5.

Explain each type of prestress losses

PRESTRESS LOSSES:
IMMEDIATE ELASTIC SHORTENING: - When the prestress is transmitted to
the concrete member, there is contraction due to prestress. This
contraction causes a loss of stretch in the wire. When some of the
stretches are lost, prestress gets reduced. Losses from elastic
shortening are automatically computed for tendons that are
modelled as objects.

FRICTION: Frictional loss occurs only in post tensioned beams.

Tendon force is greatest at the jacking end and decreases with
distance from the end because of the friction which occurs during
jacking between the tendon and the duct. Friction loss has two
components, including the length or wobble effect and the
curvature effect

ANCHORAGE SLIP: Slip from the anchorage setting is a user-

defined parameter. This loss is not uniformly distributed along the
length of the tendon

TIME DEPENDANT CREEP: Creep is the time dependent deformation due to

permanent force. In prestressed concrete, prestress is the permanent
force in the member, causing compressive stress at the level of
steel. Hence there is creep strain in the member.

SHRINKAGE: There is contraction due to drying of concrete and

shrinkage strain occurs in concrete. Shrinkage strain causes the
steel to lose its stretch, resulting in the loss of prestress.

RELAXATION: When the stress in steel is more than half of its

yield stress there is creep in steel also. The Force of prestressing
falls because of creep in steel. Then there is a loss of prestress.
Percentage creep varies from 1 to 5%. Creep in steel is also termed
as relaxation of steel.