Researh Paper of Mental Health of Nurses

University of San Agustin
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
A phenomenological study
of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal
In partial fulfilment
for the requirements
in
Practical Research 1
LOUHRENCE LORIEGA
Lead Investigator
Co-investigators
TYRON BARILLO
RODAN GENESELA
EZRA JAMES JALECO
MICHEAL JAPITANA
PAUL LIM
MS. MONA V. PICO

Adviser
A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background...........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 State of the Problem..............................................................................................................................3
1.3. Research Gap........................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Scope and Delimitations of the Study....................................................................................................4
1.5. Significance of the Study......................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE..................................................................7
2.1. Introduction of the Literature Review...................................................................................................7
2.2. Conceptual Literature...........................................................................................................................7
2.3. Related Studies.....................................................................................................................................9
2.4. Synthesis.............................................................................................................................................14
2.5. Theoretical Framework.......................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................................16
3.1 Research Design..................................................................................................................................16
3.2. Context and Participants.....................................................................................................................17
3.3. Research Instrument/s.........................................................................................................................18
3.4. Data Collection...................................................................................................................................19
3.5. Data Analysis.....................................................................................................................................20
ii
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The nursing profession has come a long way from the days
when nurses were considered nothing more than handmaidens to
doctors. Today, nurses are an integral part of the health care team.
Nurses are present in every community, large and small, providing
expert care from birth to death. Nurses' responsibilities range from
direct patient care and case management to developing quality
assurance procedures and directing complex nursing care systems.
And for the past two years they were under drastic pressure and
workload because of the COVID – 19 that hit almost 200 countries
around the World.
According to BG Gohar, ML Larivière, NY Lightfoot, CE
Larivière, EH Wenghofer, and Behdin NK (2021), sickness
absenteeism is a concern in nursing, and it is even more concerning
given the recent effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare.
Anliu Nie, XF Su, SZ Zhang, WJe Guan, and JF Li (2020)
conducted the research.
The epidemic on the frontlines may be in severe physical and
psychological distress. This psychological distress was primarily
1
described as sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression symptoms,
post-traumatic stress, inability to make decisions, and even somatic
symptoms.
The disease's rapid spread posed challenges for healthcare
systems and forced healthcare workers to deal with clinical and
nonclinical stressors such as a lack of personal protective
equipment, mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, and
fear of bringing the virus into the hospital. Nurses were subjected to
harrowing situations while caring for demanding COVID-19
patients, causing significant psychological and physical distress.
According to Heather Hall's research, receiving proper support from
their organization and society could significantly improve their
situation (2020). Johannes H. DK, MK Grindle, SA Munoz, Liz
Ellis, Rob Polson, and CM O’Malley all contributed in the study.
Inconsistencies in findings and lack of data collected outside of
hospital settings suggest that researchers should not exclude any
groups when addressing psychological well-being in health and
social care workers. While psychological interventions to improve
individual resilience may be beneficial, it is clear that occupational
and environmental factors must be addressed to build a resilient
workforce.
2
1.2 State of the Problem
This study seeks to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the Mental
Well-being of nurses from Guimbal, Iloilo, Specifically, it aims to answer
the following research questions
1.What are the experiences of the nurses from Guimbal, Iloilo during
the COVID-19 pandemic?
2.What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-
being of nurses in Guimbal?
1.3. Research Gap
This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
mental well-being of nurses from Guimbal Iloilo over the last two years.
The research gap was obtained by providing answers to the research
questions and identifying the terms associated with the issue of the
lifestyle changes of nurses—the review of related literature to identify
relevant publications associated with the study. Through this, the
researchers will be able to identify issues which are the lifestyle changes
of the Nurses from Guimbal, Iloilo, and how the pandemic affected their
health over the last two years.
3
1.4 Scope and Delimitations of the Study
The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the COVID-
19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses in Guimbal, Iloilo. It will
primarily focus on the respondents' experiences over the last two years and
how these experiences impacted their mental health. It should be noted
that the present study does not cover anyone that doesn’t belong to the
said study because it will not be applicable to them. Hence, it cannot be
