HXGKWKU

fo"k;lwfp
1- ifjp; 1
2- eu & ckbcy dk n`f"Vdks.k 3
HXGKLIM+NNNNGMXN 
HXNFTIGNHJ5R 
HXGVOH/N[]/U^NV 
HXGKUKXI/)NIUND 
3- eu & ,d ;q) Hkwfe 8

NMKMGKYI+N\NNNDL]NNGVIRMNVNHVD
TGMUKJ 
L]\NV+NXÑLMK^NNÐGKL]IN 

N6UNXGKTI'UNVDGNVL][9GMXN 

N TJHVDIGOUMJLMK^NNHVD0N\UNJ6@J
OH!XN 
YI+N\NNNYNVDGVUKX^NV 
[IGOUMJFXUVJ6DJOH!XN 
>NUMXNGYXTH 
JHNMVTGVJI)NNM 

65
JHNMVPNMGV9NVL 
HXHVDGN=RNJKGMXN 
JHNMVHXNVDLMIXD NGMXN

NNMKIMGYI+N\NNNYNVDGVON)N\0XN 
YLXVHXNVDLMIXD NGMXN
Y;XKHUKMNVDGNL]IUGNMGMXN 
IWX
N&QNVDGNV\NV[FNV\UVJ6D 
ISDUNLMIRWLNXN 
[NVDGNVNXN 
JHNMKOJNUNGVI\RSX 
4- eu & ,d ;q) Hkwfe 27
XNW8HLNXVOVLJ\VJHNMVHXGKQ
NN 
JHNMVHXNVDGVXRKXKGMNGN'NYI+NL]NJ6? 
RSXGNJHNMVHXNVDLML]+NNR 
JHNMVHXNVDGNXRKXKGMNHJ5RLZN='NVDJ6? 
OK>NXVGKL]IN 
LMHV
RMGVRSXHVDHXX 
HN6I>NGLOVNQGMXN 
JHNMVIS HVDI4MMD[+NMXN 
YUKUGKXGNMN5HGFNUNVDGNONHXNGMXN 
[\UHNXIOGUNGNVIH9NQVXN 
YLXVHXNVDGKM^NNGMXN 
HXGNGXNNDSN 
HOKJGNHX 
GHXGV\NV[JNVXN 

66
HXGKWKU
5- ldkjkRed ekufld izo`fÙk dk fodkl djuk 46
JHG6OVONVSUVJ6DPOGNL]+NNR 
LMHV
RMGVOHNXIRSNMGMXN 
JHOGNMN5HGMR6ÃNG6OVYLXNUVJ6D? 
I>N8XHNXIOGUNGN\^NNXM>NVD 
WKUXVGKIRSNM
N6\K 
WKUXVGKIRSNM
N6\K 
JUN
NNÑ;\NIXÐGNVLMNIWUGMXN 
6- ldkjkRed ekufld izo`fÙk dk fodkl djuk 53
LMHV
RMXVJHVDPLNV[GMXVGVI\FTIQKJ6 
IR
RNOYN6MLIMG<LXN 
LMHV
RMGKYNRNWGNVLJSNXXN 
UG=YN6MIR
RNO 

67
HXGKWKU

1
ifjp;
blfy, ;fn dksbZ elhg esa gS] rks og ubZ l`f"V gSA iqjkuh ckrsa chr
xbZ gSa( ns[kks] os lc ubZ gks xbZ ÑGTIMI8)NNVDÐ$

WFJHXV XNW8HLNN)NN@UFGVR\JHNMKYN5HNYNVD GN
XNW8HJTYN)NN@RVLMHV
RMGV/RLHVDLTXIOMWK[E=D@YN6M
LMHV
RMGVWKRXYN6M/R+NNROV+NMQK[E=D$
JHNMVHXNVDYN6M
NMKMNVDXVXNW8HXJKDLNN)NN$

IQJHSNJUVJ6DIGYN5HNHVDWNVGT1J6@RJFNJMIQ>NNE=QV@
UNV
• L]NNÑFITNHX@E31N@+NNRXNDÐGNXRKXKGMNIGWNXV
GKWMUJ6$
•
NMKMGNVZOLMSNWNXVGKYNR
GUNJ6$

1
 LIMS
LMHV
RMXV JHLMJP¿NMQNI5RON6DLNJ6 IGJHPOGV
RSXRDLIR YN5HNGV`NMNHXNGNVXNFXNDYN6M
NMKMGNVZO
LMSND$
EOYXHVD@JHHXNFTILMYLXNNXGVI8Q]UGMVD[V
JHVD'NGMXVGKWMUJ6YN6MPOVG6OVGMVD$

2
HXGKWKU

2
eu & ckbcy dk n`f"Vdks.k
2-1 eu dh ifjHkk"kk djuk

NNI8UGNLMHV
RMYNLJKUT(JVDLZMKMKIUOVLIR GMVYN6MUT(JNMK
YN5HNYN6ML]NNYN6MQVJJHNMVL]+NTK
NTHOKJGVYNXVUGLZMVLZMV
YN6MIXQNV=NOTMI^NUMJVDÑI)N/O\Ð
L]NNÑZXNXKÐ OZGVpsuche.
YN5HNÑZXNXKÐ 8ZHN pneuma.
L]NN HNXRFNVNGNYD[@HX@E31NYN6M+NNRXND$
FTI HI/UGGV GN=@IRSNM@UG=@FTIH¿NN@+NNRXNYN6M
NQQN
U$
2-2 eu ;k cqf) dk egRo
• JHNMV IRSNM JHNMK INYNVD GNV IXNN=IMU GMUV J6D$ IND
YNSMNHVDFQ\UKJ6D$YNSMNWKRX
N6\KGNVFXNUNJ6$
• JHNMV IRSNM JHNMK +NNRXNYNVD GNV L]+NNIRU GMUV J6D$ JHNMK
+NNRXNDJHNMKYNI5HG@HNXIOGYN6M+NN6IUGI/)NIUGNVL]+NNIRU
GMUKJ6D$
• JHNMKG<LXNDNUNVJHVD F\L]QNXGMUKJ6D NJHVD IXF=\GM
QVUKJ6D$
• JHNMKHNXIOG^NHUNDÑOK>NXV@OH!XV@HXGNVGN[]GMXV@
G<LXN GMXV@ /HMN GMXV YN6M UG= GMXV GK NV;UN Ð
HJ5RLZN= J6D$
• WNV JHNMK YN5HNYNVD HVD J6@ RJ ONHN8UN JHNMV L]NNNVD YN6M

NMKMNVDGV`NMNFNJMIXG\UNJ6$
3
 HX  FNEF\ GN QCI9GNVN
• LMHV
RM JHNMK HNXIOG ^NHUNYNVD GN PLNV[ JHNMV ON)N
RNUN=\NLGKL]INYNVDHVDE/UVHN\GMUNJ6IRSNM@HU@IS @
Q
N=XYN6M/R,X$
2-3 eu ds leL;kxzLr {ks=
GE=E=HNXQNMIR
RNIONVDGNYLXVNVNLMIXD NXJKDJNVUN@RV
GT1LNLNVDLMWXJKDLNOGUV@RVYLXV2OXNVDYN6MFDNXNVDYNIQ
OVWZ!UVMJUVJ6D$GE=IR
RNOKY8OH/NYNVDOVLKI0UMJUVJ6D
WNVHT>LOVHXOVWT0KJNVUKJ6D
• +NÑ\NV[NVD@LIMI/)NIUNVDGN+N@VOKFNUNVDGN+NWNVYI/U5R
HVDXJKDJNVUKDÐ@
• GN[]UNGNY+NNRÑ+N9GUNJTYNHXÐ@
• +N]HNP\!XÑQTIS¿NNLX@0NDRN0NV\I/)NIUÐ@
• JKXYN5H 1IRÑIX(X/UMGKYN5H L]IU%NÐ@
• E8GNM@
• 1\YN6MUG= IRUG=@
• [YN6M
• HXGVMNV[ÑJUN
NN@LN[\LX@HXNVIRQI\UUNYNIQÐ$
Lok/;k;
YNLGVHXGVON)NEOOHWNVOH/NDJ6D@P8JVDI\>N\VD$
2-4 eu dh rhu fLFkfr;ka
/RN+NNIRGHXNFTI@
NNMKIMGHX@XRKXKfUHX

4
HXGKWKU
2-4-1 LokHkkfod eu
ijUrq 'kkjhfjd euq"; ijes'oj ds vkRek dh ckrsa xzg.k ugha djrk]
D;ksafd os mldh n`f"V esa ew[kZrk dh ckrsa gSa] vkSj u og mUgsa tku
ldrk gS D;ksafd mudh tkap vkfRed jhfr ls gksrh gS ÑGTIMÐ$

JNDLMFNEF\Ê/RN+NNIRGHNXRKOH!†YN6MÊYNI5HGOH!†
ÑY8UQC=I9ÐGKUT\XNGMUKJ6$/RN+NNIRGHXTYLXV/RN+NNIRG
HXOVWKRXIFUNUNJ6
• YLXVkQHVDYN5HNGKFNUNVDGKYXTHIUXJKDQVUN$Ñ'NVDIG
RJP8JVDHZ>N=UNGKFNUVDOH!UNJ6Ð$
• RJ YN5HN GK FNUNVD GNV WNX ÑLJSNX@ OH!Ð XJKD OGUN
Ñ'NVDIGP8JVDYNI5HGMKIUOVLJSNXNWNUNJ6Ð$
YNI5HGMKIUOVLJSNXNWNUNJ6LIR YN5HNGKOJNUN
OVLMK^NNGMXN@WNDSL0UN\GMXN@LZ1UN1GMXN@L]
XGMXN@
ORN\GMXN$
2-4-2 'kkjhfjd eu
D;kasfd 'kkjhfjd O;fDr 'kjhj dh ckrksa ij eu yxkrs gSa( ijUrq vk/
;kfRed vkRek dh ckrksa ij eu yxkrs gSaA 'kjhj ij eu yxkuk rks
e`R;q gS] ijUrq vkRek ij eu yxkuk thou vkSj 'kkfUr gSA D;ksafd
'kjhj ij eu yxkuk rks ijes'oj ls cSj j[kuk gS] D;ksafd og u rks
ijes'oj dh O;oLFkk ds vk/khu gS] vkSj u gks ldrk gS ÑMNVIHNVD Ð$

NMKMÑZXNXKVDU[Ð
NMKMGK+NZ>N@RNOXNYNVDYN6M\N\ONYNVDGN
P<\V>NGMUNJ6$

NNMKIMGMKIUOV=ZXNXK sarx.

NMKM=ZXNXK soma.

5
 HX  FNEF\ GN QCI9GNVN
'kkjhfjd eu vkfRed eueu
ÑIS@>NTQGNHXNVMDWX YN5HNGKFNUNVDLM
HWV\VXN@
NMKMGNFNUNV HX\[NXN
LMIRSNMGMXNDÐ
HC5T\NUNJ6 WKRXYN6M
NNDIU\NUNJ6
LMHV
RMGVIR
N ZUN
LMHV
RMGK2R/)NNGV
YNKXXJKD
LMHV
RMGNVL]O8XXJKD
GMOGUN
gs Hkkb;ks] eSa rqels bl jhfr ls ckrsa u dj ldk] tSls vkfRed yksxksa
ls] ijUrq tSls 'kkjhfjd yksxksa ls] vkSj muls tks elhg esa ckyd gSaA
eSaus rqEgsa nw/k fiyk;k] vé u f[kyk;k( D;ksafd rqe mldks u [kk ldrs
Fks( oju~ vc rd 'kkjhfjd gks] blfy, fd tc rqeesa Mkg vkSj >xM+k
gS] rks D;k rqe 'kkjhfjd ugha\ vkSj euq"; dh jhfr ij ugha pyrs\
ÑGTIM Ð$

•
NNMKIMGHXHOKJHVDYNI5HGAI
N
NTYNVD GKIR
NVNUNJ6$
•
NNMKIMGHXRSXGV%NVO+NNVWXGNV[]JNXJKDGMOGUN$
•
NNMKIMGHX\0NE= ![0N@E=N=@JNV0YN6MIR+NNWXÑ[T9NVDÐGK
YNVM\VWNUNJ6$
•
NNMKIMGHXJHVDLMHV
RMGV\NV[NVDGVLHVDWKXVHVDOJNUN
GMXVGVFWNAHN HXT GVLHVDWKXVJVUTFNGMUNJ6$
2-4-3 uohuhdj.k izkIr eu ¼vkfRed eu½
vkSj bl lalkj ds ln`'k u cuks] ijUrq rqEgkjh cqf) ds u, gks tkus
ls rqEgkjk pky&pyu Hkh cnyrk tk,] ftlls rqe ijes'oj dh Hkyh]
vkSj Hkkorh] vkSj fl) bPNk vuqHko ls ekywe djrs jgks ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$
6
HXGKWKU
YNLGV HX N FTI GV XRKXKGMN ÑLTXNM@ OTNNMÐ GK
L]INGV`NMNFQ\NJTYNÑZXNXKmetamorphooÐ$
XRKXKGMNL]N,UHXGNY)N=YNI5HGHXJNVOGUNJ6
Lok/;k;
>NTQGNHZ<NDGXGMVDYN6MYDQNWOVI\>NVDIGYNLIGUXVL]IU
NU
/RN+NNIRG HX@ IGUXV L]IU
NU
NNMKIMG HX YN6M IGUXV L]IU
NU
XRKXKGMNL]N,UHXGNVOHQVUVJ6D$
• /RN+NNIRGHX
•
NNMKIMGHX
• XRKXKGMNL]N,UHX

7
 HX GT+NZIH

3
eu & ,d ;q) Hkwfe
3-1 'kjhj dh vfHkyk"kk,a izk.k ds fojks/k esa ;q) djrh gSa
gs fiz;ks] eSa rqels fcurh djrk gwa] fd rqe vius vki dks ijns'kh vkSj
;k=h tkudj mu lkalkfjd vfHkyk"kkvksa ls tks vkRek ls ;q/n djrh
gSa] cps jgks ÑLUMOÐ$

NMKMGKYI+N\NNNYNVD GVR
NHVD JNVWNXVOVL]NNGNVLMV
NNXKGN
ONHXNGMXNL0UNJ6$WNVGT1JHGMUVJ6D@POOVHX@E31NYN6M
+NNRXNDL]+NNIRUJNVUKJ6D$PQNJMNGVI\@HXGNVGN[]GMXVGK
2I'UGKNV;UNN[JMVIRSNMLZN=FJOHVDIJ/ON\VXVGKPOGK
NV;UNPOGKGT1[\U2I'U[UYNQUNVDGVGNMNGHWNVMJNV
OGUKJ6$EOGVY\NRN@YNI5HGQCI9GNVNOV@LNLHWKRX
N6\K
QT9N5HNYNVDGVI\`NMNVDGNV>NNV\OGUKJ6DIWOOVPOVHXTGV
L]NNGVPXIJ/ONVDHVDL]RV
NIH\OGUNJ6WJNDLMRVPOVLMV
NNX
NUD[GMOGUVJ6DNPOLMIXD N+NKLNOGUVJ6D$
ijUrq tks ijL=hxeu djrk gS og fujk fucZq/n gS( tks vius izk.kksa dks
uk'k djuk pkgrk gS] ogh ,slk djrk gSA mldks ?kk;y vkSj viekfur
gksuk iM+sxk] vkSj mldh uke/kjkbZ dHkh u feVsxh ÑXKIURSX Ð$

2I+NSNMFTI@E31N
NI'URD+NNRXNYNVDGVIRXN
NGNGNMN
FXUNJ6ÑFFN=QK@+N]9UNYN6M^NÐ$

3-2 izyksHku ¼ijh{kk½ dh izfØ;k

tc fdlh dh ijh{kk gks] rks og ;g u dgs fd esjh ijh{kk ijes'oj
dh vksj ls gksrh gS( D;ksafd u rks cqjh ckrksa ls ijes'oj dh ijh{kk
gks ldrh gS] vkSj u og fdlh dh ijh{kk vki djrk gSA ijUrq izR;sd

8
HXGKWKU
O;fDr viuh gh vfHkyk"kk ls f[kapdj] vkSj Qaldj ijh{kk esa iM+rk
gSA fQj vfHkyk"kk xHkZorh gksdj iki dks tUe nsrh gS vkSj iki tc
c<+ tkrk gS rks e`R;q dks mRié djrk gSA gs esjs fiz; Hkkb;ks] /kks[kk
u [kkvksÑNGZF Ð$V

