COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Local History Values and Culture

MODULE

LOCAL HISTORY AND CULTURE

ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022

MR. JHUNCEL M. DERIQUITO

Instructor
 MODULES FOR LOCAL HISTORY AND CULTURE

Credits : 3 Units
Pre-Requisite : none

LESSON TITLE: HOME TOWN PRE-HISTORY/THIS UPLAND REALM

Lesson Objective:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
1. Understand the realm of the people during the Pre-History.
2. Describe geographical features of the City of San Pablo.
3. Explain the advantages of these geographical features to the life of San Pableño.
4. Propose a project proposal on how this biodiversity of the City of San Pablo will be
protected.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

How would you describe the geographical features of the City of San Pablo?
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THIS UPLAND REALM

Three Beautiful Mountains. Millions of years, volcanic eruptions resulted in the creation of the
seven crater lakes we have today in my hometown
– Sampalok, Palakpakin, Bunot, Pandin, Yambo,
Muhikap, and Calibato. Hence, San Pablo got its
popular name “The City of Seven Lakes.” The
volcanic activity was followed by lava and earth
movements producing the formation of the
mountains and low rolling plains and plateaus layers of volcanic ash gave soil fertility.
Eventually, trees and heavy vegetation developed, and a tropical rain forest enveloped the land.
San Pablo nestled on the eastern coastline of Luzon, surrounded by three beautiful mountains –
Mount Makiling, Mount Banahaw, and Sierra Madre Mountain Range.

Abundant Water Supply. Nature has been generous for the

survival and development of the San Pablo natives, both
past and present. The abundant supply of rain and water is
the first of God’s gift to San Pablo yielding waterfalls,
streams and the seven lakes. The mountain forest cover
cleans the air, brings the rain, and produces the resources of
fresh water. The wind blowing against the base of these
mountains is deflected upwards into the atmosphere, where it expands. This expansion of the air
brings about a natural air cooling effect aided by the plants and trees in the rain forests thus San
Pablo has a cool and fresh climate. The mountains contribute seemingly unlimited supplies of
water for household, agricultural, and recreational purposes.

Tropical Rain Forests. The tropical rainforest in this upland

realm became another God’s gifts to the hometown. Before
the onset of global warming and over development, the dense
forest cover bred ecological diversity for plants and animals.
Temptingly rich in economic possibilities these forests lay
idle first, for to enter them was dangerous. The damp and
drifting jungle furnished an ideal breeding place for insects.
The swarms of mosquitoes were the most widespread and troublesome. There were also white
ants or termites and the black ants or beetles.
This upland realm was rich with plant and animal life. The plants gave the housing materials
(wood, bamboo, nipa, anahaw), cash crop (betel, areca), ornamentals (orchid,
anthuriums), edible foods (lanzones, bananas, etc.) and medicines.
A virtual bird sanctuary, the forests were full of bird life, large and small, native and
migrating. The monkey-eating eagle (now the Philippine national bird) flew in the large
numbers because the forest cover was yet undisturbed. Wood pigeons and thrushes, gaudy
parrots and parakeets lived in the jungle and added the color and noise. There were wild boars
and deer. During the hunting seasons, the natives went to the forests and streams with their traps,
nets and hunting gear for these were teeming with wildlife and fish. For the happy breed of men
who settled this upland realm, San Pablo de los Montes seemed a “demi-paradise” indeed.

EXERCISE 1
Follow the knowledge map. Fill in the necessary information for each stage. You can use another
piece of paper for your answers.

