1.

[6 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑘.
Find the values of 𝑘 so that 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 has no real roots.

Markscheme
METHOD 1 – (discriminant)
correct expression for 𝑔 (A1)
eg −(−𝑥 ! + 4𝑥 + 5) + 𝑘 , 𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 − 5 + 𝑘 = 0
evidence of discriminant (M1)
eg 𝑏 ! − 4𝑎𝑐, Δ
correct substitution into discriminant of 𝑔 (A1)
eg (−4)! − 4(1)(−5 + 𝑘) , 16 − 4(𝑘 − 5)
recognizing discriminant is negative (M1)
eg Δ < 0 , (−4)! − 4(1)(−5 + 𝑘) < 0 , 16 < 4(𝑘 − 5) , 16 − 4(−1)(5) < 0
correct working (must be correct inequality) (A1)
eg −4𝑘 < −36 , 𝑘 − 5 > 4 , 16 + 20 − 4𝑘 < 0
𝑘 > 9 A1 N3

METHOD 2 – (transformation of vertex of 𝐟)
valid approach for finding 𝑓(𝑥) vertex (M1)
"
eg − !# = 2 , 𝑓′(𝑥) = 0

correct vertex of 𝑓(𝑥) (A1)

eg (2, 9)
correct vertex of −𝑓(𝑥) (A1)
eg (2, −9)
correct vertex of 𝑔(𝑥) (A1)
2 0
eg < = + < = , (2, −9 + 𝑘)
−9 𝑘
recognizing when vertex is above 𝑥-axis (M1)
eg −9 + 𝑘 > 0, sketch
𝑘 > 9 A1 N3

[6 marks]

2. [7 marks]
Solve log $ (2 − 𝑥) = log%& (13 − 4𝑥).

Markscheme
Note: The first three A marks are awarded for correct application of log properties,
including with incorrect expressions, and in any order.
correct application of change of base (accept any base) (A1)
'()! (%+,$-) '()"# (!,-) '()! (!,-) '()(%+,$-)
eg '()! %&
, '() $ , '() $ , '() %&
"# $

correct numerical value (A1)

%
eg log $ 16 = 2, log%& 4 = !

correct application of 𝑟 log 0  𝑎 = log 0  𝑎1 (A1)

eg log $ (2 − 𝑥)!
correct equation without logs A1
eg (2 − 𝑥)! = 13 − 4𝑥, (2 − 𝑥)$ = (13 − 4𝑥)! , 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 ! = 13 − 4𝑥
correct working A1
eg 𝑥 ! = 9
𝑥 = −3 A2 N2
[7 marks]
3a. [2 marks]
Let b = log2 a , where a > 0 . Write down each of the following expressions in terms of b.
log2 a3

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)
eg 3log2 a
log2 a3 = 3b A1 N2

[2 marks]
3b. [2 marks]
log2 8a

Markscheme
correct working (A1)
eg log2 8 + log2 a, log2 8 = 3
log2 8a = 3 + b A1 N2

[2 marks]
3c. [2 marks]
log8 a

Markscheme
correct working (A1)
'() # %
eg '()$  2, +log2 a, b log8 2
$ 

"
log8 a = + A1 N2

[2 marks]
4. [7 marks]
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥 ! + 𝑞𝑥 − 4𝑝, where p ≠ 0. Find Find the number of roots for the equation
𝑓(𝑥) = 0.
Justify your answer.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of discriminant (M1)
eg 𝑏 ! − 4𝑎𝑐,   𝛥
correct substitution into discriminant (A1)
eg 𝑞! − 4𝑝(−4𝑝)
correct discriminant A1
eg 𝑞! + 16𝑝!
16𝑝! > 0    (accept  𝑝! > 0) A1
𝑞! ≥ 0    (do not accept  𝑞! > 0) A1
𝑞! + 16𝑝! > 0 A1
𝑓 has 2 roots A1 N0

METHOD 2
y-intercept = −4p (seen anywhere) A1
if p is positive, then the y-intercept will be negative A1
an upward-opening parabola with a negative y-intercept R1
eg sketch that must indicate p > 0.
if p is negative, then the y-intercept will be positive A1
a downward-opening parabola with a positive y-intercept R1
eg sketch that must indicate p > 0.
𝑓 has 2 roots A2 N0
[7 marks]

5a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑥 = ln3 and 𝑦 = ln5. Write the following expressions in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
3
ln <+=.

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)
eg     ln5 − ln3
3
ln <+= = 𝑦 − 𝑥 A1 N2
[2 marks]
5b. [4 marks]
ln45.