• YLXKJKYI+N\NNNOV>NKDSGM$
• 4DOGM JHNMKE31NDGHWNVMJNVWNUKJ6D$ZXNXK
N&QGN
Y)N=J6@†WN\HVD4DONXN$Ê
• YI+N\NNN[+N=RUKJNVUKJ6 E31NYNVDGVR
NHVDJNVWNUKJ6$
EOGNLIMNNHLNLJNVUNJ6$
[\UFNUNVD GV I\JHNMKYI+N\NNNYNVD GNWN[CUJNVXNYN6M
JHNMKYI+N\NNNYNVDGV`NMN>NKDSVWNXNLNLXJKDJ6$JHPOHVD4DO
+NK OGUV J6D  YN6M J +NK LNL XJKD J6$ LMDUT WF JH PX
YI+N\NNNYNVDGVR
NHVDJNVWNUVJ6D@UFJHLNLGMF6%UVJ6D$
GE=HOKJKIR
RNOKFVRWJ/RDGNVQNVNQVUVJ6D@'NVDIGPXGV
HXHVD[\UE31NDNYI+N\NNNDWN[CUJTE=J6D$JYLXVYNLHVD
LNLXJKDJ6$LMDUTWFRV[\UGNHGMXVGV`NMNNWNXFZ!GM
PX YI+N\NNNYNVD GV IRN HDV IRSNMNVD HVD >NNV WNXV GV `NMN PX
YI+N\NNNYNVDGVR
NHVDJNVWNUVJ6D@UFRVLNLGMUVJ6D$

3-3 'kSrku dh ;qfDr;ksa dks izxV djuk

N6UNXGKTI'UNVDHVDHT>LOVIX(XI\I>NUFNUVDOI(HI\UJ6D
3-3-1 /kks[kk
ijarq eSa Mjrk gwa fd tSls lkai us viuh prqjkbZ ls go dks cgdk;k]
oSls gh rqEgkjs eu ml lh/kkbZ vkSj ifo=rk ls tks elhg ds lkFk gksuk
pkfg,] dgha Hkz"V u gks tk,a ÑGTIMDÐ$

9
 HX GT+NZIH

N6UNXXVJ2RNGNVNNV>NNIQNÑLZN=LOVFJGNNÐ$
N6UNX
YLXKSUTMNE=OVJHNMVHXNVDGNVFJGNXVYN6M+N]9GMXVGNL]NO
GMUNJ6$

N6UNXNNV>NNQVXVRN\NJ6YN6MEOGNMNRJ!Z%GNVJHNMVOH^N
O5GVLHVDL][9GMJHVDO5OVQZM>NKDSXVGNL]NOGMUN
J6$
ßrqe vius firk 'kSrku ls gks] vkSj vius firk dh ykylkvksa dks iwjk
djuk pkgrs gksA og rks vkjEHk ls gR;kjk gS] vkSj lR; ij fLFkj u
jgk] D;kasfd lR; mlesa gsS gh ughaA tc og >wB cksyrk] rks vius
LoHkko gh ls cksyrk gS( D;kasfd og >wBk gS] oju >wB dk firk gSÞ
ÑZJ8XNÐ$

N6UNXGNV!Z%GNILUNGJN[NJ6$
vkSj og cM+k vtxj vFkkZr~ ogh iqjkuk lkai] tks bcyhl vkSj 'kSrku
dgykrk gS] vkSj lkjs lalkj dk Hkjekusokyk gS] i`Foh ij fxjk fn;k
x;k] vkSj mlds nwr mlds lkFk fxjk fn, x, ÑL]GNI
NURN'Ð$

RJOH/UODONMGNVFJGNUNJ6$
3-3-2 nks"k ;k vkjksi

N6UNXÑONUNXOÐ QNVN\[NXVRN\N

N6UNX+NNENVDLMQNVN\[NXVRN\NJ6$
vkSj og cM+k vtxj vFkkZr~ ogh iqjkuk lkai] tks bcyhl vkSj 'kSrku
dgykrk gS] vkSj lkjs lalkj dk Hkjekusokyk gS] i`Foh ij fxjk fn;k
x;k] vkSj mlds nwr mlds lkFk fxjk fn, x,A fQj eSaus LoxZ ij ls
;g cM+k 'kCn vkrs gq, lquk] ßvc gekjs ijes'oj dk m)kj] vkSj
lkeFkZ] vkSj jkT;] vkSj mlds elhg dk vf/kdkj izxV gqvk gS( D;ksafd

10
HXGKWKU
gekjs Hkkb;ksa ij nks"k yxkusokyk] tks jkr fnu gekjs ijes'oj ds
lkeus mu ij nks"k yxk;k djrk Fkk] fxjk fn;k x;k ÑL]GNI
NURN'
@Ð$

N6UNXOQ6RJHNMVHXNVDGVIRMNVNHVDGNHGMUNJ6@RJJHNMV
IRMNVNHVD+NKQNVN\[NUNJ6$
GE=IR
RNOK/RDGVIRNHVDGJKXUNLZN=†YNI5HG1IRÊOV
LKI0UMJUVJ6D$RVJHV
NN>NTQGNV†LNLK@YNV;@QI0U@Y
NTYN6M
YLN ÊGVLHVDQV>NUVJ6D$QMYO\JPXYNMNVLNVDGKRWJOV
J6WNVQT9N5HNDIR
RNIONVDGVHXNVDHVD0N\UKJ6D$IR
RNOKYXWNXV
HVDEXIRSNMNVDGNV/RKGNMGMUVJ6DYN6M>NTQGKYNVMPOKQCI9OV
QV>NUVJ6D$EOOVRVGHWNVM@IX5ONJK@OQ6RFVSNMVLXGKYR/)NNHVD@
QNVNK@FNMFNMGJKLNLGVI\L
SNUNLGMUVJTLNWNUVJ6D$
3-3-3 ijh{kk,a
bl dkj.k tc eq> ls vkSj u jgk x;k] rks rqEgkjs fo'okl dk gky
tkuus ds fy, Hkstk] fd dgha ,slk u gks fd ijh{kk djusokys us
rq E gkjh ijh{kk dh gks ] vkS j gekjk ifjJe O;FkZ gks x;k gks
ÑI)N/O\Ð$

rc ij[kus okys us ikl vkdj mlls dgk] ß;fn vki ijes'oj ds iq=
gSa] rks dgsa fd ;s iRFkj jksfV;ka cu tk,a ÑH5UKÐ$

N6UNXLMK^NN\VXVRN\NJ6@WNVJHVD+NMHNXVGKYN6MLMHV
RMGV
HNXGNVDOVQZM\VWNXVGKGNVI
N
NGMUNJ6@EOUMJRJJHDVLNL
GKYNVM\VWNUNJ6$

3-4- 'k=q gesa fdl rjg ijh{kk esa Mkyrk gS] ;g le>uk
fd 'kSrku dk ge ij nkao u pys] D;ksafd ge mldh ;qfDr;ksa ls
vutku ugha ÑGTIMÐ$

11
 HX GT+NZIH
TI'UNDÑZXNXKQRHPDÐ FNVN@FTI@L]RCI¿N@TI'U@HX@IRSNM@
HXHVDNVWXNFXNXN$O6UNXGKTI'UNDHXGV>NV\JNVUVJ6D RJ
HXGVIRMNVNHVDYNHNGMUKJ6D$
D;ksafd gekjk ,slk egk;ktd ugha] tks gekjh fucZyrkvksa esa gekjs
lkFk nq[kh u gks lds( oju~ og lc ckrkssa esa gekjs leku ij[kk rks
x;k] rkSHkh fu"iki fudyk ÑEF]NIXNVDÐ$

K
NTGKOFFNUNVDHVDLMK^NNJTE=YN6MPOKUMJJHNMK+NKLMK^NN
JNVUKJ6$
fQj ;h'kq ifo= vkRek ls Hkj x;k Ñ\ZGN Ð$

GVR\GJKUMKGN)NNIWOOV
N6UNXG<LXNGVHNHOV
GT1JK^NNNVDHVDK
NTGNVODONMGVMN7IQ>NNOGUN)NN$
K
NZWD[\HVD)NN$EOI\
N6UNXGVR\G<LXNGVHNHOV
K
NTGNV
N\VH\V[NJNV[NYN6MPOXVPOVHDIQMGVGD[NVMVLM
>N0N IGN JNV[N$ YU JH J IXGN= IXGN\UV J6D IG JHNMV
IRMNVNHVD GN= GMXV GN
N6UNXGNHT>UMKGNHXGV ^NV HVD J6
IWOOVRJJHNMKONHN8IRSNML]INHVDYLXVIRSNMNVD@G<LXNYNVD@
OT!NRNVDYN6MIS NVDYNIQGV`NMNJ/U^NVLGMUNJ6$
WFGNVE=LMK^NNHVDL0UNJ6@UFRJJXGJXVLNÑNGZF
 Ð@IGJHNMVHXNVDHVDYNXVRN\VIRSNM@IS @G<LXNDJHNMK

NNMKIMGYI+N\NNNYNVD@+NZ>NYN6MRNOXNYNVDGNVP¿NVIWUGMXVGVI\
J6D$WFJHNMKYI+N\NNNDWN[]UJNVUKJ6D@YN6MJHPXGKYNVM>NKDSV
WNUVJ6D@UFPXGNL]IUGNMGMXVGKJHNMKE31NGHWNVMJNVWNUK
J6@YN6MIQJHYN5HODHXJKDM>NUVJ6D@UNVJHPOGVR
NHVDJNVGM
LNLHVDL0WNUVJ6D$

12
HXGKWKU
HXHVDFTMVIRSNM@IS YN6MG<LXNYNVDGNYNXNLNLXJKDJNVUN$
FTMNE=GVIRNHVDONVSXNNPOIRSNMLMGN=GMXNLNLJ6$
JHEXIRSNMNVDGNVYNXVOVMNVGXJKDOGUV@\VIGXJHP8JVD
JHNMVHXHVDFXVMJXVOVMNVGOGUVJ6D$

3-5 vfHkyk"kkvksa ds rhu {ks=

gOok dh ijh{kk
EOI\VWF/ KXVQV>NNIGPORC^NGN4\>NNXVHVDY31N@QV>NXV
HVDHX+NNc@YN6MFTIQVXVGVI\VSNJXVNV;+NKJ6@UFPOXVPOHVD
OVUNV0GM>NNNYN6MYLXVLIUGNV+NKIQN@YN6MPOXV+NK>NNN
ÑP5LI¿NÐ$
rqe u rks lalkj ls vkSj u lalkj esa dh oLrqvksa ls isze j[kksA ;fn
dksbZ lalkj ls isze j[krk gS] rks mlesa firk dk isz e ugha gSA D;ksafd
tks dqN lalkj esa gS] vFkkZr~ 'kjhj dh vfHkyk"kk] vkSj vka[kksa dh
vfHkyk"kk vkSj thfodk dk ?ke.M og firk dh vksj ls ugha] ijUrq
lalkj gh dh vksj ls gS ÑZJ8XN@Ð

3-5-1 'kjhj dh vfHkyk"kk

LMHV
RMRNOXNHYI+N\NNNYNVD@\N\ONYNVD YN6M+NZ>NGKYXTHIU
XJKD QVUN$
J2RNXVQV>NNIGÊRC^NGN4\>NNXVHVDY31NJ6$†
3-5-2 vka[kksa dh vfHkyk"kk
ÊYND>NNVDGKYI+N\NNN†HVDPOVYLXNXN
NNIH\XJKDJ6$RJPOLM
IRSNMGMGVODUT9JNVUNJ6$J
NMKMGKYI+N\NNNOVcDSVQWV=GK
YI+N\NNNJ6@RJHNXIOGODUTI9>NNVWUKJ6@WFIGQZOMV
NNMKIMG
ODUTI9LNXNSNJUVJ6DÑIR8OVD9GN
N&QYXÐ
J2RNXVQV>NNIGÊRJQV>NXVHVDHX+NNcJ6$†
13
 HX GT+NZIH
3-5-3 thfodk dk ?keaM
2)N= "NHD0$HXTGNYJDGNM$RJ"NHD0WNV JHVD JONVSXV LM
HWFZMGMUNJ6IGJH/RDGVF\FZUVLMOFGT1GMOGUVJ6D@
RJJHVDLMHV
RMOV/RUD GMUNJ6$
J2RNXVQV>NNIGRC^NGN4\ÊFTIQVXVGVI\SNJXVNV;
J6$†

N6UNXGKLMK^NNDDYI+N\NNNYNVDGVEX^NV NVDGNVYLXNIX
NNXN
FXNUKJ6D$
fØ;k
YN5HLMK^NNGVI\IGEXUKXNVD^NV NVDHVDYDQNWXL]IU
NUGV
ODQ+N=HVDIGUXVODRVQX
NK\J6D?
•
NMKMGKYI+N\NNN
• YND>NNVDGKYI+N\NNN
• WKIRGNGN"NHD0

3-6 x<+ fdl rjg curs gSa ;g le>uk

D;ksfd ;|fi ge 'kjhj esa pyrs fQjrs gSa] rkSHkh 'kjhj ds vuqlkj ugha
yM+rsA D;ksafd gekjh yM+kbZ ds gfFk;kj 'kkjhfjd ugha] ij x<+ksa dks
<k nsus ds fy, ijes'oj ds }kjk lkeFkhZ gSaA blfy, ge dYiukvksa
dks] vkSj gj ,d Åaph ckr dks] tks ijes'oj dh igpku ds fojks/k easa
mBrh gS] [k.Mu djrs gSa( vkSj gj ,d Hkkouk dks dSn djds elhg
dh vkKkdkjh cuk nsrs gSaA vkSj rS;kj jgrs gSa fd tc rqEgkjk vkKk
ekuuk iwjk gks tk,] rks gj ,d izdkj ds vkKk u ekuus dk iyVk
ysaÑGTIM Ð$

•IRSNM
14
HXGKWKU
•IRRNQÑUG=Ð
•G<LXN
• [ IG\N$JJHNMVHXGVIGOK+NK^NV DGNVQ
NN=UNJ6
IWOV QT9N5HNYNVD XV YLXV G&WV HVD IGN J6@ N IWO LM
HNVSN=FDQKGKJ6$
ONHN8UN@EOGNYNMD+NG1NV9VOVIRSNMOVJNVUNJ6$J
IRSNMG<LXN@OT!NR@
N&QNIS JNVOGUNJ6@WNVQT9N5HN`NMN
JHNMVHXHVDOKNV0N\NWNUNJ6@WNVJHNMKONHN8IRSNML]INYNVD
HVDQ>N\QVUNJ6$IWXFNUNVDGNVJHIGOKGNVGJUVJTOTXUVJ6D N
WNVJHQV>NUVJ6D@PXGV`NMNJYNOGUNJ6$
[\UIRSNMGNEOOHIQJH>ND0XXJKDGMUV@UNVRJ
FGMfookn ¼rdZ½ FXWNUNJ6$I4MRJO5NLMHV
RMGV
RSX`NMNIXNN=IMUHNXGGVIRMNVNHVDÑLMHV
RMGV.NXGVIRMNVN
HVDÐIRRNQGMXNYNMD+NGMUNJ6$
JHNMVHXNVDOVLMHV
RMGVRSXGNVJ9NXVGVFNQ@UG=G<LXN
FXWNUNJ6@WJNDLMJH>NTQGNVRJNDJNVUVJTNPOGN=GNV
GMUVJTQV>NUVJ6DIWOVJHNMVIRSNMXVOT!NNJ6$JO3SVWKRX
GVGMKFGKFNUJ6@JL]NOS\[UKJ6$
IQJHdYiukvksa dks G6QXJKDGMUV@UNVRJJHVVDFNMFNM
POINNNXGKYNVMÑHD)NXGMXNÐ\VWNUNJ6@WNV2I'UGV
HXHVD[FXWNUNJ6$[IRSNMNVD@UG=@IRRNQNVDYN6MG<LXNYNVDGN
"NMJ6$JJHNMVL]NNGNRJ^NV J6IWOLM
N ZXVIXD NGM
I\NJ6@YURRJJHNMKYXN.NGNIMUNGNGNMNFXNJ6$
YN.NGNIMUN GNV LZMN GMXV JVUT@ Y)NN=U@ JHNMV WKRXNVD GNV
LMHV
RMGNYN.NGNMKFXNXV JVUT@JHVD TGV YLXV JI)NNMNVD GNV
PLNV[GMXNJ6UNIGJH[NVDGNVNOGVD@G<LXNYNVDYN6MIRRNQNVD
15
 HX GT+NZIH
GN>ND0XGMOGVDYN6MJMIRSNMGNVLMHV
RMGVRSXYN6MHOKJ
GKL]+NTUNHVDG6QGMOGVD$
mnkgj.k
JHGWRNX2I'UGVIRNHVDONVSVDWNVYNMD+NHVD
NMNFÑNGNVE=
X
NK\N LVÐ XJKD LKUN )NN$ POGK HT\NGNU G VOV LNOFNX
L]SNMGOVJNVUKJ6WNVGIRRNJ+NNVWGVQN6MNX
NMNFGNG1NV9N
,N\N\VUNJ6$
N TEO1NV9VOVYROMGNPLNV[GMPOWRNX
GV IQHN[HVD GIRSNM0N\OGUNJ6 ÊLNOFNX#L]SNMGUNV

