHEMICAL BOND

D) Assertion is incorrect and reason is

STRONG BONDS WEAK BONDS
correct
1. IONIC BOND 1. HYDROGEN BOND

2. COVALENT BOND 2. VANDER WAALS FORCES

DAY - 15 3. CO-ORDINATE COVALENT BOND

4. METALLIC BOND
CHEMICAL BONDING
Quantum theory and bonding:

Why do other elements combine to form 1) When atoms are for apart, there are
compound? forces of attraction between electrons
and nucleus in an atom

1. Element combine to get more stability

in terms of electronic configuration. 2) When two atoms approach each other,
there is force of attraction between
Atoms combine toget a duplet (or) Oc- electrons of one atom and nucleus of
tet configuration, which is more stable the other atom and vice-ve
2. Elements combine to get more stabil-
ity in terms of energy
Every atom has a certain amount of
energy known as internal energy. At- 1. when two atoms combine to form a
oms combine to form compounds as molecule
the internal energy of the molecule A) energy is released
formed is less than the sum of the in-
ternal energies of the individual atoms. B) energy is absorbed
The compound has less energy and C) energy is neither released nor ab-
hence more stable
sorbed
Ex: 2 Na  Cl2  2 NaCl D) energy may either released or ab-
sorbed
The compound NaCl has less internal
energy then the sum of the internal 2. Valency expresses
energies of Na and Cl2 A) total electrons in an atom
Chemical Bond:
1. The force of attraction between the two B) atomicity of an element
atoms / ions that held together C) oxidation number of an element
strongly is known as chemical fond
2. A chemical bond is formed by redistri- D) combining capacity of an element
bution of electrons
3. Electronic theory of valency was pre-
3. The rectribution can be by way
sented by
(a) Transfer of electrons from one atom
to another (or) A) Pauling
B) Werner
(b) Sharing of electrons between the
two atoms C) Kossel and Lewis
D) Heitles and Lardas

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 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE
4. The combination of atoms occur be- 10. Which of the following are strong
cause they want chemical bond

A) To decrease number of electrons A) Ionic B) Covalent

in the outermost orbit C) Metallic D) All

B) To attain as inert gas configura-

tion KEY
C) To increase number of electron in
the outermost orbit
D) to attain 18 electron in the outer-
most orbit DAY – 1
WORKSHEET – 1
5. Is a weak bond 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) A 6) A

A) Ionic bond 7) B 8) D 9) A 10) a – r; b – s; c – p; d – q ;

B) Covalent bond
DAY – 2
C) Co-ordinate covalent bond WORKSHEET – 2
D) Hydrogen bond 1) B 2) a – iv; b – iii; c – I; d – ii;3) D 4) a – iv; b - I; c –ii; d –iii;

6. A chemical bond is formed by 5) A 6) A 7) D 8) D 9) D 10) D

11) D 12) A 13) C 14) B

A) Transfor of electrons from one
atom to another
DAY – 3
B) Showing of electrons between the WORKSHEET – 3
two atoms 1) B 2) D 3) C 4) B,D 5) C

C) Both A & B 6) C2H4 3O2 2CO2  2H2O 7) 2C2H2 5O2 4CO2 2H2O

D) None 8) CH4  2O2 CO2  2H2O 9) 2NH3  2Na 2NaNH2  H2

7. Nearest inert configuration of alu-
minium is 10) 2Cr  OH3 3Na2O2 2Na2CrO4  2 H2O 2NaOH

A) 2,8,3 B) 2,8 11) Mn OH 2Na2O2 Na2MnO4 2NaOH

2
C) 2,8,8 D) 2,8,18,3
8. Every atom has certain amount of  3
12) N2 SO4 6NaOH 2Al OH 3Na2SO4
3
energy called as
DAY – 4
A) Binding energy WORKSHEET – 4
B) Bond disslocation energy 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) C 5) B 6) D

7) C 8) B 9) D 10) C 11) D 12) A

C) Ionisation energy
D) Internal energy 13) B 14) D

9. The force of attraction between the DAY – 5

WORKSHEET – 5
two atoms that held together is 1) A,B 2) B 3) C 4) B 5) A 6) D
called as
7) D 8) A 9) B 10) C
A) Gravitaion
B) Chemical bond
C) Chemical reaction
D) None

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 89

 CLASS-VII_Going to VIII MPC BRIDGE COURSE

DAY – 12
DAY – 6 WORKSHEET – 12
WORKSHEET – 6
1) B 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) C
1) D 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) D 6) C
7) B 8) D 9) A 10) C 11) A 12) C
7) B 8) D 9) A 10) B 11) C 12) B

DAY – 7
WORKSHEET – 7
1) B 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) C 6) D DAY – 13
WORKSHEET – 13
7) D 8) B 9) A

1) B 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) A 6) D
DAY – 8
WORKSHEET – 8 7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 11) A 12) A,C
1) B 2) D 3) D 4) C 5) D 6) B

7) A 8) A 9) B 10) C 11) C 12) D DAY – 14

WORKSHEET – 14
B
1) A,C,D 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) B,C

DAY – 9 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) C 11) D

WORKSHEET – 9
1) C 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) B 6) C DAY – 15
WORKSHEET – 15
7) B 8) D 9) B 10) A 11) B
1) A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) C

DAY – 10 7) B 8) D 9) B 10) D
WORKSHEET – 10
1) A 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) A

7) C 8) A 9) D 10) B 11) C 12) C

DAY – 11
WORKSHEET – 11
1) A,C 2) B 3) C 4) C 5) B 6) C

7) B 8) C 9) A 10) A 11) D 12) C

NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS 90