used to generalize people or organizations outside of the respondent group
because it will cause a conflict between the researchers and the
respondents. This study will be conducted at the University of San Agustin
during the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022, it will
involve 10 nurses from Representative Pedro g. Trono Memorial Hospital.
5 of them are male and 5 of them are female. The said respondents are all
in their early 30’s to late 40’s and are all full time professional
The researchers picked Representative Pedro G. Trono Memorial
Hospital’s nurses as the target respondents because of the availability and
convenience of the said respondents. Since Representative Pedro G. Trono
Memorial Hospital is one of the best performing hospitals in the provincial
side of Iloilo and is a government-backed hospital.
4
1.5. Significance of the Study
This study focuses on portraying the benefit of the finding of the
study. The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:
1. Nurses: It will help them acquire knowledge on how to improve or
change their lifestyle to reduce their psychological distress and mental
distress during their work.
2. Patients: will benefit from the study because they will become
aware of the experiences and situations that the nurses handle in the
hospital and the impact on their well-being. As a result, they will have a
better understanding of the nurses' situation and will be able to deal with
the nurses more pleasantly.
3. Doctor: Doctors will benefit from the study because they will
become more aware of the situations that nurses are in and the impact on
their health. As a result, they will have a better understanding of the
nurses' situation and will be able to guide the nurses through their work.
4. Hospitals administrators: This study will help the hospital
administrators better understand the situation of the nurses and if they are
aware of the situation of the nurses and the problems they are facing, they
can provide a healthy environment in the hospital by starting a program
that can address the mental well-being needs of the nurses.
5. Department of Health: The Department of Health will benefit
from this study since they are the upper heads of the healthcare system
5
here in the Philippines. DOH can take something from this study like
adjusting the workloads of the healthcare workers, giving them non-
stressful schedules to balance their health physically and mentally, and
because they are the one who makes the healthcare system move they may
take something from this study to make the healthcare system run smooth
and fluidly.
6. Future Researchers: this study would help the student researchers
to be aware and knowledgeable of the situation that the nurses are
experiencing and the impact on their health due to the pandemic. It would
help them to be a better analyst and it can be a help as a future reference
for more studies in the future.
7. Student Researchers: This study allows Student researchers to
learn something, hone problem-solving skills, challenge new things, and
learn about people and why they do the things they do. Best of all, we get
to enrich our lives by learning.
6
CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE
2.1. Introduction of the Literature Review
Frontline nurses during the emergency phase of Covid-19 may be
vulnerable to psychological disorders that can jeopardize mental health.
As a result, all professionals involved in the prevention of psychological
disorders should be guaranteed daily surveillance and monitoring of
symptoms, as well as targeted support interventions. According to Riedel1
et al, (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated healthcare workers in
ways that the general public may find difficult to understand. Employees
who have experienced COVID-19 traumas should be covered by
healthcare corporations for mental health treatment. Institutions should
remind nurses and other health care providers that they are not alone, that
there is hope, and that seeking help and giving time will improve mental
health. It is common to feel isolated and hopeless during the COVID-19
pandemic due to isolation and social distancing.
2.2. Conceptual Literature
The COVID-19 Pandemic, an unidentified pneumonia outbreak,
was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019.
Pneumonia cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
by epidemiology. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization
declared a pandemic due to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and
7
thousands of deaths from coronavirus disease, which resulted in a
formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally
(COVID-19). To date, the world has paid a high price for this pandemic in
terms of human lives lost, economic ramifications, and increased poverty.
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed many lives and poses an
unprecedented threat to public health, food systems, and the workplace.
Millions of businesses are threatened with extinction. The pandemic has
decimated jobs and threatened millions of people's livelihoods. Millions of
women’s and men's food security and nutrition are jeopardized.
A nurse is a patient's caregiver who assists in the management of
physical needs, the prevention of illness, and the treatment of health
conditions. Nursing connects a patient's health care journey. Throughout
the patient experience, nurses work tirelessly to identify and protect the
needs of the individual. Responsibilities can range from making an
emergency treatment decision and the ability and drive required to be a
nurse are the key unifying characteristics in all roles. Nurses are best
placed to take an all-encompassing view of a patient's wellbeing due to
long-term monitoring of patients' behavior and knowledge-based
expertise. Regardless of the infectious environment, nurses ensure that all
patients receive high-quality care. They will remain on the front lines of
8
patient care in hospitals and actively involved in community evaluation
and monitoring.
We all know that COVID-19 caused a lot of havoc in everyone’s lives.
In the early waves of the COVID-19, there were lots of questions and
worries about how can we handle and take care of ourselves. The COVID-
19 spike affected not just normal people’s lives but more the front liners
who faced and battled COVID-19 leaving everything behind for the sake