NMNFLKUVJ6D@EOI\JH+NK
NMNFLKOGUVJ6D$†RJWRNXYLXV
HXHVDEXFNUNVDLMIRSNMGMXV\[UNJ6$I4MRJYLXVHXHVD
IRRNQNUG=GMXV\[UNJ6$ÊL]+NT+NNVWHXNUVOHI[MWN"NMHVD
QN>NMOIQNWNUNJ6$K
NTXVLNXKGNVQN>NMOHDVFQ\N$H6DXVPO
L]SNMGGNV)NNV0K 
NMNFLKUVQV>NN$H6XD V PO2I'UGNVYN6M+NKHNQG
LVLKUVQV>NNJ6$HVMVO+NKIH LKUVJ6DYN6MI4M+NKRVY31V\NV[
J6D$H6D +NKEOFNUGNNXM>NZD[NIGH6D
NMNFLKGMNTUXJNV
WNcD$EOI\IQH6DG+NKG+NK
NMNFLK\ZD@UNVEOHVDGT1[\U
XJKDJNV[N$†EOL]GNMUG=YN6MIRRNQHXHVDP+NMUVYN6MP%UVWNUV
J6D@WNV>NTQGNVLMHV
RMGV.NXGVIRMNVNHVDP%NUVJ6D$W<QJK
G<LXNPOGVHXHVDMD[+NMXV\[UKJ6$RJYLXVYNLGNVIH NVDGV
ON)N
NMNFGKQTGNXLMQV>NXV\[UNJ6NY8YROMNVDLMQV>NUN
J6WJNDLMRJ
NMNFLKUNJ6$YN6MPOGVFNQW<QJK@RJVON
GMXVGK
NTRNUGMUNJ6$OHGVON)N@WNVGG+NKG+NNMGK
"N9XNGVLHVD
NTJTYN)NN@YFYNQUYN6MYDUUYNR
GUN
FXWNUNJ6$[U6NMJNV[NYN6MRJWRNX2I'UFDNXHVDYN
[N$

3-7 [krjukd vuqØe

• 1\RSXGVIRMNVNHVDIRRNQNONHN8YNSMNWNVLUX@
QHX@L]IUF8NYN6MYODIHUYNSMNGKYNVM\VWNUNJ6$
16
HXGKWKU
•PQNOKYRONQ@JUN
NN@QT>N@IXIUN@\NSNMK@IXMN
NN@Y
NZMVLXGK+NNRXN$
•QFNRGTS\NJTYNNLMNIWUÑIRR
NGMXVRN\VIRSNM@IRR
N
GMXV RN\K +NNRXND@ IRR
N GMXV RN\N YNSMN@ YONHN8
OH/NDÐ$
•[]/UUNÑOUNRÐI"NMNJTYN@QT9N5HNOV[]/U@YXTISUL]HNNHVD
GJKIRSNMLMY0NJTYN$
•G&WNIXRNOGMXN@G&WNGMXN@IXD NGMXN@L]+NNRWHNXN@
MN7GMXN@YINGNMWUNXN$
3-8 ;q) ds gfFk;kj
D;ksafd gekjh yM+kbZ ds gfFk;kj 'kkjhfjd ugha] ij x<+ksa dks <k nsus
ds fy, ijes'oj ds }kjk lkeFkhZ gSa ÑGTIMÐ$

LMHV
RMXVJHVDWNVYNI5HGJI)NNMIQJ6D@PXOVJH
• JMIRSNMGNVG6QGMOGUVJ6D@
• LMHV
RMGVRSXGNIRMNVNGMXVRN\KIRRNQNVDÑUG=ÐGN>ND0X
GMOGUVJ6D@
• G<LXNYNVDGN>ND0XGMOGUVJ6DYN6M
• [NVDGNVNOGUVJ6D$
JHNMVLNOWNVJI)NNMJ6D@P8JVDJHWNXUVJ6D
LMHV
RMGNFNV\N[NRSX
K
NT GNPQNJMNÑH¿NK Ð$
vkSj m)kj dk Vksi] vkSj vkRek dh ryokj tks ijes'oj dk opu gS]
ys yks ÑEI4IONVDÐ@

17
 HX GT+NZIH
vkSj os esEus ds yksgw ds dkj.k] vkSj viuh xokgh ds opu ds dkj.k]
ml ij t;oUr gq,] vkSj mUgksaus vius izk.kksa dks fiz; u tkuk] ;gka
rd fd e`R;q Hkh lg yh ÑL]GNI
NURN'Ð$

• K
NTGNXNH
vkSj fo'okl djusokyksa esa ;s fpUg gksaxs fd os esjs uke ls nq"VkRekvksa
dks fudkysaxs] ubZ ubZ Hkk"kk cksysaxs] lkaiksa dks mBk ysaxs ÑHMGTOÐ

• HV(XVGN\NVJZ
vkSj os esEus ds yksgw ds dkj.k] vkSj viuh xokgh ds opu ds dkj.k]
ml ij t;oUr gq,] vkSj mUgksaus vius izk.kksa dks fiz; u tkuk] ;gka
rd fd e`R;q Hkh lg yh ÑL]GNI
NURN'Ð$

• JHNMVJNV%NVDLMPOGK/UTIU
rw us vius cSfj;ksa ds dkj.k cPpksa vkSj nw/k fimvksa ds }kjk lkeF;Z
dh uso Mkyh gS] rkfd rw 'k=q vkSj iyVk ysusokyksa dks jksd j[ks
¼Hktu 8%2½A ÑQV>NVDH¿NKÐ$

muds d.B ls bZ'oj dh iz'kalk gks] vkSj muds gkFkksa esa nks/kkjh
ryokjsa jgsa] fd os vU;tkfr;ksa ls iyVk ys ldsa] vkSj jkT; jkT; ds
yksxksa dks rkM+uk nsa Ñ+NWX@Ð$

WFFTMVIRSNM@IRRNQNG<LXNDJHNMVHXNVDHVDYNUKJ6D@UF
JHPXGVPtV
GNIRMNVNGMXVRN\VLMHV
RMGVRSXGNVFNV\GM
ÑNONVSGMÐP8JVDXGNMOGUVJ6D$

3-9 gekjs m)kj dk Vksi

D;kasfd [kruk djkusokys Lo;a rks O;oLFkk ij ugha pyrs] ijarq
rqEgkjk [kruk djkuk blfy, pkgrs gSa fd rqEgkjh 'kkjhfjd n'kk ij
?ke.M djsaA ijarq ,slk u gks] fd eSa vkSj fdlh ckr dk ?ke.M d:a]
dsoy gekjs izHkq ;h'kq elhg ds Øwl dk ftlds }kjk lalkj esjh n`f"V
18
HXGKWKU
esa vkSj eSa lalkj dh n`f"V esa Øwl ij p<+k;k x;k gwaA D;ksafd u
[kruk] vkSj u [krukjfgr dqN gS] ijUrq ubZ l`f"VA vkSj ftrus bl
fu;e ij pysaxs mu ij] vkSj ijes'oj ds blzk,y ij] 'kkfUr vkSj
n;k gksrh jgsA vkxs dks dksbZ eq>s nq[k u ns] D;ksafd eSa ;h'kq ds nkxksa
dks viuh nsg esa fy, fQjrk gwa ÑEI4IONVD Ð$

PNMGN9NVLHXNIQHN[GKM^NNGMUNJ6$
IQIOLNJK9NVLXJKDLJXV[N@UNVRJ
N TGKGT%NMGNN
U\RNMGNYNONXKOVGN6MJNVWN[N$POGNOMG9GMNMN
NNK
JNV WN[N
JHLMHV
RM`NMNJHNMVI\LJ\VJKIG[PNMGVGN=
OVYLXVHXNVDGNVWNV0GMÑIRSNM@UG=YN6MG<LXNDÐPNMGN9NVL
LJXUV J6D$
PNMYN6MPOHDVOHNIJUFNUNVDGKOH!LND$
YLXVHXNVDHVDPNMGKO3SNE=GVL]IUYN
R/UJNVD$
LMHV
RM`NMNJHVDIQ[PNMGVON)NOJHUJNVGMIRSNM
GMVD$
EOOV JHVD JYN
RNOXIH\UNJ6 IGJHXV PNMGN9NVL
LJXNJ6$WFJHYLXV PNMGNV WNXUV J6D YN6MYLXV HXNVD GNV
POOVWNV0UVJ6D@UFJHJHNMVHXNVDLM
N6UNXGVJNVXVRN\VYNHNNVD
OVL]+NNRKLOV>NTQGKM^NNGMUVJ6D$

3-10 eu esa dk;Zokgh djuk

bl dkj.k viuh viuh cqf) dh dej ckU/kdj] vkSj lpsr jgdj
ml vuqxzg dh iwjh vk'kk j[kks] tks ;h'kq elhg ds izxV gksus ds le;
rqEgsa feyusokyk gS ÑLUMOÐ$

19
 HX GT+NZIH
FTIÑZXNXKGLDQRLDÐ=[D+NKMIRSNM@G<LXN@HX@OH!$
YLXKFTIGKGHMFN8NGMÑYLXKNNVUKGOGMÐ$
rc ;gksok dh 'kfDr ,fy¸;kg ij ,slh gqbZ] fd og dej ckU/kdj
vgkc ds vkxs vkxs f;tzSy rd nkSM+rk pyk x;k ÑMNWNÐ$

JHVDYLXVHXLMIXD NM>NXNJ6$
HVMNHXHVMNJ6$
HVMVHXHVDGN6XOVIRSNMS\XVSNIJJIXN=H6D\ZD[N$
H6DYLXVHXGNVIXtV
+N9GXVQVXVOVE8GNMGMUNJZD$
JHVDIXIUNGNVQZMJ9NXNJ6$JHVDYLXVHXNVDGNVIM'UXJKD
M>NXNJ6$
>NN\K"NM
N6UNXGKGN=
NN\NJNVUNJ6$

3-11 gekjs euksa ij fu;a=.k djuk & 'kkjhfjd vfHkyk"kkvksa

ds lkFk yM+uk
vkSj tks elhg ;h'kq ds gSa] mUgksaus 'kjhj dks mldh ykylkvksa vkSj
vfHkyk"kkvksa lesr Øwl ij p<+k fn;k gS Ñ[\NIUNVDÐ$

D;ksafd ;fn rqe 'kjhj ds vuqlkj fnu dkVksxs] rks ejksxs( ;fn vkRek
ls nsg dh fØ;kvksa dks ekjksxs] rks thfor jgksxs ÑMNVIHNVD Ð$

WNV+NKJH[]JNGMUVJ6D@RJFUNJ6$IWOVJH+NZ>NNM>NUV
J6D@RJHMWNUNJ6$JHVDÊ
NMKMGKYI+N\NNNYNVD†@JHNMV
NMKMYN6M
HXGKYNHK=YI+N\NNNYNVD+NZ>NNM>NXNJ6$
lc ckrksa dks ij[kks( tks vPNh gS mls idM+s jgks ÑI)N/O\Ð$

20
HXGKWKU

3-12 vius euksa ij fu;a=.k djuk & vXuhe; rhjksa dk

izfrdkj djuk
HT!VJOH!XVGKWMUJ6IGHVMNHXHVMNJ6$
HT!VJMIRSNM@JMUG=YN6MJMG<LXNGNVLMHV
RMGVRSX
GVL]GN
NHVDLM>NXNJ6NPOGNHZ<NDGXGMXNJ6$
JMIRSNMGNVYXT
NNIOUGMVDYN6MJMIRSNMGNIXL9NMNGMVD
ÑFNDNXN
NGMVDÐ$
HT!VYLXVHXHVDRSXFNV\XNJ6$JMXGNMN5HGIRSNMOV
1T9GNMNLNXVGVI\HT!VQOOGNMN5HGIRSNMNVDGKWMUJNV
OGUKJ6$
HVMVWKRXGVJM^NV GVODFDNHVDHT!VYLXVHXHVDXIS NVD
GNV MD[XNJ6$HT!V LMHV
RMGV RSXGV YNNNMLMXIS NVD YN6M
G<LXNYNVDGNVP5L8XGMXNJ6$
3-13 ftu 'kCnksa dks yksx cksyrs gSa
mUgksaus viuh thHk dks ryokj dh ukbaZ rst fd;k gS] vkSj vius dM+os
opuksa ds rhjksa dks p<+k;k gS Ñ+NWXÐ$

,sls yksx gaS ftudk fcuk lkspfopkj dk cksyuk ryokj dh ukbZ pqHkrk
gS] ijUrq cqf/neku ds cksyus ls yksx paxs gksrs gSa ÑXKIURSXÐ$

euHkkous opu e/kqHkjs NÙks dh ukbZ izk.kksa dks ehBs yxrs] vkSj gfì;ksa
dks gjh&Hkjh djrs gSaÑXKIURSXÐ$

lEefr dks lqu ys] vkSj f'k{kk dks xzg.k dj] fd rw vUrdky esa cqf/
neku BgjsA gs esjs iq=] ;fn rw HkVduk pkgrk gS] rks f'k{kk dk lquuk
NksM+ nsÑXKIURSX@Ð$

21
 HX GT+NZIH
\NV[WNV GJUV J6D POV OTXXV N1NV0 QVXV GKNV;UNJHVD
YLXNXNJ6$
IWX
N&QNVDGNV\NV[FNV\UVJ6DRVNUNVL]NN HX@E31NYNVD@
+NNRXNYNVD GNVYN
NKNL]QNXGMUVJ6DNSNV9LJTDSNUVJ6D$
EOI\JHVD XGNMN5HG
N&QNVD GV L]+NNRGNIRMNVNGMXV YN6M
P8JVDOKIHUGMXVGKNV;UNGKWMUJ6$
LMHV
RMXV LJ\V JKYNLOV WNV GJNJ6@POGKOJNUNOV
\NV[NVD`NMNGJV[XGNMN5HG
N&QNVDGNIRMNVNGMVD$ÊH6DRJKJZDWNV
LMHV
RMGJUNJ6$H6DRJKGMOGUNJZD@WNVLMHV
RMGJUNJ6IG
H6DGMOGUNJZD$H6DRJOFGT1FXZD[NIWOGKLMHV
RMXVL]IU.N
GKJ6†

3-14 fpark ij fot; ikuk

ftldk eu rq> esa /khjt /kjs gq, gSa] mldh rw iw.kZ 'kkfUr ds lkFk
j{kk djrk gS] D;ksafd og rq> ij Hkjkslk j[krk gS Ñ
NNNJÐ$

LZN=
NNDIUÑ
NN\NVH
NN\NVHÐ
HXÑEF]NXKÐ YRNNMNN@NDSN@NDSVHVD M>NKR/UT@G<LXN@HX@
GN=$
NKMWNMVJ6D ÑIX+N=MMJXN@IR-NHGMXNÐ
LZN=
NNDIUHVD S\XV JVUT JHVD YLXV HXNVD GNV YXT
NNIOUGMXN
JNV[N@UNIGRJL]+NTLMIX+N=MMJV@POHVDIR-NHGMV$JHVDPXIRSNMNVD
GNVFXNM>NXNJ6WNVL]+NTLMJHNMKIX+N=MUNGNV2'UGMUVJ6DYN6M
PXLIMNNHNVDLMWNVL]+NTLMJHNMKIX+N=MUNOVYNUVJ6D$

22
HXGKWKU """"
gs lc ifjJe djusokyks vkSj cks> ls ncs gq, yksxks] esjs ikl vkvks(
eSa rqEgas foJke nwaxkA esjk twvk vius Åij mBk yks] vkSj eq> ls
lh[kks] D;ksafd eSa uez vkSj eu esa nhu gwa( vkSj rqe vius eu esa foJke
ikvksxsA D;kasfd esjk twvk lgt vkSj esjk cks> gYdk gS ÑH¿NK
 Ð$

vkSj viuh lkjh fpUrk mlh ij Mky nks] D;ksafd mldks rqEgkjk /;ku
gS ÑLUMOÐ$

fdlh Hkh ckr dh fpUrk er djks( ijUrq gj ,d ckr esa rqEgkjs

fuosnu] izkFkZuk vkSj fcurh ds }kjk /kU;okn ds lkFk ijes'oj ds
lEeq[k mifLFkr fd, tk,aA rc ijes'oj dh 'kkfUr] tks le> ls
fcydqy ijs gS] rqEgkjs ân; vkSj rqEgkjs fopkjksa dks elhg ;h'kq esa
lqjf{kr j[ksxh ÑI4I\I,LNVD@Ð$

L]N)N=XNGVHNHOVJHYLXKISDUNYNVDGVFQ\V@POGK
NNDIU
LNOGUVJ6DWNVJHNMVkQNVDYN6MHXNVDGKM^NNGMVD[K$JHL]N)N=XNGV
HNHOVYLXVFNV!GNVPOGVSMNNVDHVDM>NOGUVJ6D$
fØ;k
EO^NNYNLGVWKRXGKUKXOFOVF0KISDUND'NJ6D?