EXERCISE 2
In a minimum of 150 words, discuss what you have learn in this lesson.
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EXERCISE 3
In a minimum of 200 words, do you agree that San Pablo de los Montes is a “demi-paradise?”
Support your answer by providing examples, researches, etc.
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LIFE ACTIVITY
Create a project proposal on how the biodiversity of San Pablo de los Montes can be protected.
Follow the format below.
Project Title:

Goals of the project:

Overview of the project:

Monitoring and Evaluation
of the Project

Assessment:
1. Online Examination

References: (APA Format)

Hernandez H.B. and Alonzo Z. A. H. San Pablo de los Montes: Prehistoric times to the
Philippine Revolution, All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Quezon City, p.p. 8-18
Smartsheet.com. PROJECT PROPOSAL TEMPLATE AND TIPS. Retrieved August 31, 2020
from https://www.smartsheet.com/free-project-proposal-templates

LESSON TITLE: THE EARLY INHABITANTS

Lesson Objective:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify the early natives of San Pablo.
2. Discuss the early ways of life of the natives of San Pablo.
3. Compare and contrast the way of living of the old natives at modern natives of San Pablo.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Interview your grandparents and ask them the linage of your ancestry. Share your answer on the
blank provided.
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THE EARLY INHABITANTS

The Early Inhabitants. Aetas, the first settlers. About
25,000-30,000 years ago, the first settlers im this upland
realm were the Negritos, also called Aetas, Agtas, or Atis.
Small, dark people with kinky hair and black eyes. The
spaniards called them Monteses or Remontados(hill mem)
beacause they lived mostly in the mountain areas like San
Pablo.

Other Settlers Unite. Atisan, Napayong, and other hillocks

of Mount Bulaho bound themselves together under a single
leadership. So did the settlers in Sandig, Palakpakin,
Saluvan to the north. The lowlanders of Botokan and
Makopa as well as of Wawa, Malinaw, and Sampalok, also
agreed to unite under their leader. The latter were forced to
withdraw to other high ground, in today's Quezon and
Aurora provinces.

New Malay Settlers. About 12,000 to 15,000 years ago, small

groups of Malay settlers found their way to this upland realm.
The Malay settlers in southern Luzon became the nucleus of
the present Tagalog tribes that populated the Calabarzon
Region (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon and Aurora
provinces). Malay settler's materials, relics, oral, and studies
from other Malay nations.

Hunting and Food Gathering. Our early forebears were basically

hunters and food gatherers of wild animals, birds and edible plants. For
tools and weapons our ancestors made tools flakesd on either or both
sides. San Pablo Volcanic origins and streambeds offerd them much
resources. Volcanic rocks were brittle and easily shaped by pounding or
rubbing. Stream and cave rocks were also useful tools.

Primitive Farming. Having succeeded in fashioning simple tools, our

ancient forebears began a primitive type of agriculture - the kaingin or
slash-and-burn farming. The bad side effect of this type of farming was
self-destruction. The kaingero did not benefit more than a few years from their small farms.
Domestication of Plants and Animals. Taming animals, livestock raising, irrigated farming, and
crop rotation were activities that gave them food security
and a more stable life. The ancients started with the
domestication of four animals - the dog, yhe pig, the fowl,
and the carabao (water buffalo). They tried to consume
some fruits, nuts, and root crops like yam and uraro. A
mountainous geography like San Pablo seemed a "fortress
built by Nature for herself".

Irrigated Farming And New Staple Crop. The irrigated

farming method, unlike the kaingin, encouraged
residential stability and a more complex social structure.
The introduction of rice (Oryza zativa) by Indian and Chinese traders changed their lives for the
better. The rice was highly suitable for wet farming methods. The crop receivedittle attention after
planting until near harvest time, when the children were asked to keep the birds on the field.
Nothing could be lovelier than the paddy fields of spectacular green rice encircled by mountains.

The Two Field System. It is a farming technique that provided for one field planted in crops,
while another field was left fallow for a year or two until it regained its fertility. Done
successfully by the natives. This system increased food production and led to the permanent
residence of the cultivators in a house.

Plant Propagation. The natives contribute to their propagation by aiding their geographic spread
to other places. New plant hybrids were bornzpissesed with great vigor. There was always an
ecological haven for them in this richly-endowed upland realm.

Increased Production. Our ancestors learned to make better use of their resources and to adjust
their method of living. Hunger was a game that spurred them to greater activity. Their ability to
farm and raise livestock improved. Edible plants were farmed, the gabi (araro) peas,beans,yam
and fruits.

Nga-Nga The Lucrative Crops. Nganga or buyo

was the favorite ancestral "chewing gum" of
Southeast Asians and pacific islanders. The
natives chewed it incessantly because it is a mild
stimulant. The cultivation old nganga industry
gave early prosperity to San Pablo before the days
of tobacco and gum. Chewing nganga is still a
favorite pastime among the older generation in
some upland areas, like the Ifugao tribe in Cordillera.

Economic Surplus. Our ancestors attained economic surplus for better tools and domesticated
plants and animals. It is the ability to provide more than they needed for their families. They
exchanged good (barter) for the products of others. Economic surplus led to new invention of new
industries (marketing, trading, and transporting goods). Trade or barter came into being when one
group exchanged one type of article to another. They meet in central areas, which became market
places. Ancients of Makopa and Balagbag exchanged their rice surplus for the hogs and fowls of
Lumbangan and Banlagin. They exchanged bakuli fish from palakpakin to root crops of Tikew
and Imok.

The Transport Of Goods. Natives discovered the trick of carrying a heavy load on pole borne by
two persons. The cargo and passengers on hammock-like structure were supported on two long
poles and carried by two bearers, one in the front and other behind, held the poles in their hands
and let them rest on their shoulders. Native and domesticate bigas to use the carabao as the carrier
as time pass. Inspired the carabao drawn-sled called
paragos to transport goods.

The much-trodden paths were rough and dirty in

olden days, the path led usually to the nearest
source of drinking water, to the hunting grounds or
to places were fruits, roots and berries are abundant.
In time the paths were widened and extended, and
eventually become rough grounds. Farmers met with less difficulty in the transport of their farm
products from one place to another. They also advanced the locational knowledge and
measurement of time. They started to name place differently to another for example is Atisan was
the place for many Negritos and Aetas, Bunot a place of making coconut husks. Wawa, Sapa and
Ilog where watersheds, Bae a place noted for women (babae) and Makopa and Sampaloc for local
trees. Distances were determined by the means of time.the distance could ne reckoned by the day
or "isang tulog lang", or by lunar passage "isang buwan".

The First Trading Center Of Sampalok. Earliest historical records say the origin of San Pablo
was a trading place called Sampalok that comprise four large barrios bounded by Mt. Makiling.
Its name came from the tall sampalok trees (TAMARINDUS INDICUS) with hard yellowish
wood, pinnate leaves and red-striped yellow florets. The sampalok fruits or blossom was picked
by natives to spice up dishes. Tamarind is use to flavor Indian food, stewed fish (sinigang) and
meat dishes (Worcestershire sauce).

EXERCISE 1

In 5 to 7 sentences, how would you describe the early inhabitants of San Pablo?
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EXERCISE 2

Using a Venn diagram below, compare and contrast the early way of life of native from the
modern way of life of the natives of San Pablo. Label the Venn diagram accordingly.

LIFE ACTIVITY

Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in 5 to 7 sentences. Provide additional 3
sentences for your reflection about the lesson discussed.

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ASSESSMENT:

1. Online Examination

References:

Hernandez H.B. and Alonzo Z. A. H. San Pablo de los Montes: Prehistoric times to the
Philippine Revolution, All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Quezon City, p.p. 8-18
LESSON TITLE: THE PRECOLONIAL FAMILY

Lesson Objective:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the different native attire, language, personal ornament, dances, and songs of San
Pablo.
2. Describe different native attire, language, personal ornament, dances, and songs of San
Pablo.
3. Compose a poem on how they could give importance to this culture.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

In your own words how would you define family?
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THE PRE-COLONIAL FAMILY

Family Ties. Obtained their security and their greatest

happiness from their family rather than from wealth
and friends. "Blood is thicker than water" as the
saying goes. The family meant more than anything
else to the individual. The possession of land was the
only means of wealth and it was necessary. A
business was always a family business but its loss was
only diminution of wealth and not the end of the
world. When a member of a family left the shelter of
his home to make his way in the world, any success he attained
would be nothing unless he could return to his family, use his
wealth to help relatives and be recognize in his village as great man
Family.