and safety of everyone. The COVID-19 battle for the nurses was a very
gruesome and life-risking task. They put their lives on the line just to keep
the cases balanced. The nurses were not just physically tired but they were
also mentally and spiritually tired. There was a glimpse of hope since
vaccines were approved for rollout and this made everything easy and was
a big sigh of relief for our nurses.
A positive state of mind and mental well-being denotes psychological
and emotional well-being. that a person is cognitively capable and
emotionally in a productive and fulfilling way. Well-being encompasses
physical, mental, and social domains. Due to COVID-19
2.3. Related Studies
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was initially reported to
the WHO Country Office in China on December 31, 2019. It has grown to
9
218 countries and territories worldwide, as well as two international
vessels (Worldometers, 2020). As of January 8, 2021, 216 countries and
regions are involved, and 88,499,863 instances have been confirmed. This
includes 1,906,693 deaths and 63,610,687 people who recovered (World
Health Organization, 2020). Indonesia is one of the impacted nations, with
797,723 confirmed cases as of January 8, 2021. 659,437 individuals have
been recovered and 23,520 verified deaths (Ministry of Health of
Indonesia, 2020).
The overwhelming number of cases is the greatest obstacle, and our health
care systems are being tested. In the impacted nations, limited hospital capacity,
insufficient numbers of face masks and personal protective equipment, a scarcity
of ventilators, caregiver tiredness, and difficulties with quick and diagnostic tests
have become problematic (Djalante et al., 2020; Gunawan, Aungsuroch, & Fisher,
2020; Tanne et al., 2020). Leaders face complexity, ambiguity, and uncertainty in
decision-making (Djalante et al., 2020) as a result of the fast-shifting situation,
lack of specialist understanding of the evolving novel disease, and the constant
discovery of new information on a local and global scale.
The WHO designated 2020 as the year of the nurse long before the COVID-
19 epidemic. The year of the nurse is fitting because nurses are the primary heroes
in the fight against COVID-19 because of their crucial responsibilities in testing,
10
treatment, and containment of the virus (Visagie, 2020). In response to the
outbreak, nurses are on the front lines and are willing to give their lives to care for
others. As of October 28, 2020, the International Council of Nurses has confirmed
that 1,500 nurses in 44 countries had perished from COVID-19 (ICN, 2020).
Without the critical role nurses play in diagnosis, treatment, and containment, the
response to COVID-19 would cease.
At the time this publication was prepared, the majority of COVID-19 studies
were conducted in China, where the pandemic first emerged. We searched
PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to review the literature on the
experiences of nurses during COVID-19. We collected two publications, both
from China, that investigate the experiences of health care providers during the
COVID-19 epidemic; they were published in April 2020 in online journals. To the
best of our knowledge, only media publications exist in the United States
describing nurses' experiences caring for COVID-19 patients, and no scientific
publications were accessible at the time we wrote this review.
In China, qualitative phenomenology research of nine nurses and four
physicians studied the experience of fighting COVID-19.
Three themes emerged from the researchers' telephone conversations with
these subjects. The first theme, "being entirely accountable for a patient's well-
11
being—'this is my duty," describes the responsibility to offer care. The second
focus was "working in COVID-19 wards and its problems." In the study, nurses
and physicians indicated difficulty coping with their anxieties of contracting a
disease or infecting family members, their helplessness in dealing with patients'
deteriorating health, and the depletion of PPE supplies. Regarding the third
theme, "resilience in the face of adversity," nurses and physicians shared their
mutual support and coping strategies.
The second qualitative, phenomenological study, also conducted in China,
explored the psychological experiences of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.
The researchers questioned 20 registered nurses and discovered four themes:
(1) a considerable number of negative emotions in the early stage; (2) coping and
self-care techniques; (3) growth under pressure; and (4) the simultaneous or
gradual occurrence of happy emotions with negative emotions. In the early stages,
these nurses were anxious due to their lack of understanding of the virus and their
concern about infecting their families. They also discussed the sense of teamwork
they felt with their fellow nurses, as well as how their appreciation for life and
sense of professional responsibility as nurses contributed to their growth and
positive feelings about the experience.
12
Resilience is a well-researched concept in nursing and has been studied
among a variety of demographics, including nursing students, nurse shift workers,
and critical care nurses.
The ICU's high-pressure environment exacerbates burnout symptoms such as
moral distress and compassion fatigue. High perceived burnout is connected with
stressful job demands, posttraumatic stress disorder, and workplace bullying
among critical care nurses, whereas social support, self-efficacy, and a sense of
well-being aid to build resilience.
The establishment and maintenance of a healthy work environment mitigate
burnout symptoms among nurses in intensive care units. Nurses should be
encouraged to advocate for systemic change, innovate, cooperate with other
doctors who share their values, and act as change agents. Certain personality traits
that are prevalent among critical care nurses, including perfectionism, difficulty
setting limits, pessimism, competitiveness, and mistaking self-interest for
selfishness, contribute to an increase in feelings of burnout. The use of creative
arts (music, art, dance, and writing activities) in the workplace is recommended to
increase critical care nurses' well-being and resiliency.
On December 8, 2020, a search was conducted in the databases PubMed,
CINAHL, and WHO COVID-19 (Global research on coronavirus disease
13
(COVID-19) 2020). A systematic search was done to find all peer-reviewed and