GVD@L]N)N=XNGMVD YN6MYLXKISDUNYNVD GV FQ\V@POGK
NNDIU
LND$

23
 HX GT+NZIH

3-15 x<+ksa dks <kuk

[NVDGNVNXVGVI\YN6MGNHGKWMUJNVUKJ6$
L]IUIQXHXOVIRSNM@UG=YN6MG<LXNDYNUKWNUKMJUKJ6D$
\VIGX[\(FVOHOVFXUVWNUVJ6D$
• L
SNUNLGMVD$L
SNUNLGNHN Y)N=YNLGVIRSNMHVDFQ\NR
J6$Y\[ONVSXV\[VD$
PO^NV GNVLMHV
RMGVJN)NNVDHVDQVD$
blfy, ijes'oj ds vk/khu gks tkvks( vkSj 'kSrku dk lkeuk djks] rks
og rqEgkjs ikl ls Hkkx fudysxk ÑNGZFÐ$

PXQT9N5HNYNVDGNE8GNMGMVDÑONHXNGMVDÐIW8JNVDXVL]RV
NLNN
JNV[N$
POJMINGNV5N[QVDIWOXVQT9N5HNGVL]+NNRNVDGVI\
`NMNVDGNV>NNV\NJ6$
bZVksa dks gVk,aA x<+ og ^?kj* gS tks fopkjksa ls cuk gSA x<+ dks cukus
okyh blesa ls gj ,d bZV dks opu ls gVkuk gSA ijes'oj dk opu
gFkksM+s ds leku gS tks mUgsa rksM+rk gS ÑIH=NJÐ$

3-16 gekjh lgk;rk ds fy, opu

IX(XI\I>NUGVIRMNVNHVDFSNR
• I/ NVDGVI\RNOXN
mldh lqUnjrk ns[kdj vius eu esa mldh vfHkyk"kk u dj( og rq>s
vius dVk{k ls Qalkus u ik, ÑXKIURSXÐ

viuk cy fL=;ksa dks u nsuk] u viuk thou muds o'k dj nsuk tks
jktkvksa dk ikS#"k [kks nsrh gS ÑXKIURSXÐ
24
HXGKWKU
• +N
D;ksafd ijes'oj us gesa Hk; dh ugha] ijarq lkeFkZ] vkSj isze] vkSj la;e
dh vkRek nh gS ÑUKHTÐ

nq"V yksx tc dksbZ ihNk ugha djrk rc Hkh Hkkxrs gSa] ijUrq /kehZ yksx
toku flgksa ds leku fuMj jgrs gSa ÑXKIURSXÐ

• IUM/GNM
D;ksafd rw /kehZ dks vk'kh"k nsxk( gs ;gksok] rw mldks vius vuqxzg:ih
<ky ls ?ksjs jgsxk Ñ+NWXÐ

rsjs MjoS;s eq>s ns[kdj vkufUnr gksaxs] D;ksafd eSaus rsjs opu ij
vk'kk yxkbZ gS Ñ+NWXÐ

• ISDUN
fdlh Hkh ckr dh fpUrk er djks( ijUrq gj ,d ckr esa rqEgkjs
fuosnu] izkFkZuk vkSj fcurh ds }kjk /kU;okn ds lkFk ijes'oj ds
lEeq[k mifLFkr fd, tk,aA rc ijes'oj dh 'kkfUr] tks le> ls
fcydqy ijs gS] rqEgkjs ân; vkSj rqEgkjs fopkjksa dks elhg ;h'kq esa
lqjf{kr j[ksxh ÑI4I\I,LNVD Ð

• P\!X
D;ksafd ijes'oj xM+cMh dk ugha] ijUrq 'kkfUr dk drkZ gS( tSlk
ifo= yksxksa dh lc dyhfl;kvksa esa gS ÑGTIMÐ
• GN[]UNGNY+NNR
D;ksafd ijes'oj us gesa Hk; dh ugha] ijarq lkeFkZ] vkSj isze] vkSj la;e
dh vkRek nh gS ÑUKHTÐ

/R/)NHXHVDG/R/)NNQ@/R/)NGN[]UNYN6M/R/)NOH!
JNVUKJ6$
25
 HX GT+NZIH
• QNVNÑYNMNVL@YLMNNFNVN@YNV;UNÐ
blfy, vc tks elhg ;h'kq esa gSa] mu ij n.M dh vkKk ugha( D;kasafd
os 'kjhj ds vuqlkj ugha] oju~ vkRek ds vuqlkj pyrs gSaA ijes'oj
ds pqus gqvksa ij nks"k dkSu yxk,xk\ ijes'oj og gS tks mudks /kehZ
Bgjkusokyk gSA fQj dkSu gS tks n.M dh vkKk nsxk\ elhg og gS tks
ej x;k] oju~ eqnksaZ esa ls th Hkh mBk] vkSj ijes'oj dh nkfguh vksj
gS] vkSj gekjs fy, fuosnu Hkh djrk gS ÑMNVIHNVD @@Ð$

26
HXGKWKU

4
vkids eu dk uohuhdj.k
4-1 u;k tUe ikus ls igys gekjs eu dh n'kk
• Y8NV
ijUrq os efreUn gks x,] D;ksafd vkt rd iqjkus fu;e ds i<+rs le;
muds ân;ksa ij ogh ijnk iM+k jgrk gS( ij og elhg esa mB tkrk
gSA vkSj vkt rd tc dHkh ewlk dh iqLrd i<+h tkrh gS] rks muds
ân; ij ijnk iM+k jgrk gS ÑGTIMÐ$

ijUrq ;fn gekjs lqlekpkj ij ijnk iM+k gS] rks ;g uk'k gksusokyksa
gh ds fy, iM+k gSA vkSj mu vfo'okfl;ksa ds fy,] ftudh cqf/n dks
bl lalkj ds bZ'oj us vU/kh dj nh gS] rkfd elhg tks ijes'oj dk
izfr:i gS] mlds rstkse; lqlekpkj dk izdk'k mu ij u peds
ÑGTIM@Ð$

•
NNMKIMG
D;kasfd 'kkjhfjd O;fDr 'kjhj dh ckrksa ij eu yxkrs gSa( ijUrq vk/
;kfRed vkRek dh ckrksa ij eu yxkrs gSaA 'kjhj ij eu yxkuk rks
e`R;q gS] ijUrq vkRek ij eu yxkuk thou vkSj 'kkfUr gSA D;ksafd
'kjhj ij eu yxkuk rks ijes'oj ls cSj j[kuk gS] D;ksafd og u rks
ijes'oj dh O;oLFkk ds vk/khu gS] vkSj u gks ldrk gSA vkSj tks
'kkjhfjd n'kk esa gSa] os ijes'oj dks izlé ugha dj ldrsA
ÑMNVIHNVD Ð$

• HXOVF6MK
vkSj mlus vc mldh 'kkjhfjd nsg esa e`R;q ds }kjk rqEgkjk Hkh esy
dj fy;k tks igys fudkys gq, Fks vkSj cqjs dkeksa ds dkj.k eu ls cSjh
Fks ¼dqyqfLl;ksa 1%21½A
27
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
• LNLKÑ+N]9ÐHX
vkSj tc mUgksaus ijes'oj dks igpkuuk u pkgk] blfy, ijes'oj us
Hkh mUgsa muds fudEes eu ij NksM+ fn;k] fd os vuqfpr dke djsa
ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$

• ODONIMG
mudk vUr fouk'k gS] mudk bZ'oj isV gS] os viuh yTtk dh ckrksa
ij ?ke.M djrs gaS] vkSj i`Foh dh oLrqvksa ij eu yxk, jgrs gSaA
ÑI4I\I,LNVD Ð$

•
NNMKIMGOH!LM2)N=4Z\XVRN\N
dksbZ euq"; nhurk vkSj LoxZnwrksa dh iwtk djds rqEgsa nkSM+ ds
izfrQy ls oafpr u djsA ,slk euq"; ns[kh gqbZ ckrksa esa yxk jgrk
gS vkSj viuh 'kkjhfjd le> ij O;FkZ Qwyrk gS ÑGT\TI/ONVD Ð$

• Y
NTNQTINUHX
'kq) yksxksa ds fy, lc oLrq 'kq) gS] ijarq v'kq) vkSj vfo'okfl;ksa
ds fy, dqN Hkh 'kq) ugha] oju~ mudh cqf) vkSj foosd nksuksa v'kq)
gSa ÑUKUTOÐ$

XNW8HLNXV GV FNQ+NKIR

RNOKGV HXGKJQ
NNJNV
OGUKJ6$

4-2- gekjs euksa ds uohuhdj.k dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\

vkSj bl lalkj ds ln`'k u cuks] ijUrq rqEgkjh cqf) ds u, gks tkus
ls rqEgkjk pky&pyu Hkh cnyrk tk,] ftlls rqe ijes'oj dh Hkyh]
vkSj Hkkorh] vkSj fl) bPNk vuqHko ls ekywe djrs jgks ÑMNVIHNVDÐ

28
HXGKWKU
UT(JNMKFTIÑZXNXKXNVYO FTI@OH!QRXVÐGV XJNV
WNXV ÑLTXNM@ OTNNMÐ OV UT(JNMN SN\ S\X +NK FQ\UN WN
ÑZXNXKHV9:HN:4=Z metamorphooÐ$
fd rqe vxys pkypyu ds iqjkus euq";Ro dks tks Hkjekusokyh
vfHkyk"kkvksa ds vuqlkj Hkz"V gksrk tkrk gS] mrkj Mkyks( vkSj vius
eu ds vkfRed LoHkko esa u;s curs tkvksA vkSj u;s euq";Ro dks igu
yks] tks ijes'oj ds vuqlkj lR; dh /kkfeZdrk vkSj ifo=rk esa l`tk
x;k gS ÑEI4IONVD Ð$

YLXVHXGVYNI5HG/R+NNRHVDXVFXUVWNYNV$
nq"V viuh pkypyu vkSj vuFkZdkjh vius lksp fopkj NksM+dj ;gksok
gh dh vksj fQjs] og ml ij n;k djsxk] og gekjs ijes'oj dh vksj
fQjs vkSj og iwjh jhfr ls mldks {kek djsxkA D;ksafd ;gksok dgrk
gS] esjs fopkj vkSj rqEgkjs fopkj ,d leku ugha gSa] u rqEgkjh xfr
vkSj esjh xfr ,d lh gSA D;ksafd esjh vkSj rqEgkjh xfr esa vkSj esjs
vkSj rqEgkjs lksp fopkjksa esa] vkdk'k vkSj i`Foh dk vUrj gS
Ñ
NN Ð$

[IUÑEF]NXK0VMVGÐ HN[=ÑIWOLMS\N[NJ6ÐY\DGNIMG@
WKRXGNHN[=@NGN=
N6\K@L])NN@UMKGN@N N$
YLXKFTIGVXRKXKGMNOV† JHYLXVPXIRSNMNVD@HN[NV=D
GNV5N[UVJ6D@WNV
NNMKIMG@ODONIMGYN6M+N]9J6DYN6MLMHV
RMGV
HN[NV=DYN6MIRSNMNVDGNVYLXNUVJ6D$
vkSj ifo= vkRek Hkh gesa ;gh xokgh nsrk gS( D;ksafd mlus igys dgk
Fkk] fd izHkq dgrk gS fd tks okpk eSa mu fnuksa ds ckn muls ckU/kwaxk
og ;g gS] fd eSa viuh O;oLFkkvksa dks muds ân; ij fy[kawxk vkSj
eSa muds foosd esa Mkywaxk ÑEF]NIXNVD@Ð$Ñ+NKQV>NDVEF]NIXNVD Ð$

29
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
LMHV
RMSNJUNJ6IGJHNMVIRSNMNVDYN6MG<LXNYNVDLMPOGN
RSXYDIGUJNV$FTIGNXRKXKGMNGIXMDUMS\XVRN\K@FNM
FNMJNVXVRN\KL]INJ6$RJGN4KOHUGWNMKMJUKJ6$
LMHV
RMGV RSXOV GT1WNXXV GNHU\FJHNMV HXNVD GN
XRKXKGMNJTYNJ6VONXJKDJ6$

4-3- opu dk gekjs euksa ij izHkko

D;ksafd ijes'oj dk opu thfor] vkSj izcy] vkSj gj ,d nks/kkjh
ryokj ls Hkh cgqr pks[kk gS] vkSj tho] vkSj vkRek dks] vkSj xkaB
xkaB] vkSj xwns xwns dks vyx djds] okj ikj Nsnrk gS( vkSj eu dh
Hkkoukvksa vkSj fopkjksa dks tkaprk gS ÑEF]NIXNVDÐ$

LMHV
RMGNRSXJHNMV IRSNMNVD@G<LXNYNVD YN6MISDUXNVD GNV
LM>NUNÑHZ<NDGXGMUNÐJ6$PLL]HVJJ6 IGJMIRSNM@UG=@
G<LXNGNVLMHV
RMGVRSXGV`NMNLM>NNÑHZ<NDGXIGN@WNDSNÐ
WN$
blfy, lkjh efyurk vkSj cSj Hkko dh c<+rh dks nwj djds] ml opu
dks uezrk ls xzg.k dj yks] tks ân; esa cks;k x;k vkSj tks rqEgkjs
izk.kkas dk m)kj dj ldrk gS ÑNGZFÐ$

LMHV
RMGNRSXJHHVDG\HIGNWNÑMNVILUIGNWNÐ$
WFVONJNVUNJ6@UFRJJHNMVL]NNNVDGNVPNMQVUNJ6ÑZXNXKONVWNV
1T0NXN@M^NNGMXN@SD[NGMXN@/R/)NGMXNÐ$
rqe rks ml opu ds dkj.k tks eSaus rqels dgk gS] 'kq) gks
ÑZJ8XNÐ$

lR; ds }kjk mUgsa ifo= dj( rsjk opu lR; gS ÑZJ8XNÐ$

30
HXGKWKU
fd mldks opu ds }kjk ty ds Luku ls 'kq) dj ds ifo= cuk,
ÑEI4IONVD Ð$

LMHV
RMGV RSXGNJHNMV HXNVD YN6MIRSNMNDV LM†L]^NN\XÊ
ÑNNVXNÐYN6M†
NTIGMNÊGNL]+NNRL0UNJ6$
blfy, tcfd rqe us HkkbZpkjs dh fu"diV izhfr ds fufeÙk lR; ds
ekuus ls vius euksa dks ifo= fd;k gS] rks ru eu yxkdj ,d nwljs
ls vf/kd izse j[kksÑLUMOÐ$

gs fiz;ks] vc eSa rqEgsa ;g nwljh i=h fy[krk gwa] vkSj nksuksa esa lqf/k
fnykdj rqEgkjs 'kq) eu dks mHkkjrk gwa ÑLUMOÐ$

LMHV
RMGVRSXLMHXXGMXVYN6MO5GNLN\XGMXVGV
`NMN@JH
NTHXLNOGUVJ6D$

NTHXLNXVOVJH
N6UNXGVYNHNNVDOVXJKDFSOGUVJ6D@
LMDUT JVONHXJ6 WJND
N6UNXGV IRSNMNVD GV I\W[JXJKD
MJUK$

4-4- gekjs euksa dk uohuhdj.k egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gS\

• LMHV
RMOVL]VHGMXVYN6MPOGKYNMNNXNGMXV
;h'kq us mls mÙkj fn;k] lc vkKkvksa eas ls ;g izeq[k gS] gs blzk,y]
lqu! izHkq gekjk ijes'oj ,d gh izHkq gSA vkSj rw izHkq vius ijes'oj
ls vius lkjs eu vkSj vius lkjs izk.k ls vkSj viuh lkjh cqf) ls vkSj
viuh lkjh 'kfDr ls izse j[kukA vkSj nwljh ;g gS fd rw vius iM+kslh
ls vius leku izse j[kuk( blls cM+h vkSj dksbZ vkKk ugha
ÑHMGTO Ð$

HMGTOHVD@FTI
N&QÑZXNXK0NXNVNGLDQRLDÐ [JMV
IRSNM@G<LXN@HX@OH!$

31
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
• LIMRIU=UWKRXWKXN
blfy, gs Hkkb;ks] eSa rqels ijes'oj dh n;k Lej.k fnyk dj fcurh
djrk gwa] fd vius 'kjhjksa dks thfor] vkSj ifo=] vkSj ijes'oj dks
Hkkork gqvk cfynku djds p<+kvks( ;gh rqEgkjh vkfRed lsok gSA vkSj
bl lalkj ds ln`'k u cuks] ijUrq rqEgkjh cqf) ds u, gks tkus ls
rqEgkjk pky&pyu Hkh cnyrk tk,] ftlls rqe ijes'oj dh Hkyh]
vkS j Hkkorh] vkS j fl) bPNk vuq H ko ls ekyw e djrs jgks
ÑMNVIHNVD@Ð$