Native Attire and Personal Habits. The first inhabitants were not
completely naked. The wealthy males and females wore more pieces
of clothing, as befitting their social status and ability to buy clothes.
They had a head cloth called putong. Wealthy women wore
patadyong, a long cloth wrapped around their waist. They wash their
hair with gugo a native bark.
Personal Ornaments. Poor women wore beads, bracelet and necklace and other ornaments made
from seeds twings, stems, shells, horn, and Pebbles. Rich women wore imported Jewelry of gold,
jade, and cameloan beads.

Marriage Patterns. Marriages were arranged between families of the same socials status, for
their teenage children. Parents negotiated the marriages because of alliance and property
arrangements. The groom was required to pay his future father in law a dowry (bigay kaya) or
free work in the latter's house of the farm (maninirahan). They were expected to freely engage in
pre-marital sexual relations. Couple's first duty was to produce children.

Dances and Songs. Coconut producing religio, their favorite dances was the “maglalatik". This
vigorous dance depicted a mock fight with the sweet Coconut meat or latik. Another favorite
dance was the "Sayaw sa Bangko" a playful but precarious dance by a man and woman on top of
a narrow bench.

Language. Our ancestors communicated in a language now known as "Tagalog" which means
"taga ilog" or "people of the river or the water". Fr. Pedro Chirino, SJ, wrote, "I found this
language four qualities of the four greatest language of the world, Hebrew, Greek, Latin and
Spanish.

Writing and Literature. The Filipino writing came from the Asokan Alphabet of India. It
consisted of three (serving as five) vowels and fourteen consonants - a total of 17 letters Native
used a sharp-pointed instrument to write words on bamboo tubes, woods, and plant leaves, but
they did not know how to make paper.
EXERCISE 1

Complete the following analogies by writing the correct answer on the blank provided.

1. Patadyong : Native Attire :: Shell : ______________________

2. Laguage : Tagalog :: Writing : _______________________
3. Personal Ornament : Cameloan Beads :: Dance : ___________________
4. Hair : Gugo :: Head Piece : ________________________

EXECISE 2

Read the statements carefully and complete the table below. Answers should be related to the
topic discussed.

3 thing that is new to me. Why?

2 things that I am not familiar of. Why?

1 thing that I would research for. Why?

EXERCISE 3

- Online short quiz

LIFE ACTIVITY

Write a poem about the importance of Family.

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Reference:
Hernandez H.B. and Alonzo Z. A. H. San Pablo de los Montes: Prehistoric times to the
Philippine Revolution, All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Quezon City, p.p. 8-18

LESSON TITLE: ANCIENT RELIGION

Lesson Objective:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the ancient religion of the natives of San Pablo.
2. Describe ancient religion of the natives of San Pablo.
3. Examine through research the different religious rituals, lucky charm of ancient religion.
4. Determine the different influences of the natives of San Pablo.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

How do you worship God?
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ANCIENT RELIGION

Ancient religion. Our forebears believed in

many gods (mga dios) and innumerable lesser
spirits (anitos) found in nature and in their
ancestors. The chief deity was bathala, the
creator of all things, who inhibited the distant
real on outher space known as kaluwalhatian.
Utter "Bahala na!" (It's up to the up there!), or
"Bahala ka!" (Its up to you!)

Ancestral spirits. The spirits world was full of

angels and demons. Good spirits were the benevolent Angels who help to advance the well being
of people. Evil spirits were the malevolent demons who hurt people or work mischief in various
ways, forebears carved small idols in stone and wood, called anitos or larawan (image of spirits)
to which they prayed and made offerings.

Religious Ritual. Our ancestors did not make human scarifies but they consumed animals as part
of religious rituals. The prayer of the natives is of two kinds. Spontaneous prayer is prayed when
there is doubt in God and in formula prayer is daily prayer. Most pagan rituals were held to cure
sickness. There were distinct rituals for each disease believed to have been caused by one class
of spirit. Often a whole series of rituals were performed for each
stage of rice agriculture – the clearing of the ground, the planting,
the cultivation, the harvesting, and the preservation of the crops.

Woman Priest. During the precolonial times, gifted women

performed
the
priestly
role. The Priestess is called Catalonan
which is the elderly priest. And she was
also called Babaylan or Unique woman
have a many function like healer and
prophet.

