BRACKET CONNECTIONS

ECCENTRIC
CONNECTIONS
Unit – I

ALPINE SKI HOUSE

ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS-
BRACKET CONNECTIONS
• Load lying in the plane of bolted joint: ( TYPE-I connection)
• Wherever two members to be secured together donot intersect.
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of bolted joint analysis:
Acting shear force (P) is replace by a Force acting through the centroid of the
bolt group and a moment (M=P×e) where e is the eccentricity of the load

P
P
e

Direct shear + torsion

ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of bolted joint analysis:
If, Direct load =P, Bending moment, M = Pe
Therefore, Direct axial shear, Fa = P/n (assuming loads are distributed equally to
the joints in concentric bolted joints)
Where,
n = No of bolts in the group
Fa= Force on each bolt due to axial load
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of bolted joint analysis:
Rotational shear or shear force due to moment on each bolts,
Fm α r
Where,
r = Radial distance of the bolts from the CG of the group
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of bolted joint analysis:
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 1: Assume a suitable diameter ‘d’ for the bolt & Find strength of one bolt in shear,
bearing and get bolt value, Bv

Step 2: determine number of bolts.

Case a : if the moment coming on the joint is much less compared to the direct load, use
𝑃
n=𝐵
𝑣

•Increase the number of bolts to a certain percentages (say 50%) and then arrange the
total number of bolts in two or more vertical lines at a suitable spacing, edge and pitch.
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Case b : if the moment coming on the joint is much high compared to the direct load, use

6𝑀
n=
𝑛′ 𝑝𝐵𝑣

Here, n = number of bolts per line.

p = pitch of the bolt.
n' = number of bolt lines.

Increase the number of bolts to a certain percentages (say 50%) and then arrange the
number of bolts per line
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 3: the resultant force for the critical bolt is to be calculated
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑛
Fa= P/n , Fm = σ 2
𝑟

𝐹𝑟 = 𝐹𝑎2 + 𝐹𝑚2 + 2𝐹𝑎 𝐹𝑚 cos 𝜃

Step 4: if Fr in critical bolt < bolt value (Bv) --------- joint is safe
If Frin critical bolt >bolt value (Bv) ----------- increase the number of bolts per line
 DESIGN OF TYPE –I BOLTED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
Q) Design a bolted bracket connection to transfer an end reaction of 300 kN with an
eccentricity of 170 mm, due to factored load as shown in the figure. The steel used is of
grade FE 410. Use 20 mm diameter bolt of grade 4.6. The thickness of bracket plate is 10
mm and the column section is ISHB 200 @ 365.91 N/m.
DESIGN OF TYPE –I BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –I BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –I BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –I BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION: 300kN

170mm
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of welded joint analysis:
Weld group is subjected to direct shear stress due to the load P and shear stress due to twisting
moment (pe0)

Maximum stress will be, where r is maximum and angle between the two force is minimum
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of welded joint analysis:
Let us consider a weld of size = S
effective throat thickness, te = 0.707S
If
P = Total vertical load
e = Eccentricity
Lw = effective length of the weld = 2b + d

𝑃
Direct shear stress in the weld, Ps = (clause 10.5.9,IS 800:2007)
𝐿𝑤 𝑡𝑒
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of welded joint analysis:
The shear stress due to twisting moment can be computed from the torsion
equation

Per
shear stress due to bending in the weld,Pb =
IP
Where,
T = twisting Moment = Pe
r = The radial distance of the extreme weld from the CG of the weld
Ip= Polar moment of inertia of the weld = Ixx+ Iyy
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-1
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying in the plane of welded joint analysis:
The resultant stress at any point is given by ,

𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑆2 + 𝑃𝑏2 + 2𝑃𝑏 𝑃𝑆 cos 𝜃

Where, θ = the angle between the two stresses

For critical condition, developed stress should be less than the permissible
stress in weld.
 DESIGN OF TYPE –I WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
Q) A bracket is subjected to a load of 50 kN and is connected to a stanchion by welding.
Find the size of the weld so that the load can be carried safely
DESIGN OF TYPE –I WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –I WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –I WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
 ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS-
BRACKET CONNECTIONS
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of bolted joint: ( TYPE-II connection)
• Wherever two members to be secured together donot intersect.

P
e

Direct shear + tension due to moment

ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of bolted joint analysis:
Clause 10.11.2.1 of IS 800:2007 provides general method of analysis

P
e

h
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Assumptions:
 In practice, the line of rotation (i.e. the neutral axis) is assumed to lie at a height of 1/ 7
th the depth of bracket measured from the bottom edge of bracket to the center line of
the top most bolt.

 Center of rotation will not be at the foot of bracket. Because bottom of the bracket and
stanchion are not perfectly rigid.

 the bolts above the line of rotation will be in direct shear and tension and the bolts
below the line of rotation will be in direct shear and compression
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of bolted joint analysis:

If, Direct load =P

Therefore, Direct axial shear, Vb = P/n (assuming loads are distributed equally to
the joints in concentric bolted joints)

Where,
n = No of bolts in the group
Fa= Force on each bolt due to axial load
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular the plane of bolted joint analysis:
The tensile force T in any bolt above the line of rotation will be proportional to its
distance from the NA or the line of rotation.
Ti α yi
Where,
yi = distance from neutral axis to any bolt
The moment of resistance due to this tensile force =
So, total Moment of resistance provided by the bolts in tension,
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying iperpendicular the plane of bolted joint analysis:
Therefore, Tensile force in bolt -----

Total tensile force

For equilibrium, total tensile force = total compressive force, Thus

This compressive force acts at a distance of from the NA

ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying iperpendicular the plane of bolted joint analysis:
Hence taking moment about NA we get
External moment (M) = Moment resisted by bolts in tension (M’) + Moment
resisted by compressive force.