WFJHNMV HXLMHV
RMGV RSXGV `NMNXV JNV WND[V@UF
JHNMVIRSNM@+NNRXND@/R+NNR@L]IUIND@YNSMNYN6MWKRX
N6\K
HOKJGKOHNXUNHVDFQ\WN[K$
• LMHV
RMGKE31NGNVOH!VDYN6MONIFUGMVD
blfy, gs Hkkb;ks] eSa rqels ijes'oj dh n;k Lej.k fnyk dj fcurh
djrk gwa] fd vius 'kjhjksa dks thfor] vkSj ifo=] vkSj ijes'oj dks
Hkkork gqvk cfynku djds p<+kvks( ;gh rqEgkjh vkfRed lsok gSA vkSj
bl lalkj ds ln`'k u cuks] ijUrq rqEgkjh cqf) ds u, gks tkus ls
rqEgkjk pky&pyu Hkh cnyrk tk,] ftlls rqe ijes'oj dh Hkyh]
vkS j Hkkorh] vkS j fl) bPNk vuq H ko ls ekyw e djrs jgks
ÑMNVIHNVD@Ð$

vkSj ;g ij[kks] fd izHkq dks D;k Hkkrk gS\ bl dkj.k fucZqf) u gks]
ijarq /;ku ls le>ks] fd izHkq dh bPNk D;k gS\ ÑEI4IONVD@Ð$

• +N\NÑOJKÐYN6MFTMNÑ[\UÐLJSNXVD
D;ksafd nw/k ihusokys cPps dks rks /keZ ds opu dh igpku ugha gksrh]
D;ksafd og ckyd gSA ijarq vé l;kuksa ds fy, gS] ftuds KkusfUnz;
vH;kl djrs djrs] Hkys cqjs esa Hksn djus ds fy, iDds gks x, gSa
ÑEF]NIXNVD @Ð$

32
HXGKWKU
LMHV
RMGVRSXGV\[NUNMPLNV[GV`NMN@JHNMV.NXVDIQ]
+NKOJKYN6M[\UGVFKS+NVQLJSNXXVGVI\UTMDUL]I
NI^NUJNV
WNUV J6D$
• LMHV
RMGVRSXGNVOH!VD
tks cht vPNh Hkwfe esa cks;k x;k] ;g og gS] tks opu dks lqudj
le>rk gS] vkSj Qy ykrk gS] dksbZ lkS xquk] dksbZ lkB xquk] dksbZ
rhl xquk ÑH¿NKÐ$

blfy, tcfd ijes'oj us mUgas Hkh ogh nku fn;k] tks gesa izHkq ;h'kq
elhg ij fo'okl djus ls feyk Fkk] rks eSa dkSu Fkk tks ijes'oj dks
jksd ldrk\ ÑL]VGNHÐ$

vius vki dks ijes'oj dk xzg.k;ksX; vkSj ,slk dke djusokyk

Bgjkus dk iz;Ru dj] tks yfTtr gksus u ik,] vkSj tks lR; ds opu
dks Bhd jhfr ls dke esa ykrk gks ÑUKHTI)NTOÐ$

• HOKJHVD>NTQGKY31K1IRFXNM>NXN
ijUrq opu ij pyusokys cuks] vkSj dsoy lquusokys gh ugha] tks
vius vki dks /kks[kk nsrs gSaA D;ksafd tks dksbZ opu dk lquusokyk gks]
vkSj ml ij pyusokyk u gks] rks og ml euq"; ds leku gS tks viuk
LokHkkfod eaqg niZ.k esa ns[krk gSA blfy, fd og vius vki dks
ns[kdj pyk tkrk] vkSj rqjUr Hkwy tkrk gS fd eSa dSlk Fkk
ÑNGZF Ð$

FNEF\JHNMKO3SK1IRGNVL][9GMUKJ6 JHRN/URHVD
GN6XJ6D$
• LIR YN5HNGKY[TRNE=@[RNJK@YN6MYNRNWLJSNXXN
ijUrq tc og vFkkZr~ lR; dk vkRek vk,xk] rks rqEgsa lc lR; dk
ekxZ crk,xk( D;ksafd og viuh vksj ls u dgsxk] ijUrq tks dqN
33
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
lqusxk] ogh dgsxk] vkSj vkusokyh ckrsa rqEgsa crk,xkA og esjh efgek
djsxk] D;kasfd og esjh ckrksa esa ls ysdj rqEgsa crk,xkA tks dqN firk
dk gS] og lc esjk gS( blfy, eSaus dgk fd og esjh ckrksa esa ls ysdj
rqEgsa crk,xk ÑZJ8XN Ð$

blfy, fd ftrus yksx ijes'oj ds vkRek ds pyk, pyrs gSa] os gh

ijes'oj ds iq= gSa] D;ksafd rqedks nklRo dh vkRek ugha feyh fd fQj
Hk;Hkhr gks] ijUrq ysikydiu dh vkRek feyh gS] ftlls ge gs vCck]
gs firk dgdj iqdkjrs gSaA vkRek vki gh gekjh vkRek ds lkFk xokgh
nsrk gS] fd ge ijes'oj dh lUrku gaS ÑMNVIHNVD  Ð$

XRKXKGMNL]N,UFTINHXYN5HNGKYNRNW YN6MJHNMK

YLXK+NNRXNYNVDGKYNRNWGVFKSGVYDUMGNVLJSNXXVHVDJHNMK
OJNUN GMV[N$
• >NTQGNVÑYN6MJHNMKFTIGNVÐ+N]9JNVXVOVFSND
ijUrq eSa Mjrk gwa fd tSls lkai us viuh prqjkbZ ls gOok dks cgdk;k]
oSls gh rqEgkjs eu ml lh/kkbZ vkSj ifo=rk ls tks elhg ds lkFk gksuh
pkfg, dgha Hkz"V u fd, tk,a ÑGTIMI8)NNVDÐ$

vkSj mu euq";ksa esa O;FkZ jxM+s >xMs+ mRié gksrs gSa] ftudh cqf)
fcxM+ xbZ gS vkSj os lR; ls foghu gks x, gSa] tks le>rs gSa fd HkfDr
dekbZ dk }kj gS ÑUKHTI)NTOÐ$

vkSj tSls ;ésl vkSj ;Eczsl us ewlk dk fojks/k fd;k Fkk] oSls gh ;s
Hkh lR; dk fojks/k djrs gSaA ;s rks ,sls euq"; gSa] ftudh cqf) Hkz"V
gks xbZ gS vkSj os fo'okl ds fo"k; esa fudEes gSa ÑUKHTI)NTOÐ$

[\UI
N^NNYN6M[\UL]+NNRJHNMKFTIGNV+N]9GMOGUVJD6$
LMDUTWFJHRSXGV`NMNYLXVHXNVDGNXRKXKGMNGMUVJ6D@UF
R/UTUJHYLXVHXNVDGNV+N]9JNVXVOVFSNUVJ6D$

34
HXGKWKU

4-5- lh[kus dh izfØ;k

OH!JYXT+NRJLTXMNRCI¿N
IXMK^NNJISDUXNIR
\VNNJGN[]UN
JHNMVkQNVDYN6MHXNVDHVDLMHV
RMGVRSXGNVOHNIJUGMXV
JVUTJHVDI
N^NNGKL]INGNPLNV[GMXNJ6$

4-6- ijes'oj ds opu ij euu

O;oLFkk dh ;g iqLrd rsjs fpÙk ls dHkh u mrjus ik,] blh esa fnu
jkr /;ku fn, jguk] blfy;s fd tks dqN mlesa fy[kk gS mlds
vuqlkj djus dh rw pkSdlh djs( D;ksafd ,slk djus ls rsjs lc dke
lqQy gksaxs] vkSj rw izHkko'kkyh gksxk ÑJNV
NZ Ð$

og ml o`{k ds leku gS] tks cgrh ukfy;ksa ds fdukjs yxk;k x;k gSA
vkSj viuh _rq esa Qyrk gSa] vkSj ftlds iÙks dHkh eqj>krs ughaA
blfy, tks dqN og iq#"k djs og lQy gksrk gS Ñ+NWXÐ$

LMHV
RMXVYLXV\NV[NVD GNVPOGVRSXLMHXXGMXNIO>NNN
J6$
JHVD GVR\ LMHV
RM GN RSX OJW JK XJKD LXN J6$ JHVD
LMHV
RMGVRSXLMHXXGMXNOK>NXNJ6$
HXXGKL]INHVDIX(XI\I>NUFNUVDOI(HI\UJ6D
• ISDUX
• G<LXNGMXNYN6M
• YD[KGNMGMXN
ÑLMHV
RMGVRSXLMHXXEOIRNGVODLZ N=YXGVI\
YN:\LKL<OSS=`NMNL]GNI
NU†[N:0aOR0=ÊXNHGLT/UGLVD$Ð
35
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN

4-7- ekSf[kd :i ls ;kn djuk

toku viuh pky dks fdl mik; ls 'kq/n j[ks\ rsjs opu ds vuqlkj
lko/kku jgus ls Ñ+NWXÐ$

JHVDLMHV
RMGVRSXGNVNQGMXVGV`NMNWNXFZ!GMYLXV
kQNVDHVDI1LNXNJ6$
LMHV
RMGVRSXGNVHT>NN[]GMXVGVGT12RJNIMGUMKGV
• LIR 
NN/ GVRSXNVDGNV1NV9V1NV9VGN0=LMI\>NVDYN6MP8JVD
L]IUIQXQNVJMND$
• YLXVG(,T9MLMNY8/9KGKXNV9aOGNPLNV[STXV[
RSXNVDGNVL]IUIQXQNVJMNXVGVI\GMVD$
• YLXVFNEF\RNSXHVDL]IUIQX#IXIHULOVP8JKDRSXNVD
GNVQNVJMNDYN6MPXLMHXXGMVD$
gs esjs iq=] esjh vkKk dks eku] vkSj viuh ekrk dh f'k{kk dks u rtA
budks vius ân; eas lnk xkaB ckU/ks j[k( vkSj vius xys dk gkj cuk
ysA og rsjs pyus esa rsjh vxqokbZ vkSj lksrs le; rsjh j{kk] vkSj
tkxrs le; rq>ls ckrsa djsxhA vkKk rks nhid gS vkSj f'k{kk T;ksfr]
vkSj fl[kkusokys dh MkaV thou dk ekxZ gS] rkfd rq>dks cqjh L=h ls
cpk, vkSj ijkbZ L=h dh fpduh pqiM+h ckrksa ls cpk, ÑXKIURSX
 Ð$

WFLMHV
RMGNRSXJHNMVkQNVDHVDI1LNMJUNJ6@UFJH
WJNDGJKDJNVD@IQXNMNUGVIGOK+NKOH POGNRSXJHNMV
IRSNMGNG+NN[JNVOGUNJ6$POGNRSXJHNMKY[TRNE=GMV[N@
JHNMKM^NNGMV[NYN6MJHOVFNUGMV[N
eSa rsjs eqag ds opu ds }kjk Øwjksa dh lh pky ls vius dks cpk, jgk
Ñ+NWXÐ$

36
HXGKWKU
POGVRSXGV`NMNJHXN
NGMXVRN\VOVFSOGUVJ6D
fØ;k
WKRXHVDEOOHYNLGVI\Y5DUHJ5RLZN=UKXIRNNVDGNV
OZSKFGMVDÑPQNGNH@+NIR@LIMRNM@YNIQÐ$EXUKXIRNNVDHVD
OVJMGGVI\UKXRSXZDIXGN\VDYN6MP8JVDHT>NN[]GMVD$




4-8- gekjs fp= esa fQj jax Hkjuk

LMHV
RMXVJHNMVIRNHVD'NGJNJ6EOYNNNMLMJHVD>NTQ
GNGXNIS FXNXNJ6$LMHV
RMXVJHNMVIRNHVDWNVGJNJ6
IGJHGMOGUVJ6DYN6MFXOGUVJ6D@POGVYXTONM>NTQGNVQV>NVD$
ijUrq opu ij pyusokys cuks] vkSj dsoy lquusokys gh ugha] tks
vius vki dks /kks[kk nsrs gSaA D;ksafd tks dksbZ opu dk lquusokyk gks]
vkSj ml ij pyusokyk u gks] rks og ml euq"; ds leku gS tks viuk
LokHkkfod eaqg niZ.k esa ns[krk gSA blfy, fd og vius vki dks
ns[kdj pyk tkrk] vkSj rqjUr Hkwy tkrk gS fd eSa dSlk Fkk ÑNGZF
 Ð$

fd rsjk fo'okl esa lgHkkxh gksuk rqEgkjh lkjh HkykbZ dh igpku esa
elhg ds fy, izHkko'kkyh gks ÑI4\VHNVXÐ$

4-9- vrhr dh udkjkRed ckrksa dk lkeuk djuk

JHNMVHXNFTIGVSVUXYN6MYSVUXYD[JNVUVJ6D$JHNMN
YSVUXYD[+NZUGN\GVYXT+NRGKNQNVDGNVODWNVGMM>NUNJ6JHNMV

37
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
YLXV GN=@JHNMV L]IUQZOMNVD GV GN= YNIQ$PQNJMN@XOT\!N
JTYNQT>N@IRLI¿N@QT2=RJNM@IR
RNO"NNU@YNIQ$
IQEXHVDOVGT1GNVIH9NNXWNNOJK/)NNXHVDXM>NN
WN@UNVRVJHNMVRU=HNXLMYOMGMUVJ6D$PXGNQHXGMXVOV
JKOJNUNL]N,UXJKDJNV[K$EOVIH9NQVXNJNV[N@NPISUMKIUOV
PXGNONHXNGMXNJNV[N@WJNDLMIFXNL]IUGZ\LIMNNHGVYNL
PXGVIRNHVDFNV\OGVD$
JHHVD OV WNV OVRGNE= HVD J6D@P8JVD F0KONRNNXKOV YUKUHVD
YXT+NRIGJTYLXV +NNRXN5HG"NNRNVD YN6MSNV9NVD OV SD[NE= LNXN
JNV[N$Y8)NN@IWXFNUNVD GNJHL]SNMGMUV J6D YN6MIO>NNUV J6D
PXGVON)NXGNMN5HGFNUVDJNVD[K YN6MEOGNYOMJHNMKFNUNVD
GNVOTXXVRN\NVDLMJNV[N$
PQNJMNGVUN6MLM@IQIGOK/ KXVYLXVR6RNIJGWKRX
HVDFTMNYXT+NRLNNJ6@UNVRJYLXVXGNMN5HGYXT+NRGVYNNNMLM
LIR 
NN/ GNY)N=\[NXNYNM(+NGMUKJ6YN6MQZOMKI/ NVDGNV
IW8JVDRJOVRNL]QNXGMMJKJ6@PXFNUNVDGNL]SNMGMUKJ6$POXV
YLXV IRRNJHVD IWX"NNRNVD YN6MSNV9NVD GNYXT+NRIGNJ6@PXOV
POGKRSXGKOVRNIHI-UXGNMN5HG+NNRXNYNVDOVL]+NNIRUJNVUK
J6$POGKFNUNDVGNVOTXXVRN\KI/ NVDLMEOGNYOMJNV[N$IQ
RVLM>NXJKDOGUK@UNVRV+NKIRRNJGVO(FDNHVDYN6MLTNNVDGVON)N
IM
UNVDHVDPOKQCI9GNVNGNVYLXNXNYNM(+NGMV[K$LMDUTIQJK
/ KYLXV+NNRXN5HG"NNRNVDYN6MSNV9NVDOVSD[NE=LNUKJ6@UNVRJY8
I/ NVDGVI\LMHV
RMGKSD[NE=GNHNHFXWNUKJ6@IW8JNVDXV
WKRXHDVOHNXYXT+NRLNJ6D
bu ckrksa ij fLFkj jg] D;ksafd ;fn ,slk djrk jgsxk rks rw vius]
vkSj vius lquusokyksa ds fy, Hkh m)kj dk dkj.k gksxk ÑUKHTI)NTO
Ð$

