Intelligence of

Biological systems

DISEASE DETECTOR IN BY:

PLANTS USING BHARADWAJ
ARTIFICIAL ANUGRAH NAMBIAR
NANDA KISHORE
INTELLIGENCE AYYAPPA SWAMY
ANUPA SAJIKUMAR

PROFESSOR/GUIDE:
MURALIDHARAN
CONTENT
abstract
Introduction
existing system
proposed system
architecture
convolutional neural system
modules description:
1. Methods of Detection and diagnosis of plant disease
2. Preliminary Diagnostic Equipment
3. Eliminating insect Damage and Abiotic Disorders
4. types of pathogens
5. symptoms
6. signs
conclusion
future work
abstarct
The project presented plant leaf disease detection using deep learning
techniques for automated vision systems used in agricultural fields.
Plant diseases are an important factor as they result in a serious
reduction in the quality and quantity of agricultural products.
We propose a deep learning-based approach that automates the process
of classifying the leaves diseases. In particular, we make use of a
convolutional neural network to classify image datasets.
The preliminary result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed
approach even under challenging conditions such as illumination, complex
background, different resolution, size, pose, and orientation of real
scene image.
INTRODUCTION
They look the same and almost similar. In case the farmer makes wrong
predictions and uses the wrong fertilizers or more than the normal dose
(or) threshold or Limit (every plant has some threshold fertilizers spraying
to be followed), it will mess up the whole plant (or) soil and cause enough
damage to plant and fields.

Traditionally, the Identification of plant diseases has relied on human

annotation by visual inspection and the agricultural production cost can
be significantly increased if plants diseases are not detected and cured
in their early stages using the CNN model.
So, to train a model by a given image dataset with classify the disease
type of leaves.

EXISTING SYSTEM
Leaf disease detection plays a vital role in the agricultural field.
However, It requires huge manpower, more processing time and
extensive knowledge about plant disease. Hence, machine learning is
applied to detect disease in plant leaves and is considered for
classification.
The morphological features and properties like color, intensity and
dimensions of the plant’s leaves are taken into consideration for
classification.
It presents an overview of various types of plant disease and
different classification techniques in machine learning that are used
for identifying diseases in different plant leaves
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
We planned to design a deep learning technique so that a person
with lesser expertise in the software also be able to use it
easily.
It explains the experimental analysis of our methodology and
uses the CNN technique.
Samples of different plant leaf images are collected that include
different plant diseases like Aster Yellows, Clubroot, Leaf
blister etc.
A different number of images is collected for each disease that
was classified into database images and input images.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING ADVANTAGES OF EXISTING
SYSTEM SYSTEM

It has not focused on the identification of mulberry
leaves.
It has not focused on increasing the recognition rate
and classification accuracy of the severity of leaf
diseases.
There is a lack of disease area segmentation and
classification.
Increasing throughput and reducing subjectiveness
arising from human experts in detecting plant
diseases.
It is essential to detect a particular disease. In our
country, many farmers are not so educated to get
correct information about all diseases.

ARCHITECTURE
CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
In deep learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of
artificial neural networks, most commonly applied to analyze visual
images.
A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a Deep Learning algorithm that
can take in an input image, assign importance to various objects in the
image and be able to differentiate one from another. The preprocessing
required in a CNN is much lower as compared to other classification
algorithms.
It is well known for its widely used applications of image and video
recognition and also in recommender systems and Natural Language
Processing (NLP). However, the convolutional neural network is more
efficient because it reduces the number of parameters that makes it
different from other deep learning models.

INTERNAL BLOCK OF CNN

MAIN STEPS TO BUILD A
CNN Convolution
the first layer to extract features from the input
image and it learns the relationship between
features using kernel or filters with input images.

ReLU stands for the Rectified Linear Unit for a

non-linear operation. The output is f(x) =
ReLU Layer max(0,x). We use this to introduce the
nonlinearity to CNN.

it is used to reduce the number of parameters

by downsampling and retaining only the valuable
Pooling Layer information to process further.
Max pooling
average and sum pooling

we flatten our entire matrix into a vector like a

Flattening vertical one. so that it will be passed to the
input layer.

we pass our flatten vector into the input Layer.

Fully Connected We combined these features to create a model.
Finally, we have an activation function such as
Layer softmax to classify the outputs.
 MODULES DESCRIPTION
Training module:
Feature Extraction extracts all the images of leaf
i.e. input.
Feature selection performance disease
classification from the disease database.
Disease database contains all the various diseases
of the leaf.
Thousands of different leaf datasets will be trained.

METHODS OF DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF PLANT DISEASES

detection:
The action or process of identifying the presence of
something concealed.

Diagnosis:
The identification of the nature of an illness or other
problem by examination of the symptoms.
Preliminary Diagnosis Equipment
hand lens clear glass/ jar

A hand lens is often The glass jar is used for the

necessary to see the fungal bacterial streaming test.
growth on a lesion.

sharp knife
plastic container
The knife is used to make
cross-sections of the stem The storage container
tissue. Clean the knife after becomes a moisture chamber
each use with a tissue or for inducing fungal growth
cotton ball soaked with from infected tissue.
rubbing alcohol.
ELIMINATING INSECT DAMAGE AND ABIOTIC DISORDERS
Plant pathogens causing diseases.
Insects are damaging the plant.
Environmental factors, often referred to as abiotic disorders. The symptoms for these health
problems are often very similar.

A good approach to the identification of plant disease is to begin by deductively eliminating insect
damage and abiotic disorders as possible alternative causes.
INSECT CAUSED DISEASE

caterillar disease

leaf scale sooty leaf

MOISTURE CAUSED DISEASE

Manganese(Mn) deficiency

disease due to excess water

Potassium(K) Deficiency

drought stress

FEW NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

ABIOTIC DISORDER

sunscald damage for pepper fruit

freeze damage sun burn for plant

PESTICIDE PHYTOTOXICITY
2,4-D herbicide damage to litchi Metribuzin Herbicide Injury to Tomato
TYPES OF PATHOGENS
To diagnose plant diseases effectively, it is necessary to understand the biology of the microorganisms
that cause them: fungi, bacteria, and viruses.

Fungi:About 85% of plant diseases are caused by fungi. These are multi-celled microorganisms that
may be seen without a microscope during certain stages of their life cycles.

Bacteria:Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms that are so small they can be seen only with a
powerful light microscope. Most plant pathogenic bacteria do not produce spores.

Viruses:Viruses are the smallest of the three pathogens described here and can only be seen with
an electron microscope
SYMPTOMS
A symptom is a manifestation of damage caused by the Pathogen.
Symptoms are abnormal features of the plant that indicate something is wrong.
❖ Chlorosis
❖ Discoloration
❖ Wilting
❖ Stunting
❖ Distortion
❖ Loss of vigor
 Blight

Dry Rots spots on leaves

 Vascular Browning

Galls or Tumors on branch of Oleander Fruit rot

SIGNS
A positive diagnosis of a plant disease is often difficult or nearly impossible to make on the basis of symptoms alone.

Symptoms of specific diseases and some abiotic disorders overlap.

To properly identify a fungal or bacterial disease, one must look for the signs of the pathogen.

The most significant of which is the presence of the pathogen itself viewed with the unaided eye, a hand lens, or a
microscope.
A sign is any visible part of the actual pathogen
Spores of fungal hyphae
Bacterial streaming
Parasitic plant parts
Nematode Eggs
FUNGAL CAUSED DISEASE

stream of bacteria ooze

fungal growth
droplets of bacteria

leaf rust

BACTERIAL CAUSED DISEASE

testing module
Deep learning is part of a broader family learning method based on artificial neural networks with
representation learning.
Using deep learning. It compares the diseases from the feature selection classification to find the
type of disease that leaf has.

 conclusion
Plant Diseases are major food threats that should
have to be overcome before it leads to further
loss of the entire field. But, often farmers are
unable to distinguish between similar symptoms
but face different diseases. This will mislead to
wrong or overdosage of fertilizers. Here, we
employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
called Deep Learning Algorithms to reduce this
loss and guide farmers with video lessons. This
can be done through a mobile App. "Not all
farmers but some do use it."