original empirical qualitative studies applicable to the research objective
(Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry, 2016). In each of the three chosen databases, the
search technique consisted of a building block search conducted using the PEO
framework. The citation pearl search was undertaken on the Web of Science
(WOS) to evaluate the significance and relevance of listed articles and to
guarantee that all relevant papers were included. WOS compiles all referenced
references for the citation search and includes citation indexes for each reference
list. The years 2019–2020 were selected to ensure that no relevant material was
overlooked, given the virus was initially discovered in humans in December 2019
in China, despite the outbreak not being made public until January 2020. (World
Health Organization 2020).
Health care administrators should prioritize assessing the level of dread among
nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent mental health issues
or psychological impairment. We highlighted crucial criteria that may assist
health care administrators in creating effective public health initiatives to reduce
the fear felt by Saudi Arabian nurses. Future research should concentrate on
therapies to enhance nurses' coping strategies in response to novel scenarios, such
as the COVID-19 pandemic.
14
2.4. Synthesis
1. the research objectives of the related studies and our research are
similar as they are both trying to learn about the mental state of nurses and
trying to reduce stress and burnouts?
2. both our research and related studies used qualitative research
designs as we sought the answers to why and how the mental health pf
nurses are getting affected during the pandemic
3. both the related studies and our research have similar participants
which are nurses but the related studies also included physicians?
4. there is a difference of the methods used by the related studies and
our research because the related studies conducted surveys and met with
the nurse’s face to face while our research made use of google forms and
zoom to conduct a contactless interview
5. there are also differences in our instruments, our research
conducted interviews through the use of online conferencing apps such as
zoom, google forms and messenger while the related studies used
researchers studying the working environment of the nurses in person
2.5. Theoretical Framework
Covid-19 Pandemic Mental Well-being
15
Independent variable Dependent variable
If we look into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental
well-being of the respondent on our research, in our study the independent
variable is the Covid-19 pandemic, and the dependent variable, the
possible effect of covid-19 pandemic’s physiological and emotional
aspects that a person is cognitively capable and emotionally in a
productive and fulfilling way. Well-being encompasses physical, mental,
and social domains. COVID-19 will greatly affect them negatively. The
first analyses of the various consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic
show that the risk to nurses’ psychological well-being is particularly high.
As the pandemic and the demands imposed on nurses are not yet fully
understood, there is a need to seek buffering factors to protect nurses’
psychological health. In line with the earliest evidence, we hypothesize
pandemic-related increases in perceived stress and decreases in the
frequency of flow experiences, likewise in satisfaction with work, life,
work performance, and well-being. As protective factors while dealing with
pandemic-related stress, we suggest an individual’s sense of humor and
perceived appreciation.
16
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
The phenomenological method is a type of qualitative research
design. The researchers chose this type of design because this will help the
research to aim and comprehend and characterize the universal essence of
a phenomenon (According to Anon). The researchers will use
phenomenological methods to understand and describe the experiences of
nurses in Guimbal during the COVID-19 pandemic data for this study.
(According to Wirihana, et al 2020), Colizzi’s phenomenological method
focuses on the Participant’s experiences and feelings, rather than
individual attributes, in order to identify shared patterns. This scientific
approach ensures the authenticity of the collected experience of
participants to adhere to scientific norms. This is where The Researchers
can study the data and build their assessment of the experience. During
this process, data analysis is also advanced, and additional data is
frequently collected and analyzed to broaden and deepen the scope of the
research. This process continues until the researchers fully comprehend
the experience.
17
3.2. Context and Participants
This study will be conducted at Rep. Pedro g. Trono Memorial
Hospital in Guimbal, Iloilo during the second semester of the academic
year 2021-2022. The target respondents will come from nurses working at
Representative Pedro g. Trono Memorial Hospital, Guimbal, Iloilo. A
convenience sampling technique will be used in the study. The number of
participants that will be counted in this study will be exactly 10 persons. 5
of them are male and 5 of them are female. The said participants are all in
their early 30s to late 40s and are all full-time professionals. The
participants were picked using convenience sampling and responded to an
online survey, ages 30-40 years to get our data regarding our studies. Due
to the COVID-19 epidemic, researchers use convenience sampling, which
is a sort of sampling in which the first available primary data source is
used for the research with no extra restrictions. In other words, this
sampling strategy entails gathering individuals wherever they can be
found, which is usually anywhere it is convenient. Before subject selection
in convenience sampling, no inclusion criteria were defined.
3.3. Research Instrument/s
This study is a qualitative research design to gain an understanding of
Nurses lived experiences in the Mid of Covid 19 Pandemic. Qualitative
18
researchers can have established rapport with participants, thus making
them comfortable throughout the interview process. Qualitative
interviewing was prove useful because it provided an in-depth
understanding of Nurses in Their Covid 19 Experiences.
The Researchers utilized in-depth interviews to explore the participant’s personal