Tensile force in the extreme critical bolt will be:

Where ymax is the maximum distance of the bolt from neutral axis.
Thus, ymax = (6/7)h
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 1:Select nominal diameter ‘d’, pitch distance and edge distance of the bolt

Step 2:Find strength of one bolt in shear, tension and get bolt value, Bv

Step 3: select the number of bolt lines “n” and external moment “M” due to eccentricity.
M= Pe

Step 4: find number of bolts per line (n) using the formula,

6𝑀
n= 𝑛′ 𝑝𝐵𝑣
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 5: compute shear force (Vsb)in the bolt

Step 6:compute maximum tension in the extreme bolt

Step 7:Check for developed shear and tension individually:

Vsb<Vdsb
Tb<Tdb

Step 8: The connection should be checked against combined shear and tension using the
interaction formula: (Clause 10.3.6, IS 800:2007)
𝑉 𝑇
[ 𝑉 𝑠𝑏 ] + [ 𝑇 𝑏 ] ≤ 1.0
𝑑𝑏 𝑑𝑏
 DESIGN OF TYPE –II BOLTED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
Q) Design a bracket connection to transfer an end reaction of 225 kN due to factored
load as shown in the figure. The end reaction from the girder acts at an eccentricity of
300 mm from the face of the column flange. Design bolted joint connecting the Tee-
flange with the column flange. Steel is of grade Fe 410 and bolts of grade 4.6 are used.
225kN
300mm
DESIGN OF TYPE –II BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –II BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –II BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –II BOLTED BRACKET
CONNECTION:
225kN

300mm
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of welded joint analysis:
Weld group is subjected to direct shear stress due to the load P and bending stress due to
bending moment due to eccentric load P

P
e

d Butt Weld
Fillet Weld d

Maximum stress (shear, bending) will occur at different locations. So, assume that flange welds
carry bending moment and web welds carry the shear.
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of welded joint analysis:
𝑃
(i) Direct shear stress in the weld, q= 𝐿𝑤 𝑡 𝑒
(clause 10.5.9,IS 800:2007)
𝑃
Fillet weld, q=
2𝐿𝑤 𝑡𝑒

𝑃
Groove weld, q =
𝐿𝑤 𝑡 𝑒

d = depth of the bracket plate / welding depth

te = effective throat thickness,
P = Total vertical load
Lw = effective length of the weld
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of welded joint analysis:
𝑃
(ii) bending stress in the weld, fa= 𝐿 𝑡
𝑤 𝑒
𝑃
fillet weld, Fa = 𝐿 2𝑡
𝑤 𝑡
6𝑃𝑒
Butt weld, Fb=
𝐿𝑤 𝑡𝑒

d = depth of the bracket plate

te = effective throat thickness,
P = Total vertical load
Lw = effective length of the weld connecting the bracket plate with column
flange (usually, Lw = d)
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Load lying perpendicular to the plane of welded joint analysis:
The resultant stress at any point is given by ,

2 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑓𝑏2 + 3𝑞 ≤ 𝛾𝑚𝑜
[butt weld]

2 𝑓𝑢
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑓𝑎2 + 3𝑞 ≤ [fillet weld]
3 𝛾𝑚𝑤

For critical condition, developed stress should be less than the permissible
stress in weld.
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
WELDED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 1:Assume size of the weld and compute throat thickness, design strength of the weld
per unit length.

Step 2: the depth of the bracket is calculated from following equations

6𝑀
for butt weld ---- d =
𝑡𝑓𝑏

6𝑀
for fillet weld ---- d = 2𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑤𝑑1

Fwd1 = design strength of fillet weld per unit length of weld (cl: 10.5.7.1.1, IS 800:2007)
𝑓𝑢
= 0.8×( 0.7×S× )
3 𝛾𝑚𝑤
ECCENTRIC CONNECTIONS (TYPE-II
BOLTED BRACKET CONNECTIONS)
• Design procedure:
Step 5: Calculate direct shear stress and stress due to bending moment in the weld
𝑃 𝑃
Fillet weld, q= , Fa =
2𝐿𝑤 𝑡𝑒 𝐿𝑤 2𝑡𝑡

𝑃 6𝑃𝑒
Groove weld, q=𝐿 𝑡 , Fb = 𝐿 𝑡
𝑤 𝑒 𝑤 𝑒

Step 8: the equivalent stress is computed and should be less than design strength of the
weld

2 𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑓𝑎2 + 3𝑞 ≤ [butt weld]
𝛾𝑚𝑜

𝑓𝑢
𝑓𝑒 = 𝑓𝑏2 + 3𝑞 2 ≤ [fillet weld]
3 𝛾𝑚𝑤
 DESIGN OF TYPE –II WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
Q) A bracket plate 10mm thick is used to transmit a reaction of 140kN at an eccentricity
of 100mm from the column flange as shown in figure. Design the weld.
140kN
100mm
DESIGN OF TYPE –II WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –II WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION:
DESIGN OF TYPE –II WELDED
BRACKET CONNECTION: