GNED 01 ART APPRECIATION

WHAT IS HUMANITIES? exhibit what is hidden in man’s

 From the Latin word HUMANUS inner world.
meaning to be human, refined, and  The social need for display,
cultured. celebration and communication- It
 To be human - show is not enough to express his inner
characteristics of rationality, world through his art, he needs to
benevolence and care. share it and convey it to others too.
 To be refined & cultured - have In this way, others may know and
good manners and proper may empathize.
education.  The physical needs for functional
 Humanities are the study of man’s objects - All art is manmade. It is
expression of feelings, thought, created for us to have a better life.
ideas and values.
 The expression of ourselves CATEGORIES OF WORK OF ART TO
without using words. CONSIDERED TO BE GREAT
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF  Bestselling - it is popular in its day
HUMANITIES or produced by an artist who has
1. Human nature is inherently done other very popular piece.
beautiful  Ground breaking - that it doesn’t
2. Human potential for growth and follow regular convention or
development is virtually unlimited already tried the common artistic
3. Reality is defined by each person methods.
4. Individuals are free and capable of  Inherently beautiful - the work of
making choices art have an inner beauty and
5. Individuals have an urge for self- emotional/initiative meaning that
actualization ate unified, strong and deeply
6. Individuals have a responsibility to moving to us.
both themselves and to others DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF
OTHER RELATED FIELDS IN ART
HUMANITIES I. BY AUDIENCE
 Anthropology 1. Performing arts - something an
 History artist use his/her body as a
 Literature medium.
 Philosophy Example: play, operas, mime, dance,
 Religion ballet
 Sociology 2. Visual arts - usually exist in two
dimensional form and stay in one
 Visual and Performing Arts
place. Something we see and
ART
hear.
 Latin word ars/artis meaning to do
Example: painting, photography,
or made skill.
drawing, films, sculpture, mosaic,
 Medium of expression because poetry, music
through arts we express our ideas,
emotions, feelings, without using 3. Literature - talks about the
words. language that affects our
WORK OF ART imagination.
 A thing or a beauty having Example: poetry & prose
aesthetic value.
 It must have artistic/literary merit 4. Sculptural - a three dimensional
Examples: Spolarium, The form that we can touch and see.
Last supper, Mona Lisa. Example: Monument, Architectural
FUNCTION OF ARTS Designs, Installations
 The human need for expression-
the need to express, to show, to
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II. BY CRITICS 5. Curve Line – shows a gradual

1. Major Arts/Fine arts - music,
literature, sculpture, painting, dance,
theater, photography.
2. Minor Arts or Applied arts -
ceramics, furniture, weaving
a. Pure arts - to satisfy the audience.
Example: Watching Movie
b. Practical art - with a purpose,
something useful. Example: chairs &
tables
III. BY AN ARTIST
1. Sight art – something that you can
see, imagine and create.
Example: painting, photography,
mosaic etc.
2. Sound art – something that you
can hear.
Example: Literature, poetry, plays
and music.
3. Touch art – something that you
can feel or touch.
Example: sculpture, curving, wood
craft.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
I. COLOR (HUE) – gives meaning,
value and intensity and saturation
to an object.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
COLORS
1. Primary colors – pure
colors: red, blue,
yellow.
2. Secondary colors:
combination of two
primary colors: green,
orange, violet.
3. Intermediate colors –
one primary and one
secondary: yellow
green, red orange etc.
4. Tertiary colors- two
secondary colors.
II. LINE
1. Vertical Line –basic framework
of all forms, power, strength
and stability.
2. Horizontal Line – creates of an
impression of serenity, rest
and calmness.
3. Diagonal Line – shows
movement and instability.
4. Jog Line – shows violence,
zigzag, confusion and conflict.
change of direction and
fluidity.
III. MEDIUM- It denotes the means of
artists to express his ideas. The
materials that an artist used.
(Pls. refer in ppt that I gave.)
IV. RHYTHM – pattern, arrangement
of lines, color and synchronization
or connection of path.
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS
 Emphasis – the composition
refers to the developing points of
interest which catches the viewer’s
eyes.
 Balance – it is a sense of stability
in the body of work. The weight of
the object. There are two types of
balance: symmetrical and
asymmetrical.
 Rhythm – the pattern or flow of
lines achieve through repetition.
 Unity – the all parts of the work is
equal a whole. The completeness
as a whole.
ARTIST AND HIS MEDIUM
1. Visual – that can be seen and can
occupy space.
Ex. Painting and drawing
2. Auditory – that can be heard.
Ex. Music and literature
3. Combined – both can see and hear at
the same time.
Ex. Opera, performing arts, theatre,
dances.
PAINTING
 The practice of applying paint,
pigment, color in a medium such
as canvas, wood, glass, walls,
paper, concrete.
HISTORY OF PAINTING
 It is originated in France and was
introduced in the Philippines by the
Spaniards during 17th century.
 The African, Islamic, Indian,
Chinese, Japanese have a
significant influence in western art
and vice versa.
 The oldest paintings are at the
Grotte Chauvet in France. It was
discovered 1994 and the painting
was about 32,000 years old.
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The example of the painting that the artists. It is how the artist feels
was discovered was rhinoceros, about the subject.
buffalo, horns, and mammoth. Example: The Scream by Edward
 The earliest evidence of painting Munch in 1892
has been discovered is at Arnhem 5. Symbolism - the visible sign of
Land in Australia. something invisible such as ideas
PURPOSES OF PAINTING or quality. Something that you can
create in the mind such as ideas
1. Painting commemorates historical that can be depicted through
events. painting.
2. For recognition of religious 6. Futurism - an art movement that
activities. originated in Italy in the early 20th
century. Machine and motions is
ELEMENTS OF PAINTING the main subject of this technique
1. Color which tries to show movement and
2. Line speed of the society.
3. Perspective 7. Fauvism - the painter try to paint
4. Proportion picture by using bright and extreme
5. Texture colors in order to assume positive
6. Rhythm characters.
DIFFERENT MEDIUMS IN PAINTING 8. Dadaism - a post-World War I
1. Oil cultural movement in visual art as
2. Pencil well as literature (mainly poetry),
3. Watercolor theatre and graphic design. It
4. Charcoal shows a movement that shock and
5. Tempera provokes the viewers.it doesn’t
6. Fresco follows the traditional norm in arts.
7. Pastel
8. Acrylic SCULPTURE- comes from the Latin word
9. Mosaic sculpere meaning to carve, to cut or
10. Crayon remove pieces.
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
HISTORY OF SCULPTURE
1. Realism - to describe things
represent figures and exactly how • Egyptian Sculpture – characterized
they look like in real life. by sculptures from stone placed on
Example: sunset, sunrise, and tombs. EXAMPLE: SHABTIS
nature
2. Surrealism - It is used to • Greek Sculpture- Greece is the
emphasize the unconscious place of artists, philosophers,
creative activity of the mind. Mostly warriors and athletes. Greeks are
violent and cruel. lovers of the human body;
- Man’s inner therefore most of their works are
mind/world. human figures, usually of their
Example: Dreams gods and goddesses.
3. Cubism - It shows the flatness of
the picture and rejects traditional • Roman Sculpture –Roman
perspectives. Usually used sculptures deducted the human
geometry shapes such as cone, body and concentrated on the
sphere, cube, cylinder etc. bust of the head part of the
Example: Guernica by Pablo human figure.
Picasso • Byzantine Sculpture- Common
4. Expressionism - tries to express subjects during this era are Biblical
subjective feelings and emotions of characters and the image of God.