38
HXGKWKU
4-9-1- ;kdwc vkSj ,lko
P5LI¿N
LMHV
RMXVNGZFGNXNHFQ\GMEO]N\M>NN WFRJYLXV
+NZUGN\GNONHXNGMXV GV I\U6NMJNV [N$POGV XNHGNV
FQ\GMLMHV
RMXVRJWNV)NNPOVFQ\IQN$NGZFXVYUKUGN
ONHXNIGN@NGZFGVLHVDXJKD@LMDUTEO]N\GVLHVD@'NDVDIG
LMHV
RMOVPOGK+NVD9JTE=$
4-9-2- ;wlqQ vkSj mlds HkkbZ
vdky ds izFke o"kZ ds vkus ls igys ;wlqQ ds nks iq=] vksu ds ;ktd
iksrhij dh csVh vklur ls tUesA vkSj ;wlqQ us vius tsBs dk uke
;g dgdj eu''kS j[kk] fd ijes'oj us eq> ls esjk lkjk Dys'k] vkSj
esjs firk dk lkjk ?kjkuk Hkqyk fn;k gSA vkSj nwljs dk uke mlus ;g
dgdj ,izSe j[kk] fd eq>s nq%[k Hkksxus ds ns'k esa ijes'oj us Qqyk;k
Qyk;k gSÑP5LI¿N Ð$

vkSj mlds HkkbZ vki Hkh tkdj mlds lkeus fxj iM+s] vkSj dgk] ns[k]
ge rsjs nkl gSaA ;wlqQ us muls dgk] er Mjks] D;k eSa ijes'oj dh
txg ij gwa\ ;|fi rqe yksxksa us esjs fy;s cqjkbZ dk fopkj fd;k Fkk(
ijaUrq ijes'oj us mlh ckr esa HkykbZ dk fopkj fd;k] ftlls og ,slk
djs] tSlk vkt ds fnu izxV gS] fd cgqr ls yksxksa ds izk.k cps gSaA
lks vc er MjksA eSa rqEgkjk vkSj rqEgkjs cky&cPpksa dk ikyu iks"k.k
djrk jgwaxk( bl izdkj mlus mudks le>k cq>kdj 'kkfUr nh ÑP5LI¿N
 Ð$

IQLMHV
RMZOT4GNVPO/)NNXHVD\NOGUN)NNWJNDRJ
POVJNIXLJTDSNXVRN\VYLXV+NNENVDGNV^NHNGMOGUN)NN@PXGV
YLMNNGNV+NZ\OGUN)NN@UNVRJYNWYNLGKYN6MHVMK+NKOJNUN
GMOGUNJ6

39
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
og esjh th esa th ys vkrk gSA /keZ ds ekxksaZ esa og vius uke ds
fufeRr esjh vxqokbZ djrk gS Ñ+NWXÐ$

RJHVMVWKHVDWK\VYNUNJ6 HVMVSVUXYN6MYSVUXHXHVD
+NK$
mlesa thou Fkk( vkSj og thou euq";ksa dh T;ksfr FkhA vkSj T;ksfr
vU/kdkj esa pedrh gS( vkSj vU/kdkj us mls xzg.k u fd;k ÑZJ8XN
@Ð$

POGNWKRXWNVHT!HVDJ6@RJHVMK7NVIUJ6$RJHT!VL]GNI
NU
GMUKJ6$RJYDNGNMGNVQZMJ9NUKJ6$
fØ;k
+NZUGN\GKXGNMN5HGFNUNVDGNVOZSKFGMVDWNVYF+NKYNLLM
L]IUGZ\YOMGMMJKJ6D YN6MIWXGNYNLGNV ONHXNGMXV GK
WMUJ6



YFOZSKFGK[E=JMFNUGVI\IX(XI\I>NUFNUNVDGNVGMVD
• HOKJ HVD YNLGK RU=HNX LJSNX OV +NZUGN\ GNV QV>NVD ÑXE=
OCI9Ð$
• YXT[]JGKYNLGKRU=HNXI/)NIUOV +NZUGN\GNV QV>NVD Ñ^NHN
L]N,UÐ$

40
HXGKWKU
• LMHV
RM YNLGV `NMN 'N GM OGUN J6 EOGV YNNNM LM
+NZUGN\GNONHXNGMVDÑIW8JNVDXVYNLGNVSNV9LJTDSNE=J6P8JVD
^NHNGMVDYN6MP8JVDYNQMQVDÐ$
• EOIRNGVO(FDNHDVY8Y8+NNNNYNVDHVDL]N)N=XNGMVD$LIR
YN5HNWNXUNJ6IG'NL]N)N=XNGKWNUNIGJHNMVL]NNNVDHVD
SD[NE=L][9JNV$
• +NIRGKYNVMQV>NVDÑXGNMN5HG+NNRXNYNVDGNV5N[QVDÐ$
4-10- xyr ekufldrk dks feVk nsuk
[\UHNXIOGUNDRVJNVUKJ6DIWXHVDJHDVL]I
NI^NUIGN[NJ6N
IWOL]GNMGKIRSNMNNMNGVJHY+/UJ6D@WNVQNVXNVDFNUNVDGVI\
GNR9FXUKJ6ÑYÐJHHVDYN6MJHNMV`NMNLMHV
RMGNGN=YN6M
ÑFÐYN6MJHNMVI\/RUD JNVXVYN6MWNVGT1JHFXOGUVJ6DRJ
FXXVJVUT$
• NNIH=GHXNVRCI¿NND@
• LZRN=[]JYN6M
• LZR=GI<LUIRSNM$
YNLGNVO5GNONHXNGM[\UHNXIOGUNGNVQZMGMXVGN
STXNRGMXNJ6$
4-11- vius euksa dh j{kk djuk
JHVDYLXVHXNVDGKM^NNGMXVGKWMUJ6$JNDLMGT12RJNIMG
FNUVDFUNE=[E=J6DIWOOVJHNMVHXNVDGKM^NNGMXVJVUTJHDVOJNUN
L]N,UJNVOGV[K$
• E8GNMGVIRMNVNHDVM^NN R/UTYNVDGNV)NN)N=LOVQV>NXN$
YLXKG<LXNYNVD#IXN=NVDGNVLZMNGMXNÑHJ5RLZN=@WKRXGNV

41
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
L]+NNIRUGMXVRN\VÐ@QZOMNVD`NMNLMK^NNIGNWNXN$>NTQOV
E=HNXQNMKFMUXN$
• >NTQGNVNNV>NNQVXVGVIRMNVNHVDM^NN$
D;ksafd ;fn dksbZ dqN u gksus ij Hkh vius vki dks dqN le>rk gS]
rks vius vki dks /kks[kk nsrk gS Ñ[\NIUNVD Ð$

• ODONIMG\[NRGVIRMNVNHVD>NTQGKM^NN >NTQLMIXD N
M>NXN$
• +NNRXN5HG2I+NSNMGV IRMNVNHVD >NTQGKM^NNGMXN EO
L]GNMGVIRSNMNVDHVDI\,UJNVXVOVYLXVHXGNVYXTHIUQVXVOV
E8GNMGMXN$
4-12- eu dk ,d u;k <+kapk
blfy, tc rqe elhg ds lkFk ftyk, x,] rks LoxhZ; oLrqvksa dh
[kkst esa jgks] tgka elhg orZeku gS vkSj ijes'oj ds nkfguh vksj cSBk
gSA i`Foh ij dh ugha] ijUrq LoxhZ; oLrqvksa ij /;ku yxkvks
ÑGT\TI/ONVD@Ð$

†NX\[NXNÊ HX\[NXN@IRSNMGMXN$
†>NNVWXNÊ 2RJNIMG OD"NN=
NNIH\ J6$ †HX \[NXNÊ EOHVD
YNDUIMGYNRV
NYN6M/R+NNR
NNIH\J6D$QNVXNVDGNNXcLM\[N
MJXNSNIJ$
†JHVDGVR\/R[=GK>NNVWHVDXJKDMJXNJ6@RMXJHNMVIRSNMNVD
HVD/R[=JNVXNSNIJ$Ê
XRKXKGMNL]N,UFTIR/UTYNDVGKYNVMXVLIML]V^OVQV>NUK
J6@ G XN LIMRU=X@ XN IR
R QCI9GNVN$ /R[= OV QV>NXV LM
ODONMY\[IQ>NNE=QVUNJ6

42
HXGKWKU

4-13- elhg dk eu
HOKJGNHXM>NXVGVUKXYNNHJ6D@WNVXVIXHHVDL]/UTU
IG[J6D$
• HOKJGNHX XH]UNYN6MYN.NGNIMUN$
fojks/k ;k >wBh cM+kbZ ds fy, dqN u djks ijarq nhurk ls ,d nwljs
dks vius ls vPNk le>ks ÑI4I\I,LNVDÐ$

tSlk elhg ;h'kq dk LoHkko Fkk oSlk gh rqEgkjk Hkh LoHkko gks
ÑI4I\I,LNVD Ð$

FNEF\ JHVD IO>NNUK J6 IG JH RJK HX Ñ/R+NNR@ HNXIOG
L]RCI¿NÐM>NVD@WNVHOKJGVLNO)NK$EOIRI
N9ODQ+N=HVD@JHDVXH]UN
YN6MOVRGGN/R+NNRM>NXNJ6$
• HOKJGNHX LNLGNL]IUGNMGMXVJVUT
NMKMHDVQT>NP%NXV
GKU6NMK
blfy, tc fd elhg us 'kjhj esa gksdj nq[k mBk;k rks rqe Hkh ml
gh eulk dks /kkj.k djds gfFk;kj ckU/k yks D;ksafd ftlus 'kjhj esa
nq[k mBk;k] og iki ls NwV x;k ÑLUMOÐ$

JI)NNMNNMNGMXN JI)NNMOVOTOI7WUJNVXN$
HXONÑZXNXKEXNVNHQQRLDÐ IRSNM
NK\UN@Y)NN=U@X6IUG
OH!@PtV
@FTI$
JHVDPOKHXONGVON)NJI)NNMFNDN\VXNJ6@Y)NN=UaJHVD
NMKM
HVD QT>NP%NXV GV I\U6NMMJXV GKWMUJ6@JHNMV
NMKMGK
LNLHYI+N\NNNYNVD GNV ZOLMSNXV ÑXNGJXVÐGV I\U6NM
MJXNJ6$WFJHNMVLNOJHXÑ/R+NNRÐJNVUNJ6@UFJHLNLGN
L]IUGNMGMXVJVUTJI)NNMFNDN\VUVJ6D$
43
 YNLGV HX GN XRKXKGMN
• HOKJGNHX POGVIRSNMNVDYN6MPtV
NVDGN.NX
D;ksafd izHkq dk eu fdlus tkuk gS fd mls fl[kyk,\ ijUrq geesa
elhg dk eu gSÑGTIMI8)NNVDÐ$

ge elhg ds fopkjksa] ;kstukvksa] vkSj mís';ksa dks tku ldrs gSaA

ifo= vkRek ds izdk'kudkjh dk;Z ds }kjk mldk eu gekjk gks ldrk
gS ¼1 dqfjfUFk;ksa 2%9½A ifo= vkRek elhg ds fopkjksa vkSj ;kstukvksa
dks ge ij izxV djrk gS ÑZJ8XN@Ð$

4-14- ,d eu ds yksx gksuk

XVIXHHVDGE=/)NNXNVDHVD@IR
RNIONVDOVYXTMNVNIGN[N
J6IGRV†GHXÊJNVD$
LMHV
RMONHTIJGMKIUOV JHNMV HXNVD HVD WNV GT1GMMJNJ6
POGVON)NYN[VFXVJVUTJHVD>NTQGNVL]I
NI^NUGMXVGKWMU
J6$
G+NKG+NKJHNMK†/RUD UNÊGHXGV\NV[FXXVHVDHT>FN
NNGVLHDVGN=GMUKJ6$
gs Hkkb;ks] eSa rqels ;h'kq elhg tks gekjk izHkq gS mlds uke ds }kjk
fcurh djrk gwa fd rqe lc ,d gh ckr dgks] vkSj rqeesa QwV u gks]
ijUrq ,d gh eu vkSj ,d gh er gksdj feys jgksÑGTIMI8)NNVDÐ$

,d lk eu
vkil esa ,d lk eu j[kks( vfHkekuh u gks] ijUrq nhuksa ds lkFk laxfr
j[kks( viuh n`f"V esa cqf)eku u gks ÑMNVIHNVD Ð$

,d eu
UNIGUTHGHXYN6MGHTDJJNVGMJHNMVL]+NTK
NTHOKJGV
ILUNLMHV
RMGKF0NE=GMNV¼jksfe;ksa 15%6½A
44
HXGKWKU
L]NMDI+NGG\KIONGKHT>IR
NVNUNJ)NKIGRVGHX
YN6MGIS¿N)NV$
JHVD AONHTIJGHNXIOGUN GVYXTG\
Z JNVXNOK>NXNJ6@AGIS¿N
WNVLMHV
RM/)NNXKG\KIONGVLHVDJHNMVHHVD/)NNILUGM
MJNJ6$

45
 OGNMN5HG HNXIOG L]RCI¦N GN IRGNO GMXN

5
ldkjkRed ekufld izo`fÙk
dk fodkl djuk
LMHV
RMJHNMVONVSIRSNMGKL]INHDVISM>NUNJ6$
gs ;gksok] rw us eq>s tkapdj tku fy;k gSA rw esjk mBuk cSBuk
tkurk gS( vkSj esjs fopkjksa dks nwj gh ls le> ysrk gS Ñ+NWX@Ð$

5-1- ge dSls lksprs gSa mldk izHkko

D;ksafd tSlk og vius eu esa fopkj djrk gS] oSlk og vki gSA og
rq>ls dgrk rks gS] [kk ih] ijUrq mldk eu rq>ls yxk ugha ÑXKIURSX
Ð$

JHNMKONVSJHNMVYNSMNYN6MWKRX
N6\KGNVL]+NNIRUGMUK
J6$
GONNNMNIRSNMNG<LXNWKRX
N6\KFXOGUKJ6$
WJNDHXWNUNJ6@POGVLK1VHXTWNUNJ6$
gs fiz;] esjh ;g izkFkZuk gS fd tSls rw vkfRed méfr dj jgk gS] oSls
gh rw lc ckrksa esa méfr djs] vkSj Hkyk paxk jgs ÑZJ8XNÐ$

5-1-1- ;ks)k fVfM~M;ksa dk fp=

I[XIUI[XIU 
IWXFNMJ+NVIQNVDGNVQV
NGN+NVQ\VXVGV+NVWN[N@P8JNVDXV+NK
EXHJNGNNVDGNVQV>NN$PXHVDOVQO\NV[NVDXVQV>NNIGEXHJNGNNVD
GVONHXVRVI9IuNVDGVOHNXJ6DYN6MUTMDURVYLXVIRSNMNVDHVDLMNIWU
46
HXGKWKU
JNV[$RVPOK^NNTHVDJNM[$Y8QNVXVHJNGNNVDGNVPO
MNV9KGVLHVDQV>NNWNV>NNXVGVI\U6NM)NK$P8JNVDXVIRWGNV
QV>NNWJNDUGPXGKFNU)NK@\0NE=WKUKWNSTGK)NK$
XGNMN5HGIRSNMNFNV\XNJHVDTYNM(+NJNVXVOVLJ\VJK
IXF=\YN6MLMNIWUGMOGUNJ6
5-1-2- vczkge rkjksa dks ns[krk gS
vkSj mlus mldks ckgj ys tkdj dgk] vkdk'k dh vksj n`f"V djds
rkjkx.k dks fxu] D;k rw mudks fxu ldrk gS\ ÑP5LI¿NÐ$

JHVDG<LXNGMXNJ6IGLMHV
RMGKL]IUINDJHNMVWKRXNVD
HDVRN/UIRGUNFX[E=J6D$
5-1-3- lEHko dk fopkj
OVRGNE=GVLJ\VXN6RNNVŽGVYDUHDV@FNV[NV9N@GNV\I(FNGVLNOFNX
OVOMG:/9V\VXN:OY5DUIXMN
NJNV[$PXGVLNO7NQNOV7NQN
 \NV[NVD GK H0\K )NK$ YU  GV YDU HVD@ P8JNVDXV PO
G\KIONGNVYLXNE/UK4NQVIQNWJNDLMRVLNOFNX)NV$SNM
HJKXNVDFNQL]+NTXVJGJGMPXOVFNUGK†H6D/RDUT(JNMKGTOK=
IJ\NOGUNJZD@LMDUTH6DPOVUT(JNMV`NMNGMXNSNJUNJZD$H6D>NNVE=
JTE=YN5HNYNVDGNV/RDFNV\OGUNJZD@LMDUTH6DJUT(JNMV`NMNGMXN
SNJUNJZD$H6DXVUT(JVDLNOFNXGVLHVDSTXNJ6$FJTUF0KG\KION
GN/R,XQV>NNV'NVDIG/R,XHVMKYN5HNGK+NNNNJ6IWOG\KION
GVUTHLNOFNXFXNV[V@POGKOD>NYNOHNXGVUNMNVDGVOHNXYN6M
OHTQ]U9GKFN\ZGVOHNXYXI[XUJNV[K$RJEUXKF0KJNV[K
IGRJYXI[XUJNV[K$Ê
GXVQ
N=XGVON)N@HNS=HVD P8JNVXD VYN%\NV[NVD GVON)N
YDUMN=9‘K G6IM/H6I9G IH
NX GK
NTRNU GK$ POGV FNQ OV
G\KIONGKOD>NFGM@EUXKJNV[E=$
47
 OGNMN5HG HNXIOG L]RCI¦N GN IRGNO GMXN

