I N T E R N AT I O N A L

PRIMARY
SCIENCE Student’s Book 6

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 Contents
Topic 1 Humans and animals 1
1.1 The human body 2
1.2 Major organs 4
1.3 Body systems 6
1.4 Locating major organs 8
1.5 The nervous system and the brain 10
1.6 The circulatory system and the heart 12
1.7 The respiratory system and the lungs 14
1.8 The digestive system 16
1.9 The excretory system and the kidneys 18
1.10 Essential functions of the major organs 20
Looking back Topic 1 22
Topic 2 Living things in their environment 23
2.1 Humans and the environment 24
2.2 Humans can have a positive impact 26
2.3 What can you do? 28
2.4 Feeding relationships 30
2.5 Producers and consumers 32
2.6 More about feeding relationships 34
2.7 Food chains in different habitats 36
Looking back Topic 2 38
Topic 3 Material changes 39
3.1 Reversible changes 40
3.2 Irreversible changes 42
3.3 Mixing and separating solids 44

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 3.4 Mixing solids and water 46
3.5 Investigate dissolving 48
3.6 Solutions and suspensions 50
3.7 Separating solids from liquids 52
3.8 Mixing and separating in daily life 54
Looking back Topic 3 56
Topic 4 Forces and motion 57
4.1 Measuring force 58
4.2 Weight and mass 60
4.3 More about force, mass and weight 62
4.4 Energy and movement 64
4.5 Friction 66
4.6 Air resistance 68
4.7 Reducing friction 70
Looking back Topic 4 72
Topic 5 Electricity and magnetism 73
5.1 Circuit diagrams 74
5.2 Investigate conductors 76
5.3 Conductors and insulators 78
5.4 Metals are good conductors 80
5.5 Conductors and insulators in use 82
5.6 Changing circuits 84
5.7 Changing components 86
Looking back Topic 5 88
Glossary 89

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 Topic 1 Humans
and animals

This topic deals with the internal structure and functioning of the
human body. You will learn about some important body systems and
the major organs in those systems. You will use diagrams to learn
more about where the major organs are situated in the body, and you
will find out why it is essential that these organs function well.
1

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 Key words
• structure
1.1 The human body • function

It is important to learn about the human body. If you know

what your body is made of (its structure) and how the parts
of the body work (their functions) you can take action to
make sure your body is healthy and functioning well.
Think about your own body for a moment.
Every day you breathe, you eat, you move,
you see and smell things, you think and you
go to the bathroom. We can do all these
things because our bodies work well and
different parts of the body work together
without us having to think about them.
The human body is made up of many different
parts. We can see the external parts of the
body, but we can’t usually see the
internal parts without specialised
equipment. Look at this image
of a human body.
1 What does this image show?
2 Do you know the names
of any of these internal
body parts? Show
a partner what
you know.

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 Topic 1 Humans and animals

The different parts of our bodies each have

their own special jobs, but they also have
Activities
to work closely with other body parts in
order to function. Single parts of the human
1 Make a list of the three
body cannot function on their own, so if one body parts that you think
part is damaged or not working properly, it are the most important.
affects the functioning of the whole body. Next to each one, state
eye brain why you think it is so
important.

heart 2 The human body can be

compared to a machine.
Machines consist of
many parts that work
lungs
together so the machine
can function. If one part
is faulty, the machine
may not work well.
spinal cord Make a poster with the
title: The human body –
an amazing machine.

leg
arm bone muscles 3 Look at the diagram
of a tennis player on
Workbook page 1. Label
the diagram to show
3 Discuss how a human body might be which body parts are
affected if the body parts shown above involved when you play
were not functioning. a game such as tennis.

I have learned
● The human body consists of many different parts.
● Each body part has its own special functions, but the different body parts
need to work together for the body to function efficiently.