Markscheme
recognizing factors of 45 (may be seen in log expansion) (M1)
eg     ln(9 × 5), 3 × 3 × 5, log3! × log5
correct application of log(𝑎𝑏) = log𝑎 + log𝑏 (A1)
eg     ln9 + ln5, ln3 + ln3 + ln5, ln3! + ln5
correct working (A1)
eg     2ln3 + ln5, 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
ln45 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 A1 N3
[4 marks]
6a. [2 marks]
Given that 24 = 8 and 25 = 16, write down the value of 𝑚 and of 𝑛.

Markscheme
𝑚 = 3, 𝑛 = 4 A1A1 N2
[2 marks]
6b. [4 marks]
Hence or otherwise solve 8!-6% = 16!-,+ .

Markscheme
attempt to apply (2# )" = 2#" (M1)
eg   6𝑥 + 3, 4(2𝑥 − 3)
equating their powers of 2 (seen anywhere) M1
eg   3(2𝑥 + 1) = 8𝑥 − 12
correct working A1
eg   8𝑥 − 12 = 6𝑥 + 3, 2𝑥 = 15
%3
𝑥= !
   (7.5) A1 N2
[4 marks]
Total [6 marks]
7a. [2 marks]
Consider the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 10)! + 15 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.
Write down the coordinates of the vertex.

Markscheme
vertex is (−10, 15) A1A1 N1N1
[2 marks]
7b. [2 marks]
The graph of 𝑓 has a 𝑦-intercept at −20. Find 𝑎.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 𝑓(0) = −20, −20 = 𝑎(0 + 10)! + 15
𝑎 = −0.35 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]
7c. [2 marks]
Point P(10, 𝑏) lies on the graph of 𝑓. Find 𝑏.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 𝑓(10), −0.35(10 + 10)! + 15
𝑏 = −125 (accept 𝑓(10) = −125) A1 N2
[2 marks]

8a. [2 marks]
Show that (2𝑛 − 1)! + (2𝑛 + 1)! = 8𝑛! + 2, where 𝑛 ∈ ℤ.

Markscheme
attempting to expand the LHS (M1)
LHS = (4𝑛! − 4𝑛 + 1) + (4𝑛! + 4𝑛 + 1) A1
= 8𝑛! + 2 (= RHS) AG
[2 marks]
8b. [3 marks]
Hence, or otherwise, prove that the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers
is even.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognition that 2𝑛 − 1 and 2𝑛 + 1 represent two consecutive odd integers (for 𝑛 ∈ ℤ)
R1
8𝑛! + 2 = 2(4𝑛! + 1) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG

METHOD 2
recognition, eg that 𝑛 and 𝑛 + 2 represent two consecutive odd integers (for 𝑛 ∈ ℤ) R1
𝑛! + (𝑛 + 2)! = 2(𝑛! + 2𝑛 + 2) A1
valid reason eg divisible by 2 (2 is a factor) R1
so the sum of the squares of any two consecutive odd integers is even AG
[3 marks]
9a. [2 marks]
Explain why any integer can be written in the form 4𝑘 or 4𝑘 + 1 or 4𝑘 + 2 or 4𝑘 + 3, where
𝑘 ∈ ℤ.
Markscheme
Upon division by 4 M1
any integer leaves a remainder of 0, 1, 2 or 3. R1
Hence, any integer can be written in the form 4𝑘 or 4𝑘 + 1 or 4𝑘 + 2 or 4𝑘 + 3, where 𝑘 ∈
ℤ AG
[2 marks]
9b. [6 marks]
Hence prove that the square of any integer can be written in the form 4𝑡 or 4𝑡 + 1, where
𝑡 ∈ ℤ6 .

Markscheme
(4𝑘)! = 16𝑘 ! = 4𝑡 M1A1
(4𝑘 + 1)! = 16𝑘 ! + 8𝑘 + 1 = 4𝑡 + 1 M1A1
(4𝑘 + 2)! = 16𝑘 ! + 16𝑘 + 4 = 4𝑡 A1
(4𝑘 + 3)! = 16𝑘 ! + 24𝑘 + 9 = 4𝑡 + 1 A1
Hence, the square of any integer can be written in the form 4𝑡 or 4𝑡 + 1, where 𝑡 ∈ ℤ6 .
AG
[6 marks]
10a. [2 marks]
Consider the quadratic function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥(𝑞 − 𝑥), where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are positive integers.
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) passes through the point (6, 0).
Calculate the value of 𝑞.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
0 = 𝑝(6)(𝑞 − 6) (M1)
𝑞 = 6 A1
10b. [2 marks]
The vertex of the function is (3, 27).
Find the value of 𝑝.
Markscheme
27 = 𝑝(3)(6 − 3) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of the vertex (3, 27) and their 𝑞 into or
equivalent 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥(𝑞 − 𝑥) or equivalent.
𝑝 = 3 A1
Note: Allow follow through from part (a).