Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assignment 3 - Colligative Prop (LEC)
Assignment 3 - Colligative Prop (LEC)
ASSIGNMENT 2
1. How many grams of ethylene glycol, C 2H4(OH)2 , must be dissolved in 200 grams of water to
produce a solution which freezes at -2.10C?
Solution:
MWeg = 24 + 4 + 2(17) = 62 g/mol
t ( ) ( ) g [ ] g
g
2. A solution made from water and a non-dissociating solute, X, contains 10.0 g of solute X
and 800 g of water. The freezing point of the solution is -0.31C. What is the molecular
weight (MW) of X?
Solution:
MW = 75 g/mol
( )
(
)
Solution:
( )
(
)
4. Calculate the boiling point of a solution that contains 1.5 g of glycerin, C 3H8O3, in 30 g of
water.
Solution:
MW = 3(12) + 8 + 3(16) = 92 g/mol
( )[ ]
( )
Tb sol’n = 100.2826 C
5. A solution of 1.04 g of unknown solute, A, in 25.3 g of benzene has a boiling point of 80.78
C. Under the same conditions, pure benzene boiled at 80.06 C .Calculate the MW of A. (kb
of benzene = 2.53 C/ molal)
Solution:
( )
MWA = 144.4444 g/mol
6. The P of water at 28C is 28.35 mmHg. Compute the vapor pressure at 28C of a solution
containing 68 g of cane sugar in 1000 g of water .
Solution:
MW(C12H22O11) = 12(12) + 22 + 11(16) = 342 g/mol
MWH2O = 18 g/mol
⁄
g ( ) g
Solution:
MW(C12H22O11) = 12(12) + 22 + 11(16) = 342 g/mol
Π [ ]( ) t
( )
Π 21 atm
8. An aqueous solution containing 1.00 g of solute X per liter has an osmotic pressure of 3.1
torr at 25C. Find the MW of solute X.
( )
MWx = 5997.4315 g/mol
Required: Tf sol’n = ?
Solution:
MWC10H8 = 10(12) + 8 = 128 g/mol
( )[ ]
( )
Tf sol’n = –0.47C
Required: yC6H6 = ?
Solution:
MWC6H6 = 6(12) + 6 = 78 g/mol
⁄
yC6H6 = 0.9162
Required: Tb sol’n = ?
Solution:
( )[ ]
( )
Tb sol’n = 83.0648 C
10. How many grams of glucose , C 6H12O6, are required to lower the freezing point of 150 g of
water by 0.75C? What will be the boiling point of the solution?
Solution:
MWglu = 6(12) + 12 + 6(16) = 180 g/mol
( )
g
wtglu = 38.9423 g
11. If 8.0 L of ethylene glycol , C 2H4(OH)2, density = 1.113 g/mL, is placed in an automobile
radiator and diluted with 32 L of water, density = 1.0 g/mL, what is the approximate freezing
point of the solution?
Solution:
wteg = 8000mL(1.113g/mL) = 8904 g MWeg = 2(12) + 4 + 2(17)
wtH2O = 32000mL(1g/mL) = 32000 g = 32kg = 62 g/mol
( )[ ]
( )
Tf sol’n = –8.3475 C
12. Calculate approximately how much methanol , CH3OH, would be needed for an automobile
radiator holding 4.0 gal to keep the radiator solution from freezing until a temperature of –
10.0F is reached?
( ) ( )
’
t g
wtmet = 6078.1878 g
Solution:
MWeth = 2(12) + 6 + 16 = 46 g/mol MWmet = 32 g/mol
FP of Methanol Solution
’ ( )[ ]
( )
Tf sol’n = –5.8125 C
FP of Ethanol Solution
’ ( )[ ]
( )
Tf sol’n = –4.0435 C
Solution:
MWeth = 2(12) + 6 + 16 = 46 g/mol MWH2O = 18 g/mol
Solution:
Glycerol Solution
MWgly = 3(12) + 8 + 3(16) = 92 g/mol Since both solutions have the
same solvent, higher m equals
( )
higher Tb
Ethylene Glycol Solution
MWeg = 2(12) + 4 + 2(16) = 62 g/mol Ethylene glycol solution has
higher Tb
( )
Solution:
Ethylene Glycol Solution
MW = 62 g/mol Since both solutions have the
same solvent, higher m equals
( )
higher Tb
Sodium Chloride Solution Sodium chloride solution has
MW = 23 + 35 = 58 g/mol higher Tb
( )
15. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution of 44.0 g of glycerol (C 3H6O3) in 500.0g of water
at 25C. The vapor pressure of water at 25C is 23.76 torr.
Solution:
MWgly = 3(12) + 6 + 3(16) = 90 g/mol MWH2O = 18 g/mol
⁄
torr ( ) torr
16. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution of 0.39 mol of cholesterol in 5.4 mol of toluene at
32C. Pure toluene has a vapor pressure of 41 torr at 32C.
Solution:
torr ( ) torr
P sol’n = 38.2383 torr
19. The boiling point of ethanol (C 2H5OH) is 78.5C. What is the boiling point of 3.4 g of vanillin
(MW = 152.14 g/mol) in 50.0 g of ethanol (kb of ethanol = 1.22 C/m).
Solution:
( )[ ]
( )
Tb sol’n = 79.0453 C
20. What is the minimum mass of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) that must be dissolved in 14.5 kg of
water to prevent the solution from freezing at -10.0F?
Solution:
MWeg = 2(12) + 6 + 2(16) = 62 g/mol
( ) ( )
’
t g
wteg = 11277.7778 g
21. Wastewater discharged into a stream by a sugar refinery contains sucrose (C 12H22O11) as its
main impurity. The solution contains 3.42g of sucrose/L. A government industry project is
designed to test the feasibility of removing the sugar by reverse osmosis. What pressure
must be applied to the apparatus at 20C to produce pure water?
= 0.2405 atm
22. In a study designed to prepare new gasoline-resistant coatings, a polymer chemist dissolves
6.053 g of poly(vinyl alcohol) in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. At 25C, the
osmotic pressure of this solution is 0.272 atm. What is the molar mass of the polymer
sample?
Solution:
( )
MW = 5443.9631 g/mol