..

. _:\ ~\1 f
o '<-"oJ~,r-r J
1,
r: Prin ted Pagcs-5
16 (CH-881) TRPH
- .·\ .
\c\ 2 0 1,5
( \ \,)
.. TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
\~ l
Pa.per : CH-881
~
'I Full Marks : 100
;
Time : 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks
for the questions
Answer question No. 1 and any three from the rest.
1. (a) Fill in the blanks : lx5=5
Jjf NA= JA wh,m - .
_(iif,,The
, 3-D analogous equation is - .
.., (iii) The two mechanisms of momentum
generation are - .
..•'
_(iv) - - is a non-Newtonia n fluid.
(v) The 'Hagen-P9iseuille law is - - .
(b) . State. true or false : 1 xS=~
(!f~n 1-D incorrpr~ssible flo~. velo<;ity
·.....,,- does not_ch,nge in' d1e direction of
flow. 1 · ·
~--- ---- -
/246 l P.T.O.
\i
 I r,.
)
-· ; -,
. .'
'
f

·--1 ' : ('

,I

r
., .-,•.J.r
·

'
I · .•

.;,
L ? . .. ~. f ~, ••-
(
) ~
I.[
,I ' '), • , .
,:
2. f.:iF (t is required to find the'..i'therrnal
V conductivity of an insulat ing material
. '. t'--• diffu · ·
:;(ii(Th 111.N .
· pCP
SlVlty 19 k- f
. where the temperature of a flat slab of
-. 2 5 mm of material was measu red to be
(ijiJ Convective flux is zero if there is no i·' 1· \ .-. 3 18·4 K and 303·2 K at the two aides
net velocity in the fluid. · . and the heat Dux waa measu red to be
•"
· !/-
1•~ t
'fl%
.au!I
=;.L -
' ax
f
flir7'A

2
35· 1 W/ m • Calculate the thermal
; .~·-., condu ctivity or the material . .l~,,... '\,,
flow ia defined by the Coll ~
5
f vVH~ t Dux is defined as rate of heat l e,_./ . . equati on. 1
• ,, · ,:; ·.
5
J transfer per unit volume. ~ . '
U = i(2X!,1 +j(x- ~ +k(y-2XJ,A
'' Is the flow incompressible? Show.
/
2xs-1 0 '
(cl ~swer briefly : t.!J}/ The~e are two parallel elates some
·, · distan ce . apart. Between the plates,
~Wh at ia the difference between 24 •c. The lower plate
'/ · J • ' · .: water is used at _
· ~NA andJ A?W hena rethe y~·
is being pulled at a consta nt velocity
JirWbat is the significance of 0·4 m/ sec Cas_ter relative to the top
anisotropy in heat transf er? Name plate. How far apart should the two
one anisot ropic substa nce/ plates be placed so that the shear
rrial.·. i 0
L 'hstres s, t is 0·3 N/m ?
2
5
~ What d? you under stand ·by 't 'fl% in (g)..,.,.. A mixtur e of He and N2 gases is
momentum trans( er? Show r/ · contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm
diagra m as well. °:',, '~ota l pressu re which is consta nt. At one
·end of the pipe at point _A(l), the partial
I •
@? What . is
expression
tl:le mathematical
for log-m ean-ar ea?
pressu re PA; of He is 0·6 atm and the
other end A(2) at 0·2 m, PAi = 0 · 2 atm.
. ~ is it used? Calcul ate the flux of' ·J:le at steady state
Jy{_ ~ow. would you know wheth er a -~ if DAB of . the He-N 2 mixtur e is .
flow is incompressible or not? What
is the mathe matica l expres sion?
0 · 687 xl0-4 m 2 /s. ·
·-
._s ,, ·;- '' · rz_;_
(e) What do you unde_rstand by Newtonian
(tciJ )-Prove
V
that DAB = DBA. · Specify the · .
condit ions under which this occurs.
j /246 .

fluid? Draw . a rheograrn to repres ent , . .·

differe nt types of fluids.
3·
5
I P.T.O. ~)
1-- pc:'J) " - r
.·
. f'nntrl
 ,,
. .,__ .i
3. ~ (a} J Wi th pro per exa mp
les, explain the
V phe nom ena of hea t,
ma ss and
mo me nt:um tran spo rt by
mo lec ula r
mechanism.
10
(b} / -rite momentum tran sfe
r equ ~tio n in
~ 3-D in ten sor relation
for an
inco_mprcssible fluid is
t =-µ (VU +(V Uf}
Wr ite down the com pon ent
s of the
equ atio n in arr ay form. Also wri
te down
all the equ atio ns rep res ent ed
by the
arr ays. If the flow is 1-D in x dire
ction,
wh at would be the rep res ent ativ
e arr ays
and als o the equ atio n for 1-0
flow? 15
4. (a) Fro m th~ pro p~r tv bal anc e
equ atio n,
derive the Navie'r-Stokes equ atio
n. Give
the var iou s com jlOnents of thi s
equ atio n
in cyl ind rica l cc ord ina te sys tem
. 10
1 ,-1
'1!?] / · A double-_p ane windQw con sis ts
of two _
gla ss · she ets ea :h o( are a 1
m 2 and
thi ckn ess O·O 1 m sep ara ted by
a 0·0 5 m
thi ck sta gna nt air spa ce. At ste
ady sta te
the room tem peratu re is 27 °C
and the
o~t sid e tem per atu re is O °C.
Ca lcu late
the rat e of flov , of hea t thr
oug h the
win dow pan e a 1d the oth er
inte rfa ce
tem per atu res .
15
/24 6 > l Co ntd .
►-------
<» ~
 ii( : . / .

.. . \\ ~·:
~
•. •
: Ii._ :_. '
,· . )• ·.
•
' r .-.-. •. • . '. I
• .I
•
ure distribution in the
S. Calcu!ate the temperat
steel wire (lirich OD)
if electrical current
e of 2x to 7 Jm -3s-• .
generates he at at th e rat
wire is maintained
· The'outside surface of the
wire the mean
;., at .30 °C. • For . steel
- 1K~ 1. Also derive
~nductivity is 17·3 Wm i.;· · / · .
the equation you used.
l.lt
" '
I ,- . . ·, ,,r;. , ' f ·3, • . •• 25
, , . ' I• , /" ,(
, IIlaJwnum veloeity
6. Find th \ •elbctty prome
a fluid Oowing
and averag~ velocity for
ta11y. Mention all
•,.,.. through a pipe lying hori1.on
,
so derive . the
- i"i..:{•~ ll88Umptions made. Al
ff&&en-Poise~ille law. 25
***
·..... , .,
· \ ,p..· '~ ...
It
~
...
·-;.,:~:
o..:I
::-'
. ·-·· \·
--, -.. .. ....... ___~ :..~- _. ... .
. , ......... ,:; ,
~
, - .••··
iJ
 7,Jn ) Derive the equation for rn ass trnn1:> fe r
fo r a 2-0 flow in x - y direetlon when
the denRity und di ff\-t slon co-efficien t 111
Tota l number of printed p aqes - 6 .J ). I
comiklered conolfl nl o.nd there 18 no 16 (CH 88 1) TR.PU
chemical rcncllpn I.e. , no gcncrnllon
!M int : Stn.rl from the genera_l property ~OlG
bnJance equation for' an Incompressible
nowJ 10 TRANSPORT P1U?NOMENA.
~ FIil in the blan ks w!~ proper term11. Fu ll Mark4 : l 00
r -·
•
Tna.aport nu
10 Time : Three hours
• Ccnera.t
FIWI \lnlta Ottru,lvtty
Gradient
The /lgure• In th• margln fnd tca te
Hent /uU mark, /or tM q1'utfona.
•
MM 8
•
Momentum ' An8Wor quostton J and GI\J four from Cho ro~t.
\....l-(' (a) Say true or false : l A5=S
(i) Conduction i8 d~c lQ mQkcu lSJ r
h eat trannp-0rt. r
(it) Wood ia an itiotropic ma terial.
~r
(iii) Log mean area ~ 2JrL (,1 - ~1~
/ ...nr a
l" riJ ' 1
·\\J~ ~,. (iv) Convective flux i3 zero if there is
~o net velocity of the flow. f
(u) rJP'. .. -
au
µ :.::..JL ✓
ax( ·,
~
,.!
16 (CH 88 1) TRPH/O 6 I
100
Omtd .
I \
~
_A.
,,..
· ~
 J}JY
I
Fill in the blanks : ,1 X5=5
!
2. (a) Derive the relationship betwee n part ial
(i) The unit of mass diffusivity is pressure and molar flux for an ideal
!· gas. What wo\,lld be this relationship . l
I for real gases ? 5 l
(ii) @AB = <]/)BA for - - ·
.. - (iii) The 3-D analogus equation 1s
(b) Calculate the temperature distribution
in a steel wire (O.D. 2·54cm) if electric I
--·
I'
current generates heat at the rate of
J{
, (ivj · NA=JA when ___ · 2x1O7 Jm-3 s- 1 . Tqe outer surface of
. X the wire is maintained at For steel 30°C.
r- (v) . The continuity equation states that
,"v\r-,-\ .wire the mean thermal conductivity
r'
M Answer briefly : 2 x5=10
1 1
17·3 Wm- K- . What is the maximum
temperature ? Draw the temperature
'1
I
... (i) Define heat flux. What are the two profile. 15
mechanisms of heat generation ?
.~ (W--There are two parallel plates some
(ii) What is the "Power Law ?" Give its distance apart. Between the plates there
significance. is water at 24°C. The lower plate is
(iii) What is the m 'omentum trans fer pulled at a constant velocity of
equation in tensor notation ? Why 1
0·4 msec- faster rel~tive to the upper
is it a tensor relation ? plate . How far apart should the two
I (iv) What is th e
not heat transfer ?

c o mpl icacy
encountered in mass tran s fer and
plates be placed so that the shear stress
r is 0·3 Nm- 2 ? 5
(v) _What is the 'H.agen-Poiseuelle (bY Calculate the heat loss per m 2 of ·
Law'? Does it hold for ~U types of surface for an. insulating wall of a cold
fluid? star.a ge room where the outside
\,:~
temperature is 300K and inside rooi:n
( '
~ · i .
16 (CH 881) TRPH / G 2
16 (CH 881) TRPH/G 3 Contd.
i
,·
. ~ :•\ ., ~\
'-
G~
 ~
te m p is
✓Derive t
2 ·5 4 rn.m of
2 7 7
co
K.
rk
T
b
h e wall is .m
o a rd
a d e of
h av in g th er m al . •
th e N av ie r- S to
v e c to r . n o ta . ke~ ~
t
co n d u . ti o n . fr o m tnt•
ct iv it y o f 0 ·0 4 3 3 Wm- tK 1 p ro p e rt y b a la e ~
- . 5 n c e equati.on. ~
.J 4 A flow in re c
t'hre e e q u a ti o n s cqrrespond
· ~~ ~
ta n g u la r co o rd in at es .t h .i.ng
is re e d ir e c ti o n s in cy
g iv en. b y . U =
(x y )+ j (2yx
i 3 2
z).
I
c o o rd in a te s. li n o .
J9f.
ls th e flow co
. C O2 g a s is d
m
if

p
fu

re
_
s

ss
in g

ib le
th

.
ro u g h N in
5 /. D er iv e a n •e q
w .h. e n a fl u id
p la_te s m a k in g
u a
fl
ti
o
o
w
n
s
fo
b
r
e
th
tw e
e velocicy p ro
e n tw o p a ra ll
me
on e · d ir ec ti o n 2 an an el
a t a tm o sp h e ri c (S ta te a n y g le 0 w it
.
h th e v e rt ic a
a n d te m p e ra p re ss u re -a s s l. ·
tu re · .1 5 °C . T h e u m p .t io n s n :i a d e w
fr ac ti o n ·m o ie re q u ir ed ). Als h e re
o f C O o fi n d th e m a x im u m v e lo
2 a t .p o in t A is c it y ._·
p o in t 0 ·2 a n d • ·
B , 3 m aw ay in th e d ir
d if fu si o ec ti o n of 6. H e a t is g e n e ra 20
n it is O ·O 1 9 5 . T h e co n c~ n tr te d w
g ra d ie n t ·is co at io n p ar ti cl e b e c a u it h in a sp h e ri c a l c a ta
n st an .t o v er se o f c h ly s t .
. · th e d is ta n c e p ar ti cl e is e m ic a l re ac ti o n . T
a n d d if fu si . 8 m m in d ia he
v it y is 1 ·5 x 1 0 - 5 m 2 s- 1 . m e te r, h a s th
g a s p h a se a The c o n d u c ti v it y e rm a l
s a _w h o le is o f 0 ·0 0 3 c a l c m - 1s- 1x- 1
st at io n ar y i.e . h a s a su rf and
N is ~ li ff u si ac e te
2 n g a t th e sa m e ra te m p e ra tu re of 3 0 0 "' C
a s th e g en er at io n of h . Th~
C O2 b u t ·in e a t -d ec re a se s
th e o p p o si th e c e n tr e of li n ea rl y to w a
te direction. W h a th e p ar ti rd s
is t d e c re a se in cl e b e c a u se o f th
th e m o la r th e a m o u e
fl u x of C O2 re a c ts .· T h e n t o f m a te ri a l
1n g e n e . th a t ·
K m ol m - 2 s -1 . ?.. ra ti ? n is g iv e n
67·5 r/ r by
y & S h o w th e an al o g y
5 0 ca
g en er at io n of
l se c- 1
~m - 3
. A ss u m e
th a t . th e
and b et w ee n ll ea t, m h e a t is ex ac tl y b a la n c e d
m o m e n tu m . Anc:l finally a ss th e lo ss of. h .by
d ra w th e e a t a t th e su rf a c e . D
an al o g o u s eq u th e te m p e ra e te rm in
a ti
too . Tha.t
o n . Prove dimensi
onally te m p e ra tu re .
tu re p ro ii k a n d th e m a x im e
th ey ar e an al o g o u s . um
10 20
16 (CH 88 1) TR
PH / G 4
16 (CH 881) TR
PH / G 5
C on td .
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~- r.fl
?~ 'a ~
.,>i; s
0 ~ ~<;-'
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j
A
,..otal num ber of prin ted pag es-9
.,,
~O ~..... G
16 (CH 881 ) TRP H
.' 201 9
TR AN SPO RT PH EN OM EN A
( Full Mar ks : 100
Tim e : Thr ee hou rs
The ftg uru fn the mar gin ind icat e
ful l ma rks for the que stio ns.. .
Ans wer Question (1} and any thre e from the
. rest :
1. (a) Pick up the corr ect ans wer : · lx5= 5
(I) · Con tinu ity equ atio n is - .
(i) mas s bala nce equ atio n
(ii} mom entu m bala nce equ atio n
(iii) both mas s and mom entu m
bala nce equ atio n
(i.v) .non e of thes e.
(II) The unit of volumetric diffusivity is -
2
{i) cm / sec
{ii) cm/ sec
3
{iii) cm / sec
(iv} 2/ 2
cm sec .
Con td.
 ·.. ~ on e is ot ro pi c an d on_e·
j
(Ill} Te ns or is _ 7tiiL--/ Na· .rn et opi·c m at en·at . W h t · ·
· an. 1s.o r an ce in he at tra a 1s its
or de r sy ste m. ·
(i.) zer o s1 gn t 6lC ns fe r ?
,;(;) Na rn e . tw o m ec
(i.i) fir st
(iii) sec on d
✓-·, ~a ~i sm s of
mo rn en tu rn ge ne ra tio n.
· ,:. /w ha t is th \
(iv) thi rd Y ' ;~ co un te re ed d~tnffi. cumltyom.th at is
en tu m
(!VJ He at flu x is a _q ua tra ns fe r bu t no t in he
nt ity . at or m as s
(i.) sc ala r tra ns fe r?
{v) W he n is Lo g m ea n ar ea
(ii) ve cto r ap pl ie d.? .