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• Romanesque Sculpture – is a involves using a mold to produce a

continuation of the Byzantine era 3d figure. Example: sand-casting,
where almost no difference in casting and lost wax casting.
subject is observed (biblical
subject). MEDIA OF SCULPTURE
• Gothic Sculpture –Sculpture were 1. Stone – natural medium.
meticulous on the garments worn
 Can last for many years
by their figures.
 Marble as the most
• Renaissance Sculpture- was the beautiful stone for sculpture
Golden Era of Arts and this period  In Romblon can find some
brought back the adoration of the of the most beautiful
human body introduces by the
marble.
Greeks. Nude Sculpture is fine
example of this Era 2. Wood – natural medium.
 Wood varies in
• Baroque Sculpture- Bernini’s hardness and durability
works such as the Ecstasy of St depending on the kind
Teresa which focuses on human of tree.
emotions of love, pain and
 Weaknesses: the moist
suffering are main features of this
era. can cause to rot, fire
and termites.
TYPES OF SCULPTURE (marupok)
3. Metal – used for tensile
1. Free-standing sculpture, sculpture
that is surrounded on all sides, strength, ductility, and
meant to be viewed from any malleability. Ideal metals:
angle. Stainless steel, Bronze and
Brass.
2. Bas or Low Relief – slightly
4. Plaster – ground gypsum
embossed or raise.
mixed with water and poured
3. High relief – almost half of the into a mold.
figures project from its 5. Terra cotta (cooked earth) –
background. baked clay.
 Weakness – fragile
4. Kinetic sculpture - involves aspects 6. Glass – made by heating and
of physical motion. cooling a combination of sand
and soda lime.
THE PROCESS OF CREATING
SCULPTURES ARCHITECTURE - An art of designing
building and other structures.
1. SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS – the
process involves removing or  Structures come from simple
cutting away pieces. shelter to high rise structure.
2. ADDITIVE PROCESS – this
process is putting together bits of CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE
the materials. Example: modelling
1. Post and lintel- oldest
and assembling (welding).
construction system and most
3. Process of Substitution – also
house built on this principle
known as casting. This method

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MEDIA/MEDUIM
1. STONE- Used for the durability
and adaptability but difficult to
transport.
2. Lumber/ Wood - all parts can be
constructed using wood except the
foundation. Disadvantage:
MARUPOK
3. IRON and Steel - most
important innovation in
architecture. Used for much
2. Arch –
complex and taller, stronger
Voussoirs - blocks
structures.
Keystone- locks the voussoirs

PHOTOGRAPHY - An art or
process of producing images
through the use of a light sensitive
chemical or film.

THREE BASIC STYLES OF

PHOTOGRAPHY
1. LANDSCAPE – a picture of
sceneries or environment.
2 principle of Arch:  An outdoor
 Barrel Vault (refer to photography
the ppt that I have Examples: sunset, building,
given to you) mountains, forest etc.
 Groin Vault 2. PORTRAIT - a picture of a
3. Dome - Series of arch person and animal.
Example: Mosque  It is important to show
an emotion.
3. DOCUMENTARY –
straightforward and accurate
representation of people,
places, events and objects.
 Presents facts without
changing anything.
 Good documentary
photographs make you
wonder what the story
4. Truss - triangular in forms. (Refer
is behind the
to the ppt)
photograph.
5. Buttress - support for the walls
(Refer to the ppt) MODES OF PRODUCTION
EXAMPLE: water dams
1. Amateurism photography- practice
photography as a hobby and not for profit.

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2. Commercial Photography – paid

for images rather than the work of
art.
Types of Commercial
Photography
1. Advertising Photography – made
to illustrate, usually to sell a
service or product.
2. Fashion and Glamour
Photography – fashion
emphasizes the clothes or
products. Glamour the model
him/herself.
3. Crime Scene Photography -
photographing scenes of crime
such as robberies and murders. A
black and white camera or an
infrared camera may be used to
capture specific details.
4. Food Photography - it can be
used for editorial, packaging or
advertising use. Food photography
is similar to still life photography,
but requires some special skills.
5. Editorial Photography-
photographs made to illustrate a
story or idea within the context of a
magazine. These are usually
assigned by the magazine.
6. Photojournalism- Photographs
made in this context are accepted
as a documentation of a news
story.
 Usually used in news
 (spontaneous, not planned)
7. Wildlife Photography - it
demonstrates life of the animals.
8. Portrait and Wedding
Photography - photographs made
and sold directly to the end user of
the images.

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INSTRUCTOR 1