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 Key words
• organ
1.2 Major organs • organ syste
m
Organs are parts of our bodies that are specialised to
perform particular functions. Here are some of the main
organs in your body:

eye brain
ear

stomach

lungs

liver

heart
kidneys
skin

1 What do you think the main function of each of these

organs|is? Share your ideas with your group.
All of our organs have important functions, but they also work
together. For example, your mouth, tongue, stomach and
intestines work together to help your body take in and use food.
4

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A group of organs that works together
is called an organ system. You have
already seen how groups of muscles
work together in our muscular system to
allow us to move our bodies. You have
also seen how the bones of the skeletal
system support and protect our organs.
The skeletal and muscular systems work
together to allow the body to move.
2 Which parts of the skeleton do you
remember?
3 Describe how the muscular system
and the skeletal system work
together.
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Topic 1 Humans and animals
Activities
1 What do you already know
about organs and organ
systems? Complete the quiz
on Workbook page 2 to
find out.
2 When you are investigating
the human body, it is not
always possible to carry out
fair tests to get the answers
you need. Read the questions
on Workbook page 3 and
decide which method you
would use to answer them.
3 Today, scientists use
advanced technology to
study the human body and
its functions. This technology
did not exist long ago. Do
some research to find out
how early scientists learned
about the workings of the
human body.
I have learned
● Organs are body parts that
have specialised functions.
● A group of organs that works
together is called an organ
system.
5
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 Key words
• organism
1.3 Body systems • nervous sy
stem
• circulatory
Organisms, particularly humans and other vertebrate system
• respiratory
animals, are made up of several organ systems that all system
• digestive s
work together to make sure the organism can survive ystem
and function. • excretory s
ystem
Human beings have ten important body systems
including a reproductive system that allows people to have b bi
babies. Y ill llearn
You will
more about these systems and their functions in higher grades. Here, you are
going to focus on five body systems to learn about their main organs and functions.
The five systems you will be learning about are shown and described below.
Look at the diagrams and read the labels carefully.

The nervous system The circulatory

The brain, spinal cord system
and nerves are the main The heart and blood
parts of the nervous vessels make up the
system. The brain and circulatory system.
spinal cord send and The heart acts like
receive messages from a pump to circulate
the rest of the body, blood around
including the eyes the body.
and ears.

The digestive
The respiratory system
system The stomach, intestines
Your lungs and and liver are the major
windpipe allow organs of the digestive
you to breathe in system. The food we eat
oxygen and breathe is broken down in the
out carbon dioxide. digestive system to form
Your windpipe is substances that can be
attached to your transported around the
nose and mouth. body in the blood.
6

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 Topic 1 Humans and animals

The excretory
system
Activities
The excretory system
allows the body to
1 Complete the table on
get rid of wastes. Workbook page 4 to
The kidneys filter summarise the information
waste from the blood contained in the diagrams.
and these are then
excreted in urine. The
lungs and skin are also 2 Prepare a set of cards
involved in excreting with questions and
waste. answers about body
systems. Use the
questions on Workbook
page 5 as a starting point.
1 Which body system
Add at least four questions
contains your heart?
of your own. Use your
2 Would you be able to cards to quiz your partner
see and hear without about body systems. Take
your nervous system? turns to ask and answer
Explain|your answer. questions.

3 Choose one body system.

Prepare a short talk
explaining what organs
it consists of, what it
does, and what problems
a person is likely to
experience if these organs
don’t function well.

I have learned
● Human organisms contain many organ systems.
● The nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive
system and excretory system all have special functions in the body.

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 Key words
• brain
1.4 Locating major organs • lungs
• heart
You have seen that your body contains different
• liver
systems, each with its own important organs. Now you
are going to find out where all your organs are located • stomach
in your body. You can probably easily point to where • kidneys
your brain is located, but can you point to the position of • large intes
tine
your heart or your kidneys? • small intes
tine
Study the diagrams below carefully to see where your
major organs are located in your body.

Front brain Back

windpipe

lungs

heart

liver

stomach

kidneys

large intestine

small intestine

bladder

blood vessels

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 Topic 1 Humans and animals

Activities
1 Test yourself to see
whether you know the
names of your major
organs and their positions
in the body by completing
Workbook page 6.

2 Make a puzzle or game

to teach young children
about the names of their
organs and where they
are located in the body.

3 Work with a partner to

create a ‘guess the organ’
card game. You will need to
develop the game and also
write the rules for playing it.

I have learned
● The brain is located inside
the skull.
● The heart, lungs and liver are
all located in the ribcage, and
1 Why can’t you see the whole heart in
the stomach and intestines
these diagrams?
are located in the lower
2 Why can’t you see the kidneys in the abdomen.
front view?
● The kidneys are located
3 Describe the position of your lungs. behind the abdomen in the
4 Where is your stomach in relation to lower back.
your liver?
9

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