5-2- ijes'oj ds leku fopkj djuk

LMHV
RMG6OVONVSUNJ6JOH!XN$
vkdk'k bZ'oj dh efgek o.kZu dj jgk gS( vkSj vkdk'ke.My mldh
gLrdyk dks izxV dj jgk gSA fnu ls fnu ckrsa djrk gS] vkSj jkr
dks jkr Kku fl[kkrh gSA u rks dksbZ cksyh gS vkSj u dksbZ Hkk"kk tgka
mudk 'kCn lqukbZ ugha nsrk gS Ñ+NWX Ð$

D;ksafd mlds vuns[ks xq.k] vFkkZr~ mldh lukru lkeFkZ vkSj ijes'ojRo
txr dh l`f"V ds le; ls mlds dkeksa ds }kjk ns[kus esa vkrs gSa]
;gka rd fd os fu#Ùkj gSa ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$

LMHV
RMGNIRSNMIR
NN\J6@POHVDIRIRNUN@OZ^HUN@OD[%X
YN6MLM/LMIX+N=MUNJ6$
¼tSlk fy[kk gS fd eSaus rq>s cgqr lh tkfr;ksa dk firk Bgjk;k gS½]
ml ijes'oj ds lkeuss ftl ij mlus fo'okl fd;k vkSj tks ejs gqvksa
dks ftykrk gS] vkSj tks ckrsa gSa gh ugha] mudk uke ,slk ysrk gS fd
ekuksa os gSa ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$

WNVFNUVDJ6DJKXJKD@P8JVDLMHV
RMVOVFT\NUNJ6@HNXNVRVJ6D$
D;ksafd ;gksok dh ;g ok.kh gS] fd tks dYiuk,a eSa rqEgkjs fo"k; djrk
gaw mUgsa eSa tkurk gaw] os gkfu dh ugha] oju dq'ky gh dh gSa] vkSj vUr
esa rqEgkjh vk'kk iwjh d:axk ÑIH=NJÐ$

WNVFDNTRNE=HVDJ6DPXGVI\LMHV
RMXVP¿NH+NIRGK"NNVNNN
GKJ6$
5-3- ge ldkjkRed joS¸;k dSls viukrs gSa\
gs esjs iq=] esjs opu /;ku djds lqu] vkSj viuk dku esjh ckrksa ij
yxkA budks viuh vka[kksa dh vksV u gksus ns( oju vius eu esa /kkj.k
48
HXGKWKU
djA D;ksafd ftudks os izkIr gksrh gSa] os muds thfor jgus dk] vkSj
muds lkjs 'kjhj ds paxs jgus dk dkj.k gksrh gSa ÑXKIURSX Ð$

• JHNMVIRSNMNVDGNVLMHV
RMGVIRSNMNVDGVYXTLN\XN$
• JHNMVIRSNMNVDGNVLMHV
RMGV
N&QNVDGVYXTLN\XN$
• JHNMV IRSNMNVD GNV LMHV
RM GV Q
N=XNVD@ /R,XNVD@ G<LXNYNVD GV
YXTLN\XNWNVLIR YN5HNJHVDQVUNJ6$
• XGNMN5HGIRSNMNVDGNVQZMGMVD$
eSa nqfpÙkksa ls rks cSj j[krk gwa] ijUrq rsjh O;oLFkk ls izhfr j[krk gwa
Ñ+NWXÐ$

funku] gs Hkkb;ks] tks tks ckrsa lR; gSa] vkSj tks tks ckrsa vknjuh;
gSa] vkSj tks tks ckrsa mfpr gSa] vkSj tks tks ckrsa ifo= gSa] vkSj tks
tks ckrsa lqgkouh gSa] vkSj tks tks ckrsa euHkkouh gSa] funku tks tks
ln~xq.k vkSj iz'kalk dh ckrsa gSa] mUgha ij /;ku yxk;k djksA tks ckrsa
rqeus eq> ls lh[kha] vkSj xzg.k dh] vkSj lquha] vkSj eq> easa ns[kha] mUgha
dk ikyu fd;k djks] rc ijes'oj tks 'kkfUr dk lksrk gS rqEgkjs lkFk
jgssxk ÑI4I\I,LNVD@Ð$

• >NTQGKFNEF\YNNNIMU1IRU6NMGMVD$
D;ksafd eSa ml vuqxzg ds dkj.k tks eq> dks feyk gS] rqeesa ls gj ,d
ls dgrk gwa fd tSlk le>uk pkfg,] mlls c<+dj dksbZ Hkh vius vki
dks u le>s] ij tSlk ijes'oj us gj ,d dks ifjek.k ds vuqlkj
fo'okl fn;k gS] oSlk gh lqcqf) ds lkFk vius dks le>s ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$

5-4- f[kUu ekufldrk dk y{k.k u j[ksa

blfy, ml ij /;ku djks] ftlus vius fojks/k esa ikfi;ksa dk bruk
okn&fookn lg fy;k] fd rqe fujk'k gksdj fg;ko u NksM+ nks
ÑEF]NIXNVD Ð$

49
 OGNMN5HG HNXIOG L]RCI¦N GN IRGNO GMXN
YIU )NGNX GK RWJ Y'OM 2/U OHONMNK GV FWN
YXOT\!K+NNRXN5HGYN6MYNI5HGOH/NDJNVUKJ6D$
YXOT\!K+NNRXN5HGOH/NYNVDGNGNMN+NNRXN5HG)NGNX
YN6MIR4\UNGK+NNRXNJ6 IWOGNLIMNNH
NNMKIMG)NGNR9HVD
JNVUNJ6$ÑHXGNIG 
NMKMYN6MHXOVODFDINUÐ
YN
NN JHNMVL]NNNVDGN\D[M$
og vk'kk gekjs izk.k ds fy, ,slk yaxj gS tks fLFkj vkSj n`<+ gS] vkSj
ijns ds Hkhrj rd igqaprk gS ÑEF]NIXNVD Ð$

JHVD YLXK YN
NNYNVD ÑOGNMN5HG LIMNNH GK L]5N
NNÐ GNV
WKIRUM>NXNJ6$

5-5- thrus dh fopkj'kSyh ¼fot; dh ekufldrk½

vc tks ,slk lkeFkhZ gS fd gekjh fcurh vkSj le> ls dgha vf/kd
dke dj ldrk gS] ml lkeFkZ ds vuqlkj tks geesa dk;Z djrk gS
ÑEI4IONVD Ð$

LMHV
RMJHNMV HND[XV YN6MIRSNMGMXV OV YINGGN= GM
OGUNJ6$
ijUrq tSlk fy[kk gS fd tks vka[k us ugha ns[kh] vkSj dku us ugha
lquh] vkSj tks ckrsa euq"; ds fpÙk esa ugha p<+h] os gh gSa tks ijes'oj
us vius izse j[kusokyksa ds fy, rS;kj dh gSa ÑGTIMÐ$

5-6- vius eu esa iw.kZ jhfr ls fu'p; ¼;dhu½ dj ysa

dksbZ rks ,d fnu dks nwljs ls c<+dj tkurk gS] vkSj dksbZ lc fnu
,d lk tkurk gSA gj ,d vius gh eu esa fu'p; dj ys ÑMNVIHNVDÐ$

50
HXGKWKU
ijarq ;fn rqeesa ls fdlh dks cqf) dh ?kVh gks] rks ijes'oj ls ekaxs]
tks fcuk mykguk fn, lc dks mnkjrk ls nsrk gS] vkSj mldks nh
tk,xh] ijarq fo'okl ls ekaxs] vkSj dqN lUnsg u djs( D;ksafd lUnsg
djusokyk leqnz dh ygj ds leku gS tks gok ls cgrh vkSj mNyrh
gSA ,slk euq"; ;g u le>s fd eq>s izHkq ls dqN feysxk ÑNGZF Ð$

ijes'oj ds fudV vkvks] rks og Hkh rqEgkjs fudV vk,xkA gs ikfi;ks]

vius gkFk 'kq) djks] vkSj gs nqfpÙks yksxks] vius ân; dks ifo= djks
ÑNGZFÐ$

QTIS¿NNLXYI/)NMUN\VYNUNJ6$
JHNMVHOKJKWKRXHVDJHVDPXOH/NYNVDGVIRNHVDQCHU
M>NXVGKWMUJ6@W6OVX
NK\VLV@Y
\K\UN@NTH]LNX@0‘;O@[DQV
OD[KU YNIQ$ JHVD IXI
SU JNVXV GK WMU J6 IG EX FNUNVD GK
YXTHIUXJKDJ6@YUJHPXOVQZMMJVD$
5-7- grk'kk ¼Xykfu½ dks foQy djsa
;\NIXNJUN
NNY'OM\NSNMK@PQNOKYN6MI>N8XUNGK+NNRXNGV
`NMNL][9JNVUKJ6$
;kn dj fd esjk thou ok;q gh gS( vkSj eSa viuh vka[kksa ls dY;k.k
fQj u ns[kwaxk ÑYÃZFÐ$

vkSj fl¸;ksu ds foyki djusokyksa ds flj ij dh jk[k nwj djds

lqUnj ixM+h ckU/k naw] fd mudk foyki nwj djds g"kZ dk rsy yxkÅa
vkSj mudh mnklh gVkdj ;'k dk vks<+uk vks<+kÅa( ftl ls os /keZ ds
ckato`{k vkSj ;gksok ds yxk, gq, dgyk,a vkSj ftl ls mldh efgek
izxV gks Ñ
NNÐ$

JHVDJUN
NNGNGNMNLJSNXGMEXGNMNNVDGNVFQ\XVJVUT
PLN>NNVWIXGN\XVSNIJ$JNDLMGODI^N,UOZSKQK[E=J6
51
 OGNMN5HG HNXIOG L]RCI¦N GN IRGNO GMXN

dkj.k ldkjkRed fØ;k

I
NGNU@^NHNJKXUN ^NHN
YLZN=YLV^NND YN
NN@XRKXL]IU.ND@IR
RNO
YIUODRVQX
NK\UN@ L]VH@XH]UN
YNONXKOVQT>NKJNVXN
XGNMN5HG+NNRXN OJKYD[KGNM@/UTIU@
N8RNQ@YNX8Q
NVN YLXVJGNVDGNV5N[QVXN
YXTRDI
NGGHWNVIMNVDGK 1T9GNMN@Y8Y8
RWJOVP5L8X;\NIX +NNNNYNVDHVDL]N)N=XNGMXN

52
HXGKWKU

6
vkRek vkSj izk.k dk larqyu
IXN=\VUVOHYN5HNYN6ML]NNHVDODUT\XJNVXNSNIJ$
6-1 ijes'oj us gesa mi;ksx djus ds fy, cqf) nh gS
HXNFTIFTMKFNUXJKDJ6
vius ikao /kjus ds fy;s ekxZ dks leFkj dj] vkSj rsjs lc ekxZ Bhd
jgsa ÑXKIURSXÐ$

JHVDPOHN[=GVIRNHVDONVSXNJ6IWOLMJHS\MJVJ6D$
YUNVWXNFXNXV@U6NMGMXVYN6MPOVYH\HVD \NXVJVUTJHVD YLXK
FTIGNPLNV[GMXNJ6$
lc prqj rks Kku ls dke djrs gSa] ijUrq ew[kZ viuh ew<+rk QSykrk
gSÑXKIURSXÐ$

euq"; dk Kkujfgr jguk vPNk ugha] vkSj tks mrkoyh ls nkSM+rk gS

og pwd tkrk gSÑXKIURSXÐ$

blfy;s tc rw ;q) djs] rc ;qfDr ds lkFk djuk] fot; cgqr ls

efU=;ksa ds }kjk izkIr gksrh gS ÑXKIURSXÐ$

;fn dqYgkM+k FkksFkk gks vkSj euq"; mldh /kkj dks iSuh u djs] rks vf/
kd cy yxkuk iM+sxk( ijarq lQy gksus ds fy;s cqf) ls ykHk gksrk gS
ÑO+NNVLQV
NGÐ$

LMHV
RMJHNMV.NXYN6MFTIHVDFXVGVIRMNVNHVDXJKDJ6$

53
 YN5HN YN6M L]NN GN ODUT\X
gs Hkkb;ks] rqe le> eas ckyd u cuks( rkSHkh cqjkbZ esa rks ckyd jgks]
ijUrq le> esa fl;kus cuksÑGTIMÐ$

LMHV
RMSNJUNJ6IGJHNMKFTI@JHNMKOH!HVDJHXJNVUV
WND$
rw viuh le> dk lgkjk u ysuk oju lEiw.kZ eu ls ;gksok ij Hkjkslk
j[kukA mlh dks Lej.k djds lc dke djuk] rc og rsjs fy;s lh/
kk ekxZ fudkysxk ÑXKIURSX@ÐA

G+NKG+NKJHVDGVR\ÊL]+NTHVD+NMNVONM>NXNJ6†YN6MYLXKOH!
GNOJNMNXJKD\VXNJ6$
'kkfUr dk ijes'oj vki gh rqEgsa iwjh jhfr ls ifo= djs( vkSj rqEgkjh
vkRek vkSj izk.k vkSj nsg gekjs izHkq ;h'kq elhg ds vkus rd iwjs iwjs
vkSj funksZ"k lqjf{kr jgsa ÑI)N/O\Ð$

EXONMKFNUNVDHVDGTDWKJ6@JHNMVHXNVDGNVLMHV
RMGVI\LIR
ÑY\[ÐFXNM>NXN$

6-2 o'okl vkSj ifjdYiuk

ge fo'okl ls pyrs gSa] ns[kdj ugha ÑGTIMÐ$

JHIR
RNOOVS\UVJ6D@QV>NGMXJKD$
JNDLMOJKIXN=\VXVHVDYN5HNYN6ML]NNGNODUT\XJNVUN
J6$
rw viuh le> dk lgkjk u ysuk oju lEiw.kZ eu ls ;gksok ij Hkjkslk
j[kukA mlh dks Lej.k djds lc dke djuk] rc og rsjs fy;s lh/
kk ekxZ fudkysxk ÑXKIURSX@Ð$

54
HXGKWKU
• JHVDYLXKFTIHVDIR
\VNNGMXNJ6IGWNVGT1JHYLXK
YN5HNYNVDHVDHJOZOGMMJVJ6D@RJLMHV
RMGKYNVMOVJ6N
XJKD$
• JHVDLMHV
RMGVRSXGNVWNXXVYN6MOH!XVGVI\FTIGK
WMUJ6$
• JHRN/URHVDIR
RNOHVDS\MJVJ6DNXJKDNJGVR\JHNMK
G<LXNJ6@JWNXXVGVI\JHVDFTIGKWMUJ6$
LMHV
RMGKYNVMOVOJKOTXXVGVFNQ+NK@OJKGQHP%NXV
GVI\JHVDFTIGKWMUJ6@UNIGJHO4\JNVOGVD$

6-3 ijes'oj dh vkokt dks igpkuuk

vkSj ;g ij[kks] fd izHkq dks D;k Hkkrk gS\ bl dkj.k fucZqf) u gks]
ijarq /;ku ls le>ks] fd izHkq dh bPNk D;k gS\ ÑEI4IONVD@Ð$

vkRek dks u cq>kvksA Hkfo";}kf.k;ksa dks rqPN u tkuksA lc ckrksa dks

ij[kks( tks vPNh gS mls idM+s jgks ÑI)N/O\ Ð$

EOYNGVYDUHVDQK[E=YNfIUQV>NVD$
6-4 rdZ vkSj fo'okl
JHVDYLXVUG=NRNQIRRNQGV`NMNJHNMVIR
RNOGNVIXF=\XJKD
JNVXVQVXNJ6$
LUMOOSHTSLNXKLMS\N WFUGIGPOGV UG= XV
POGVIR
RNOGNVIXF=\XJKDGMIQN
vkSj og jkr ds pkSFks igj >hy ij pyrs gq, muds ikl vk;kA psys
mldks >hy ij pyrs gq, ns[kdj ?kcjk x,] vkSj dgus yxs] og Hkwr
gS! vkSj os Mj ds ekjs fpYyk mBsA ;h'kq us rqjUr muls ckrsa dh vkSj
dgk] <k<+l ckU/kks] eaS gwa! Mjks erA irjl us mldks mÙkj fn;k] gs

55
 YN5HN YN6M L]NN GN ODUT\X
izHkq] ;fn vki gh gaS] rks eq>s vius ikl ikuh ij pydj vkus dh
vkKk nhft,A mlus dgk] vkA rc irjl uko ij ls mrjdj ;h'kq
ds ikl tkus dks ikuh ij pyus yxkA ijarq gok dks ns[kdj og Mj
x;k] vkSj tc Mwcus yxk] rks mlus fpYykdj dgk] gs izHkq] eq>s
cpkb,! vkSj ;h'kq us rqjUr gkFk c<+kdj mls Fkke fy;k] vkSj mlls
dgk] gs vYi&fo'oklh] rw us D;ksa lUnsg fd;k\ ÑH¿NK Ð$