(iii ) ten so r
Gi ve its fo rm ul a.
(iv ) No ne ·of the se (vi) . Wh~t: ·do yo u un de
rs ta nd by NA
I an d . JA ? W he n ar e th
(VJ Th e La w of Co ns erv ati on is ey sa m e ?
-
}
(i) In pu t+ Ac cu mu lat ion =O utp
ut
jPiifA 4-c.:m . th ic k ho m og en ou s sl
ab
+ Ge ne rat ion · wh os e th ~r m al co nd
uc tiv ity is
(ii) In pu t+ Ou tp ut =A cc um ula 0.1 9W m- 1x- 1 ha s its
tio n tw o fa ce s ·
+ Ge ne rat ion m ai nw in s at 38 °C an d
41 °C . Its
(iii) In pu t + Ge n.e rat ion = Ou
+ Ac cu mu lat ion
tp ut he at flux !!.
;_ A
(iv) In pu t-G en er ati on = Ou tp
ut + ~ W ha t 1s th e re lat io ns hi p
Ac cu mu lat ion . be tw ee n
m as s flu x an d pa rti al pr
es su re of
co m po ne nt A? W he n
(b) An sw er br ief ly: is ·t hi s
2x l0 =2 0 re lat io ns hi p .ap pl ic ab le
?
ft) W ha t is th e im po rta nG e of th e
/
stu dy of Tr an sp or t Ph en
JYeY Pr o.v~ th at in ·o ne -d im en sio
na l flow, .
om en a? velOC1ty do es no t ch an ge
in ·th e flo w
dh ec tio n.
·
16 (CH 881) TR PH /G
2 16 (CH 881) TR PH /G
3
Co ntd .
 '$' ~ ..-, '%.
~ ~t
I
'r· ~-
'qi \~~
~ ~;;, ~,-\ ,.... ...p.
,t
\
~ rJl ...)(1) 0
\
._
t ~
fl Write down the thre e ·mol ecul ar ·
tran spor t equa tion s and state wha t i$ 0.01 95. The conc entr atio n grad ient
is con stan t over the dist ance and
each term stan ds for.
diff usiv ity is l·Sx 10-5 m 2 s- 1.N is
2
(qJ Write dow n the tens or equa tion (3-D) .diffusing at the sam e rate as the CO ,
v' for mom entu m tran sfer . Exp ress each 2
tenn in the matr ix form and also give but in oppo site dire ction . Wha t is the
the resp ectiv e equa tion s wha \ happ en.s mol ar flux of CO2
in Kmo l nr2 ~ 1•
whe n in one- dime nsio n. Give the ·m atrix 5
and the equa tion also . 15 . (c) A cold stor age room is cons truc ted of
·
an inne r laye r of l2·7 mm of pine woo d,
~ ) Calc ulat e the tem pera ture distr ibut ion . a midd le laye r of 101 ·6mm of cork boar d
in a stee l wire (2·54cm OD) if elec tric
and an oute r laye r . of 76·2 mm of
curr ent gene rate s heat at the rate of · conc rete . The .wal l surf ace tem pera ture
2 X 10 7 Jm -3 s- 1 • The oute r surf ace of the is 255· 4 K insid e cold room .
and 2W K
at the oute r surf ace•· of the conc rete . ·
wire is main tain ed at 30° C. For stee l ·
the mea n the:r,m~l con duc tivit y is The ther mal con duc tivit ies · of the .
mate rials are given below. Calc ulat e the
l 7·3Wm:"1K- 1 . Wha t is the max imu m . · hea t · loss in Wat ts for 1 ml and the
tem pera ture ? tem pera ture_ at · the inte rfac e Letweeri
10 the pine woo d and ·cotk boar d. ·
3. (a) Wha t is the 'Pow er Law ' with rega rds Mat eria ls The rma l .Con dac ttdt y ·
to type s of fluid s ? How canit repr esen t
vari ous type s of flui ds ? · Dra w a (~-lK~l)
rheo gtam to show the beha viou r of 1. . Pine woo d 0·15 1 .
vari ous type s of fluid s. 5 2. ·Cor kboa rd 0-04 33
(b) CO2 gas is diffu sing . thro ugh N . in
2
3. Con cret e 0-76 2 ·
one dire ction at atm osph eric pres sure
Tl- ~12·7 _.
and tem pera ture at 15°C. The mole · -· lOl&ru,t
2 .
frac tion of CO2 at poin t A is 0·2 and at 255-4K Pinewood . Corkboard ·. ~ T .
~7·2 K
poin t Bwh ich is 3m awa y mole -frac tion
10
16 (CH 88-lY,TRPH/G 4 16 (CH 881) TRP H/G · \ 5 Contd.
9J
 ....
(d) Sho w that the velo city U sati
Equ atio n of Con tinu ity at ever
exce pt the orig in for a fluid
den sity .
of