Amulets. The ancient believed in the magical power of amulets. Amulets or luck charm were
made of herb, bones, teeth, metals or any object believe to possess magical power. Some
languages place amulets on children and males wear "anting anting"(lucky charms) until today.
 Other influences. Traces of contact with the outside world date
back to 1000 AD when traders from other parts of Asia, like
Indonesia, China and the middle East visited these islands. Dr.
Alfred L. Kroeber stated " there is no tribe in the Philippines, no
matter how primitive and remote, in whose culture today elements
of indian origin cannot be traced". Indian influenced was
extensively imprinted in the religious beliefs, language, writings,
and customs of the ancient bathala the chief native god came from the sanskrit term, Bhattara(or
Abba) which means "Great lord" of hindu spirits. About 300 Indian words entered the Tagalog
Vocabulary, ama(father), asawa(spouse), dalaga(single), halaga(price) and etc.

Chinese influence. Our ancestors also absorbed influences from the Chinese, another great asian
civilization. Among these Chinese word were the names of different kinds of noodles - bihon,
miki, misua, noodle soup - mami, Chinese cabbage, pechay, bakya (wooden clogs) jusi or husi
(cloth), susi (key), tinghoy (oil lamp), pingga (balancing pole), ate (older sister), kuya
(olderbrother) buwisit (budluck) and etc.

EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions below in 5 to 7 sentences.
1. How would you describe the religion of the early natives of San Pablo?
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2. Do you think the “Bahala na” culture is still in existence to modern time? Support your
answer.
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EXERCISE 2

List down the different influences of other natives to the natives of San Pablo and write the
implication of these influences.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

EXERCISE 3

- Online short quiz

LIFE ACTIVITY

Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in 5 to 7 sentences. Provide additional 3
sentences for your reflection about the lesson discussed.

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Assessment:

- Online Examination
Reference:

Hernandez H.B. and Alonzo Z. A. H. San Pablo de los Montes: Prehistoric times to the Philippine
Revolution, All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Quezon City, p.p. 19-30

LESSON TITLE: THE BARANGAY

Lesson Objective:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the different barangays in San Pablo.
2. Locate the different barangays in San Pablo.
3. Describe the way of living of the different barangays in San Pablo.
4. Research the history of the different barangays in San Pablo.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Describe your community were you live in.
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Barangay. Originally meant the Malay

sailboat ("balanghai") which brought
the early migrants to these islands. It
was a group of families, with the
kinsmen and their leader.
Formation of Barangay Groups. Two
millenia ago, this upland realm was
composed of hardly a hundred farms,
each one of them being a completely self-sufficient little world, responsible only to
itself for staying alive. Within their little world, they converted their products into
food that could be eaten, clothes that could be worn and habitation that could be
lived in. All activities were administered by the head of the family.
As the family membership began to increase in number and the raids by the Aetas
became more disturbing, the dwellers came to realize the need for group-living.
Hence, they started building their houses along the riverbanks and the lakesides.
While those living in the highlands formed nuclear types of clustering houses. They
came to realize that by living in groups, they were multiply their strength, to pool
together their past experiences, to present a united front against common perils, and
to plan the future more effectively among themselves. The settlers' initial grouping,
composed typically of about 30 families, came to be known as the "barangay."
EXERCISE 1

Draw the map of San Pablo and label it with the different barangays.

EXERCISE 2

Research for 5 barangays in San Pablo and look for the brief history of each barangays. Follow
the format below.

Name of Barangay: _____________________________

Current Punong Barangay: ___________________________

Geographical information of the Barangay: ________________________________

Landmarks in the Barangay: _____________________________________________

History of the Barangay

EXECISE 3

- Online short quiz

LIFE ACTIVITY

Draw a poster on how you would be part of the change in your community.

Assessment:

- Online Examination

Reference:

Hernandez H.B. and Alonzo Z. A. H. San Pablo de los Montes: Prehistoric times to the
Philippine Revolution, All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., Quezon City, p.p. 35-41