VONOHYN[NWFLMHV
RMMV>NNYNVDGVFNJMMD[+NMQV[N
ÑIW8JVDJHXV>NKDSNJ6Ð$kQGNVL][9GMXVGVI\LMHV
RMJHNMK
FTIGNVSNV9LJTSD NUNJ6$LMHV
RMI\I>NURSXOVF0NJ6$LMHV
RM
YLXVI\I>NURSXGVIRMNVNHVDG+NKXJKDWN[N$RJWNVJ6POGV
YXTLYN6MPXUMKGNVDOVGN=GMXVJVUTRJ/RUD J6@LMDUTWMK
XJKDIGPXGNPOGVI\I>NURSXNVDHVDRN=XIGNJNV$
JHVDODQVJOVLMVMJXNJ6$
vkSj rqe bl ckr dh [kkst esa u jgks fd D;k [kk,axs vkSj D;k ih,axs]
vkSj u lUnsg djks Ñ\ZGNÐ$

JHVDHXHVDYI/)NMXJKDJNVXNSNIJ$
fd fdlh vkRek] ;k opu] ;k i=h ds }kjk tks fd ekuks gekjh vksj
ls gks] ;g le>dj fd izHkq dk fnu vk igqapk gS] rqEgkjk eu vpkud
vfLFkj u gks tk,] vkSj u rqe ?kcjkvks ÑI)N/O\Ð$

56
HXGKWKU

ßeu dh thrÞ lsfeukj dk

vk;kstu djsa
IL]LNOFNX@
JHNMKJNIQ=GGNHXNJ6IG†HXGKWKUÊXNHGJHTI'UQNG
YN6MHJ5RLZN=I
N^NNGNVIWUXVYINGIR
RNIONVDGNVQVOGV@QVD$
IQYNLYNLGV^NV GVIR
RNIONVDGV\N+NGVI\YLXK/)NNXK
G\KIONHVD†HXGKWKUÊOVIHXNMGNYNNVWXGMXNSNJUVJ6D@
UNVEOLT/UGHVDIQ[LUVLMJHOVODLG=GMVD$
JH YLXK /)NNXK G\KION OV OVIHXNM HVD OVRGNE= L]QNX
GMXVJVUTYLXKOVRN9KH+NVWVD[V$
YI+NIN'UI
N^NNGVYIUIM'U@IR
RNIONVDGVL]IUOVRGNE=GN
ONH)N=LZN=OHJNV[NIWOGV`NMNEXO3SNENVDGNV2I'U[UaUN6M
LM[]JNGMXV@OMNJXV YN6MYXT+NRGMXV HVD P8JVD OJNUNL]N,U
JNV[K$
JHYNLOVOTXXNSNJUVYN6MYNLGVON)NOVRNGMXNSNJUVJ6D
LMHV
RMYNLGNVYN
NKNQV
vk'kh"k jk;pwj

57
 vkWy ihiYl ppZ ds izfrHkkxh
/)NNXKG\KIONGVLHVDODLZN=+NNMUQV
NHVD@IR
NVNGMP¿NM+NNMUHVD
OTOHNSNML]SNMGMXVGV`NMNYN:\LKL<OSS=YLXKOKHNYNVDGVLNMOVRN
GMUNJ6POGNHT>\^ÑYÐY[TRNVDGNVQCGMXN@ÑFÐWRNXNVDGNVOVRN
GVI\OTOI7WUGMXNYN6MÑGÐHOKJGKQVJGKP8XIUGMXNJ6$ODLZ N=
RN=+NMWRNXNVD@YN6MLNOFNXNVD U)NNOVRGNVD GV I\GE= L]I
N^NNGN=HNVD
YN6MLNOFNXNVD GKHJNO+NNYNVD GNYNNVWXIGNWNUNJ6$EOGV Y\NRN@
RSXHVD YN6MYN5HNHVD IR
RNIONVD GKP8XIUGMXVGVPQaQV
OVYD[V]WKU)NN
Y8GE=+NNMUK+NNNNYNVD HVD LT/UGNVD GKGE=JWNMNVD L]IUNDIRXNHZ<IRUMKU
GKWNUKJ6$D
IWXFNUNVD GKYNVMLMHV
RMJHNMKY[TRNE= GMMJNJ6 POGV I\GN4K
L6ONVD GKWMUJNVUKJ6$JHYNLGNVIXHDI UGMUVJ6D IGGOHGK
+NVD9NHNIOGHQQ+NVWGMYNI)N=GLOVJHNMVON)N+NN[KQNMFXVD$QV
N
+NMHVDJHNMVEOGN=HVDJHNMKOJNUNGMXVJVUTYNLGV`NMN+NVWK[E=GNVE=
+NKMGHOMNJXKJNV[K$
YNLYLXK+NV9D †YN:\LKL<OSS=@F6[ D \NVMÊGVXNHOVSVG#F6GD 0‘N…9GV
WIMJHNMVYN:I4OGVLUVLM+NVWOGUVJ6$D Y8)NNYNLYLXNNV[QNX
OKNVJHNMVF6DG>NNUVGKWNXGNMK\VGMOKNVF6DGHDVWHNGMOGUVJ6D$
ÑfLNEOFNUGNVNXHVD M>NVD YN:\LKL<OSS=GVLNO4OKYNM
LMHK9XJKDJ6@YUJHGVR\+NNMUKXN[IMGNVD OVF6GD NV[QNXLNOGUV
J6$D IQYNLSNJUVJ6@D UNVQNX+NVWUVOH@YNL/L9LOVJI\>N
OGUVJ6D IGLKOKGKIGOOVRGNE=GVI\YNLYLXVQNX+NVWXNSNJUV
J6D$Ð
F6G
D >NNUVGNXNHYN:\LKL<OSS=
>NNUN HNDG  
YN4OOKHNDG CITI
F6G
D  Citibank N.A., 506-507, Level 5, Prestige Meridian 2, # 30, M.G. Road,
Bangalore - 560 001
POKUMJ@fLNWF+NKJNV OGV@JHVD YN6MJHNMKOVRGNE= GNV L]N)N=XNHVD
/HMNM>NVD$/kU;okn vkSj ijes'oj vkidks vk'kh"k nsA
58
HXGKWKU

vkWy ihiYl ppZ ds izdk'ku

FQ\NR LIM
NGMXVRN\VGKYN[
YLXKFT\NJ9OVOH!N6UNXGMVD 2I'U[UYN6MLKINVDGVF8XNVD
YN
NNX1NV0VD GNVUNV0XN
LMHV
RMGVPtV
NVDGNVW8HQVXN YNLGVWKRXGVI\LMHV
RMGV
PQaQV
GNVLJSNXXN
LMHV
RMG+N\NLMHV
RMJ6
MN7GNIXHN=NGMXVRN\V
LMHV
RMGNRSX
>NT\NJTYN/R[=
O3SNE=
JHHOKJHDVGN6XJ6D
JHNMN1T9GNMN
E=
RMKfLN
OHL=NGKONH)N=
LMHV
RMGNMN7
JHI+N8XJ6D

NJM2NLKG\KIONHVDE=
RMK
GN=/)N\LMHIJ\ND 2R/)NN
WN[CIUHVDG\KION HXGKWKU
L]5VGGNHGNGOH W0LMGT<JN0KM>NXN
YNI5HGHXOVLIMLZN=YN6MLC)RK LMHV
RMGKPLI/)NIU
LMFTIHNX GNHGVL]IUFNEF\GNMR6N
LIR N\NV[NVDGNVIOFXNXN .NX@L]GN
NYN6MONH)N=GN
YLXVLN/9MGKG6OVOJNUNGMVVD YN5HN
G\JMIJUWKRXWKXN Y8Y8+NNNNYNVDHVDFNV\XVGV
GRN/UIRG/)NNXWNV/R[= YQ+NTU\N+N
GJ\NUNJ6 L]NSKXIS8J

PL=T'UO+NKLT/UGNVDGVLK0K4OD/GMNIX
NT<G0NcX\NV0GVI\JHNMVSS=RVFONE=9
LMPL\&NJ6D$EXHVDOVGE=LT/UGVDY8+NNNNYNVDHVD+NKPL\&NJ6D$EXLT/UGNVDGKIX
NT<G
L]IUNDL]N,UGMXVJVUTfLNJHOVE= HV\N0NG`NMNODLG=GMVD$
MIRRNMGVODQV
NGVHLKYN:I0NVIMGNI0=D[@U)NNGN:8É8OYN6MJHNMV[N:09K2JKGN=H
AI\IRD[/9‘ND[ GVIRI0NVIMGNI0=D[GNVOTXXVNQV>NXVGVI\JHNMVRVFONE=9GNV+NVD9QVD$

59
 Hkkjr esa vkWy ihiYl ppZ dh 'kk[kk,a
vkWy ihiYl ppZ ds fo"k; esa
YN:\LKL<OSS=ÑLKOKÐGNQ
N=XF6[ D \NVM
NJMHVD XHGYN6M7NVIU@YN6M
+NNMUQV
NYN6MODONMGVMN9‘NDV GVI\GYNRNWFXXNJ6$
LKOKHVD JHLIR YN5HNGVYI+NNVGRDONH)=GVON)NODLZ N=RDIGOK
L]GNMGNOH!N6UNXGMUVJTRSXGKI
N^NNQVXV GVL]IUOHIL=UJ6$D JH
IR
RNOGMUVJ6D IGP5UHOD[KU@OCWXN5HGL]/UTIU@YNNTIXGUD IR.NX
YNIQYNIQIS8J@YQa+NTUGN=@YN
S=GH=YN6MLIR YN5HNGVRMQNXNVD GV
ON)NLIR YN5HNGKONH)N=HVD RSXGNL]SNMGMXVGKLMHV
RM`NMN
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61
 D;k vki ml ijes'oj dks tkurs gaS
tks vkidks I;kj djrk gS\
yxHkx 2000 o"kZ igys ijes'oj bl lalkj esa ,d euq"; cudj vk,A mudk uke
;h'kq gSA mUgksaus iw.kZ ikijfgr thou th;kA pw¡fd ;h'kq ekuo :i esa ijes'oj Fks] mUgksaus
tks dqN dgk vkSj fd;k mlds }kjk gekjs le{k ijes'oj dks izdV fd;kA mUgksaus tks
opu dgs os ijes'oj ds gh opu FksA tks dk;Z mUgksaus fd;s os ijes'oj ds dk;Z FksA
;h'kq us cgqr ls peRdkj bl i`Foh ij fd;sA mUgksaus chekjksa vkSj ihfM+rksa dks paxk fd;kA
vaèkksa dks vka[ksa nha] cfgjksa ds dku [kksys] yaxM+ksa dks pyk;k vkSj gj izdkj dh chekjh
vkSj jksx dks paxk fd;kA mUgksaus peRdkj djds dqN jksfV;ksa ls cgqrksa dks [kkuk f[kyk;k
FkkA rwiQku dks 'kkUr fd;k vkSj vU; cgqr ls vn~Hkqr dke fd,A
;s lHkh dk;Z gekjs le{k ;g izdV djrs gSa fd ijes'oj ,d Hkyk ijes'oj
gS tks ;g pkgrk fd euq"; Bhd] LoLFk vkSj izlUu jgsaA ijes'oj euq";ksa dh
lHkh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djuk pkgrk gSA
ijes'oj us ekuo cudj bl i`Foh ij vkus dk fu'p; D;ksa fd;k\ ;h'kq bl lalkj
esa D;ksa vk,\
ge lcus iki fd;k gS vkSj ,sls dke fd, gSa tks ijes'oj ds le{k xzg.k ;ksX; ugha
gaS ftlus gesa cuk;k gSA iki ds ifj.kke gksrs gSaA iki ,d cM+h nhokj dh rjg ijes'oj
vkSj gekjs chp esa [kM+h gSA iki gesa ijes'oj ls vyx djrk gSA og geas mls tkuus
vkSj mlls vFkZiw.kZ lEcUèk LFkkfir djus ls jksdrk gS ftlus gesa cuk;k gSA vr% geesa
ls cgqr ls yksx bl [kkyhiu dks vU; oLrqvkas ls Hkjuk pkgrs gSaA
gekjs ikiksa dk ,d vkSj ifj.kke ;g gS fd ge ijes'oj ls lnk ds fy, nwj jgrs
gSaA ijes'oj ds U;k;ky; esa iki dk n.M e`R;q gSA e`R;q ijes'oj ls lnk ds fy, vyxko
gS tks gesa udZ esa fcrkuk iM+sxkA
ijUrq 'kqHk lekpkj ;g gS fd ge iki ls eqDr gksdj ijes'oj ls lEcUèk j[k ldrs
gSaA ckbcy dgrh gS] ^^iki dh etnwjh (Hkqxrku) rks e`R;q gS] ijUrq ijes'oj
dk ojnku gekjs izHkq elhg ;h'kq esa vuUr thou gS** (jksfe;kas 6%23)A ;h'kq us
lkjs lalkj ds ikiksa ds fy, ewY; pqdk;k tc mlus Øwl ij vius izk.k fn;sA rc rhljs
fnu og thfor gks x,] cgqrksa dks mUgksaus vius vkidks thfor fn[kk;k vkSj rc og
okil LoxZ pys x,A
ijes'oj izse vkSj n;k dk ijes'oj gSA og ugha pkgrk fd dksbZ Hkh udZ esa uk'k gksA
blfy, og vk;k rkfd lkjh ekuo tkfr dks iki ls NqVdkjs vkSj mlds vuUr ifj.kkeksa
62
HXGKWKU
ls cpk ldsA og ikfi;ksa dks cpkusμ vki vkSj eq> tSls yksxksa dks iki vkSj vuUr
e`R;q ls cpkus vk;k FkkA
iki dh fu'kqYd {kek izkIr djus ds fy, ckbcy gesa crkrh gS fd gesa dsoy ,d
dke djuk gSμtks dqN mlus Øwl ij fd;k mls Lohdkj djuk vkSj ml ij iw.kZ ân;
ls fo'okl djuk gSA
tks dksbZ ml ij fo'okl djsxk] mldks mlds uke ds }kjk ikiksa dh {kek feysxh
(izsfjrksa ds dke 10%43)A
;fn rw vius eqag ls ;h'kq dks izHkq tkudj vaxhdkj djs vkSj vius eu ls fo'okl
djs] fd ijes'oj us mls ejs gqvksa esa ls ftyk;k] rks rw fu'p; m¼kj ik,xk
(jksfe;kas 10%9)A
vki Hkh vius ikiksa dh {kek vkSj muls NqVdkjk ik ldrs gSa ;fn vki izHkq elhg
ij fo'okl djsaA
fuEufyf[kr ,d lkèkj.k izkFkZuk gS rkfd blls vkidks ;g iQSlyk djus esa vkSj izHkq
;h'kq elhg ds }kjk vkids fy, fd, Øwl ds dk;Z ij fo'okl djus esa lgk;rk dj
ldsA ;g izkFkZuk vkidh lgk;rk djsxh fd vki ;h'kq ds dk;Z dks Lohdkj djds vius
ikiksa dh {kek vkSj muls NqVdkjk ik ldsaA ;g izkFkZuk ek=k ,d ekxZnf'kZdk gSA vki
vius 'kCnksa esa Hkh izkFkZuk dj ldrs gSa %
fiz; izHkq ;h'kq] vkt eSaus le>k gS fd vkius esjs fy, Øwl ij D;k fd;k FkkA vki
esjs fy, ekjs x,! vkius viuk cgqewY; jDr cgk;k vkSj esjs ikiksa dh dher pqdkbZ
rkfd eq>s ikiksa dh {kek feysA ckbcy eq>s crkrh gS fd tks dksbZ vki esa fo'okl
djrk gS mls mldks ikiksa dh {kek feyrh gSA
vkt eSa vkiesa fo'okl djus vkSj tks dqN vkius esjs fy, fd;k gS] mldks Lohdkj
djus dk iQSlyk djrk gw¡] fd vki Øwl ij ekjs x, vkSj fiQj thfor gks x,A eSa
tkurk gw¡ fd eSa vius vkidks vPNs dkeksa ds }kjk ugha cpk ldrk gw¡A eSa vius ikiksa
dh {kek dek ugha ldrk gw¡A
vkt eSa vius ân; esa fo'okl djrk gw¡ vkSj eq¡g ls dgrk gw¡ fd vki esjs fy, ekjs
x,A vkius esjs ikiksa dk n.M pqdk;kA vki e`rdksa esa ls thfor gks x, vkSj vkiesa
fo'okl djus ds }kjk eSa vius ikiksa dh {kek vkSj iki ls NqVdkjk izkIr djrk gw¡A
izHkq ;h'kq èkU;oknA esjh lgk;rk djsa fd eSa vkidks izse dj ldw¡A vkidks vkSj vfèkd
tku ldw¡ vkSj vkids izfr fo'okl;ksX; jg ldw¡A vkehu!

63
uksVl
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64