Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

NAME: ___________________________________________ Score: ___________________

GRADE & SECTION __________________________ Teacher: ___________________

Module in Mathematics 11
BASIC CALCULUS
Third Quarter
Week 2 - Day 1
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
Compute the limits of exponential function, logarithmic function, and trigonometric
functions using tables of values and graph of the function.
OBJECTIVES
 Evaluate limits of exponential and logarithmic function.

WHAT I KNOW
Evaluate the following.
1 𝑥−1
1. 𝑓(2) , 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥−2 + 5 2. 𝑓 (−3) , 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (2) −8
WHAT’S IN

 The exponential function with base b is defined by (𝒙) = 𝒃𝒙 .

where, b = any real number such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1, x = any real number.
 In particular, if b = e, then 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆𝒙 is called the natural exponential function.
where, e = 2.718281… ( Euler Number), x = any real number.
 If 𝑏 = 𝑥 , then y is called the logarithm of x to the base b, denoted as 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒃 𝒙.
𝑦

where, b = any real number such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1, x = any real number.
WHAT’S NEW

Consider the table of the exponential function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 .

x -20 -10 -5 -1 0 1 5 10 20
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 0.00000095 0.000976 0.03125 0.5 1 2 32 1024 1 048 576
 lim 2𝑥 = 0, the limit of 2𝑥 as x decreases without bound (negative infinity) is 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑥→−∞
 lim 2𝑥 = +∞, the limit of 2𝑥 as x increases without bound (positive infinity) is +∞.
𝑥→+∞
𝟏 𝒙
Consider the table of the exponential function 𝒇(𝒙) = ( ) .
𝟐
x -20 -10 -5 -1 0 1 5 10 20
𝟏 𝒙 1 048 576 1 024 32 2 1 0.5 0.03125 0.000976 0.00000095
𝒇(𝒙) = ( )
𝟐
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
 lim (2) = 0, the limit of (2) as x decreases without bound (negative infinity) is +∞
𝑥→−∞
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
 lim (2) = 0, the limit of (2) as x increases without bound (positive infinity) is 𝑦 = 0.
𝑥→+∞
WHAT IS IT
Consider the graph of other exponential and logarithmic function.
𝒇(𝒙) = −(𝟐)𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
𝒇 (𝒙 ) = − ( )
𝟐

lim −(𝟐)𝒙 = 𝟎 𝟏 𝒙
𝑥→−∞ lim − ( ) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝟐
lim −(𝟐)𝒙 = −∞ 𝟏 𝒙
𝑥→+∞
lim − ( ) = 𝟎
𝑥→+∞ 𝟐
 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟐 𝒙 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 𝒙
( )
𝟐

lim log (1) 𝑥 = +∞

𝑥→−∞
lim log 2 𝑥 = −∞ 2
𝑥→−∞
lim log (1) 𝑥 = −∞
lim log 2 𝑥 = +∞ 𝑥→+∞ 2
𝑥→+∞

WHAT’S MORE
Direction: Evaluate the following limits of exponential and logarithmic function.

WHAT I HAVE
LEARNED

WHAT I CAN DO
Evaluate the following.
𝑒𝑥 1 𝑥
1. lim 5 𝑥 2. lim [𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥+1 ] 3. lim− 4. lim ( ) − 5 5. lim (𝑒 𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→−2 𝑥→1 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 3 𝑥→−∞

ANSWER KEY

What I Know What I Can Do

1. 6 1
1.
2. 8 25
2. 1 − 𝑒 2
3. −∞
4. 4
5. 2