sfy
y
con

the
poin
stan
5

t·
t

(II) _If the sam e ~ux ~ -in par t ll) cnb.

face 2 wJu ch 1s mai ntai n-..a
. . --. a"
100 °c, ftnd the flux at face 't, li
ther e is a unif orm gen erat ion wi1hin

'
~-~
. 4x . 4y the vol ume of 1·5 x 106 ·Jm.-a..s- 1 .
U =l + J - --
X2 + y2 X2 + .y2
(III) Ass umi ng stea dy stat e con diti ons
of
par t (11} find the tem per atur e prof ile ·
4. Find the velo city prof ile (vel ocity dist ribu tion ) if face 2 is at 100 ° C. 15
of the flow of a New toni an flui d thro ugh _an
ann ulus . T.he oute r radi us of the inne r
is 'i and the inne r radi us of the lal'g er
tub e
tµbe
y Prov e tha t hea ~·, ma ss and mo me
· · tran sfer are all ana log ous phe nom
ntu m
is r2 • Also find the max imu m velo
ena
city and and can be r~p res ent ed by an
the volu met ric ·oow rate . and the
ave rage ana logo us equ atio n. Giv e the ana log ous
velo city . ~
25 equ atio n in 1-D and 3-D tran sfer . .
rs'
\J (a) A cop per bloc k with leng th
. 10c m is . 10
J insu late d on all side s exc ept its face 1
and 2 perp end icul ar to the x--directi'on 6. (a) . _Der ive the N-S equ atio n
. from the
The ther mal con duc tivi ty _of Cop per -is pro per ty bal anc e equ atio n. Usi ng the
·
N-S equ atio n, solv e the Cou ette flow
380 Wm - 1K- 1 and
its hea t cap acit y is pro blem to find the velo city dist rib~ tion
0-09 3ca l gm -Ix- I and spec ific grav o( the fluid.
ity
is 8·91 . The are a of face 1 and 2 is
. [ Hints· ➔ The geo met ry ·con sist s ·of th.e
6cm.2 . lam ina r tan gen tial · flow of an
(I} Find the hea t flux if face · l and 2 inc om pre ssib le flui d bet we en tw~
are mai ntai ned _a t 0° C and 100 ° C vert ical co-a xial cyl ind ~ the out er one
resp ecti vely . rota ting at an ang ula r velo city (I) l
15
16 (CH 881) TRP H/G
6
· 16 (CH 881) TRP H/G 7 Con td._
I I
I
 ~ E'
.,,s•
I
f :;)(a
"' e.
&- ~~'"'" ;:,~
~
r ""·g . -e ~~.,;::::.
............................ ........ , ..
I ,'
c:.> .... ~;:,-
~ ~
\.:.~