experiences, wach interview was conducted in Zoom Meeting will be used by
both the interviewees and the respondents during the said interview and lasted
between 15-50 minutes. Which gave participants a sufficient amount of time to
discuss their experiences especially respondent interview utilized to elicit open-
ended responses from participants.
3.4. Data Collection
Data were collected from nurses from Guimbal, Iloilo at
Representative Rep. Pedro G. Trono Memorial Hospital l will be given an
informed consent form if they are willing to be part of the research
conducted by the researchers the form will be sent via google form and if
they agree, they will be signing the consent form. The Informed consent
form and the data that they will be sharing with the researchers will be
treated with the utmost confidentiality. Interviews were conducted by the
researchers. Because of the risk of COVID-19 transmission, video or
audio interviews were used. The researchers will conduct interviews
through the use of online conferencing apps like Google forms, Zoom
meeting, and messenger app. The researchers will choose nurses aged (30-
19
40) nurses Guimbal. In the first stage, the aim and content of the study
were explained. In the second stage, individual interviews were conducted
with each participant. It was made certain that both the participant and the
interviewer were alone and in a quiet area for the interviews. If a question
was difficult to understand, the question will be repeated. In the third
stage, the interview will be recorded with the consent of the respondents.
Unstructured interviewing is a type or method of data collection in which
the researcher or interviewer can freely move the conversation in any
direction of interest that may come up during the interview. Open-ended
questions are used in unstructured interviews to obtain qualitative data.
This allows the reply to go into further detail and use their words. This
allows the researchers to bring closure to the participant’s comprehension
of a circumstance. The researcher will interview each
respondent/participant guided questionnaires. The researchers will also ask
for additional information that would satisfy the needed data for the study.
After the interview, the researchers will thank each respondent/participant
and will identify, determine and compare the data collected for this study.
3.5. Data Analysis
Data analysis summarizes all the collected data, which involves the
interpretation of data gatherer through the use of analytical and logical
reasoning to determine patterns, relationships, or trends (Anon,2022, page
20
1). The system of data analysis that the researchers are going to follow/use
is the content analysis since researchers want to know and determine the
mental impact on the nurses for the past 2 years during the pandemic on
the nurses around Guimbal. Content analysis is a type of analysis that is
within the given qualitative data. The researchers want to use this kind of
data analysis because our qualitative data has been collected through
interviews and observation. The researchers will conduct a thorough
interview with the participants, and it will be executed with the guided
questions that we prepared. The researchers will also do a complete
observation of the experiences of nurses.
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University of San Agustin

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MS. MONA V. PICO

A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal

A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal

when nurses were considered nothing more than handmaidens to

Nurses are present in every community, large and small, providing

expert care from birth to death. Nurses' responsibilities range from

direct patient care and case management to developing quality

assurance procedures and directing complex nursing care systems.

workload because of the COVID – 19 that hit almost 200 countries

around the World.

According to BG Gohar, ML Larivière, NY Lightfoot, CE

Larivière, EH Wenghofer, and Behdin NK (2021), sickness

absenteeism is a concern in nursing, and it is even more concerning

given the recent effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare.

Anliu Nie, XF Su, SZ Zhang, WJe Guan, and JF Li (2020)

conducted the research.

The epidemic on the frontlines may be in severe physical and

psychological distress. This psychological distress was primarily

A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal

described as sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression symptoms,

post-traumatic stress, inability to make decisions, and even somatic

The disease's rapid spread posed challenges for healthcare

systems and forced healthcare workers to deal with clinical and

nonclinical stressors such as a lack of personal protective

equipment, mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, and

harrowing situations while caring for demanding COVID-19

patients, causing significant psychological and physical distress.

According to Heather Hall's research, receiving proper support from

their organization and society could significantly improve their

situation (2020). Johannes H. DK, MK Grindle, SA Munoz, Liz

Ellis, Rob Polson, and CM O’Malley all contributed in the study.

Inconsistencies in findings and lack of data collected outside of

hospital settings suggest that researchers should not exclude any

groups when addressing psychological well-being in health and

social care workers. While psychological interventions to improve

individual resilience may be beneficial, it is clear that occupational

and environmental factors must be addressed to build a resilient

A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal

1.2 State of the Problem

This study seeks to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the Mental

Well-being of nurses from Guimbal, Iloilo, Specifically, it aims to answer

the following research questions

the COVID-19 pandemic?

2.What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-

being of nurses in Guimbal?

1.3. Research Gap

This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the

The research gap was obtained by providing answers to the research

lifestyle changes of nurses—the review of related literature to identify

relevant publications associated with the study. Through this, the

health over the last two years.

A phenomenological study of the daily life of the nurses from Guimbal

1.4 Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the COVID-

19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses in Guimbal, Iloilo. It will

how these experiences impacted their mental health. It should be noted

said study because it will not be applicable to them. Hence, it cannot be

used to generalize people or organizations outside of the respondent group

because it will cause a conflict between the researchers and the

respondents. This study will be conducted at the University of San Agustin