/) 1 (11
'J.ua.& ..,
~ j1fJ Wha t are the two most comm on
~ ~
mech anism s of heat transf er ? What are
they know n as in heat trans fer terms ? ·
, ,, ..... a. .... :_i~ ~ ~ )
,.--;'(~)
u!!!.. ?, .... ,,..,r-
('-IS) ,
(A)
,, . u.S
- · · · ·1:!!!.
· --il"IMl1 . . . . u~
,., •.
Calcu late the therm al condu ctivit y and ,....;. .: ~+u. ~~u. ~+U, ~•-i(~ •1,•.. (~•~• ~}
(B)
therm al diffus ivity for an insul ating · ·
• .....-
u!!!.._.!(~
.... + u·!!!..
"+ u!!!..
., !!!, , ,, ♦
-'~ +,,.
~+!!!
h",) '
• . .. ,, ... , . . . . ., . . .
(q
mate rial for whic h the follo wing . C,..,W .....
inform ation is availa ble : r -~ ,· !!&-+ ,.,,,
, .u..!!&-.. .·a.
Y.!!!.:.u ,
!!!,_~
.. ,,..
i (a.) .
a'U • IU y a'U ..JU) ·
JyarL a'II (D)
~ +1, ♦ Y7'+;=-;-•{;! •;,~--,,=f# ♦ Y~
1" ~-;
Test samp le ➔ by lft 2 ,.
2 • .
.-.-,!!! ,.
. r+u.!! 'a+~!! !a+u~ +~
,
. I a. ~ ,.,u JU.). •~ -i,,,u ~
·-;;~• ~ ...-.,-•,~ .-~;, •rw•,s°ii•·"'"ii"
(E)
..1T acros s samp le ➔ 3°C
' ....,_. . !!!.
"'
+II.•!!!.
at
+~!!a+ II !!!..
, ,. . • Ii .
Heat fl.ow · ➔ 25·32 k,J in a 10 hour test
.
. · 1 a. • · a>u ,. au . ,. ~u- aJu.
--· -::L+,. ...~+-=-=
,,. r r -,.+,,=-a
~ , a-+,=-=. ,. (F)
at stead y state.
3 · · au ,u. (,u. )au
~ ~---2
u au+ .....;&... =-=i- ·IP. · 1 +,.+-
a. ,, ~ ,
. au)~
~=
Samp le densi ty ➔ 0·15g m/cm : · ~.... -: ·=+u=
a,
+!:!=
• ar . , H - • ·~ , , II at r ar
au,:)~,,.i..r.T
.I~) "~) -,,-
i -(~
Samp le heat capac ity ·~/\Vii••
a( ,.
( __:!_ hU,
1 1 _2,,~ -~ ' ~ )i~
• -\,Jiii, ~ lG)
➔ 0·3kc al 1cg- K- . ;Iae ,.-
e-..,....mc ~.u~+ .!!.!!!.+f_g._)('U.)+~- ~-•
, . ·
2+8= 10 a, • ar · , ae '-'•• ~ ,
IE-- 1ft -➔I --~! ... +?(~ (.a~) )+(,. ~.)(! (-•~) )+~) 9:.
♦. 2Y ~ ' - 'ti;>- a;'.e\
, !!!a
a. (H)
,. (7iiir.J
,, ~..: .\
a, • Ir .~~.
.--: ~.u.~ _ . \!!!.:.
, a,(;~• , a. . . ._•
~.u,u
-~~!;..)~• .. •~(¾(~~))+ Li:..)l!(••~))..
L . . :i-.~~~ \ a'u f ...."!Y. \ f ~\ ~ (;'_:;I\ !!!i
· i} a.
.- •\?iii r.1~- ~1•\T tii"i1 a.+ .
(l)
16 (CH 881) TRPH /G 9 200
16 (CH 881) TRPH /G 8