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DR. MARIA D. PASTRANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Social media has been going through an extensive outbreak around the world.

It has been a good tool for social interaction among people in which they create, share

or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Now, many

families that have long distance communication use social media to interact and to

have a conversation to them even they are far away from you. It had been also used to

help students to ease boredom and to easily make their project and assignments or any

school that needs internet or social media. And social media also help to sell product

using Facebook or other selling sites, social media is the way to build an online

selling business for those mommies who do not work or a housewife It also helps you

to meet new friends and gain friends using only social media.

Although social media was proven a good tool for many people, it is also

abusively used by other users to make crime. In social media, everyone can post

anything whatever they want in public, so some people use it for saying bad words to

someone they hate even though it is public. Also, people were able to post many

embarrassing pictures without even asking permission to that person.

In this study the researches have proven that social media can also be used for

cyber bullying, child pornography and harassment, so many universities and schools

are worried if they were to continue requiring their students for using Social media
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and also confuse because social media will easily help a student to find more

information for academic’s purposes.

People are living in a time of rapid progress in the world of technology. We

have learned to love and appreciate technology, but we have also learned to crave it

relentlessly when we go without it. Many of the students are exposed in using

technologies as they were called the "Millennials" or the "Digital Natives" without

them knowing that these technologies can affect them mentally. Human shape

technologies, but our lives are then shaped by the technologies we create.

It can’t be argued that technology is part of our daily lives and it is a great

help for us to finish our task quickly. However, working with these technologies can

sometimes be stressful. Selye (2007) states that stress is unavoidable in life and no

individual will spare from stress. Some of the stress is caused by the conflicts and

interpersonal difficulties from other people, one of this stress is cause by the

technology.

In the locality of Mauban, Quezon Province, tons of computer shops can be

seen. Every barangay has more than one computer shops that are mostly full of

people. Almost all of the people that came out of the computer shops looks tired and

weary. Many of the students are more focused in their smartphones more than their

books. Most of them look groggy when nighttime comes.

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DR. MARIA D. PASTRANA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Thus, this research study aims to determine the relationship of level of

effectiveness of social media and how it effects the students in their academic

performance.

Statement of the Problem

This research will focus on the Level of Effectiveness of Social Media and its

Perceived Effects in Academic Performance of Grade 8 students in Dr. Maria D.

Pastrana National High School.

Specifically, this study aims to find the answer on the following questions:

1. What are the factors of using social media in terms of:

1.1 Personal Interest;

1.2 Family;

1.3 Academic?

2. What are the level of effectiveness of using social media in reporting?

3. What are the level of effectiveness of using social media in research?

4. What are the level of effectiveness of using social media in academic

performance?

5. Is there a significance differences of using social media in reporting and

research?
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Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of social

media to the students and its perceived effects on their academic performance.

There is a significant relationship between the level of effectiveness of social

media to the students and its perceived effects on their academic performance.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

To the students. Since it will help to understand the mind and as well as it

will help them to focus in achieving a good grade.

To the teachers. Since it will give them the basic information regarding what

type of instruction or materials they will use to help students in the teaching and

learning process. The result of the study would enhance the knowledge and awareness

of an individual regarding the effectiveness of social media to the learning ability of

the students.

To the administrators. They will also benefit in a way that it could help

them formulate and plan techniques and strategies to help the students achieve their

goals.

To the future researchers. The findings of this research will help them

provide information necessary for further opportunities to pursue this research.

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Scope and Limitations

This study is limited to determine the Level of Effectiveness of Social Media

on Grade 8 Students in reporting and research. Dr. Maria D. Pastrana High School is

the target school in Mauban, Quezon. Using simple random sampling method, the

researchers will use the fish bowl method to get the respondents, data needed to be

gather and interpreted in this study.

The instrument that will be use for the collection of data is the questionnaire

to determine the relation of the level of effectiveness of social media in reporting and

research in their academic performance.

Research Paradigm

Input Process Output

 Effectiveness of  Administering  Determined

social media and conducting differences
 Reporting of the checklist between the
 Research level of
 Evaluation of
effectiveness of
report card social media
 Tabulating, and perceived
analyzing and academic
interpreting of performance
data
 Conducting
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Figure 1. A modified input-process-output of the level of effectiveness of social

media to the perceived effects in academic performance of the grade 8 students of Dr.
Maria D. Pastrana National High School (Grade 7-12).

Figure 1 shows the Input-Process-Output to correlate the Level of

Effectiveness of Social Media and Perceived Effects in Academic Performance of the

Grade 8 Students in a selected secondary school in Mauban, Quezon. The input

shows how effective the social media in reporting and research is.

The processes to be use by the researchers are administering and conducting

of checklist, report card evaluation and tabulating, analyzing and interpreting of data.

Though this kind of procedure the researchers will attain needed information that will

help to correlate the level of effectiveness of social media and perceived effects in

academic performance of the respondents.

The output will be base to the respond of the respondents through answering

the checklist. Through the data attain from the checklist the researchers were able to

correlate the level of effectiveness of social media in reporting and research

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study, the

following terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

Academic Performance. It is the average grade of the students that is can be

seen in their report card.

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Social Media. Websites and applications that enable users to create and share

content or to participate in social networking.

Technology. This are the tools that helps people to do their task efficiently

and easier.

Reporting. Present one’s self formally as having arrived at a particular place or as

ready to do something.

Research. The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in

order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies, in order to

have a clear understanding of the problem, the researchers gather information that is

related to the problem. Researcher collected related information in other studies

Related literature

Technology is ubiquitous and can create feelings of frustration, overload, and

stress. The negative psychological link between people and the introduction of new

technologies is called Technostress. When a technology is unreliable and breaks

down, it causes physiological consequences in the body, including large increases in

the stress hormone cortisol (Riedl, 2012). People experience technostress when they

cannot adapt to or cope with information technologies in a healthy manner. They feel

obsessive about being associated and sharing constant updates, feel forced to respond

to work-related information in real-time, and engage in almost habitual multi-tasking.

Cannoly (2015) Every day, about 250 million people log in to Facebook. Twitter has

15 million regular users; they send 65 million messages each day. People watch 2 billion

clips on YouTube daily. Every user uploads an average of 24 hours of content. Every day,

more than 90% of college students visit a social networking site. That’s a lot of information

bombarding students trying to keep up with it all can change the way the brain functions.

Craig Brod (2017), a leader in the field of technostress research, states that

technostress is "a modern disease of adaptation caused by an inability to cope with the new
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computer technologies in a healthy manner. Some of the earliest technostress scholarly

studies in the field of Management Information Systems show that technostress is an

undesirable phenomenon spawned by use of computing and communication devices such as

computers, tablets and smartphones. It is dependent on gender, age and computer literacy.

Women experience lower technostress than men, older people experience less technostress at

work than younger people and those with greater computer literacy experience lower

technostress.

Tess (2013) presents a very comprehensive literature review paper regarding

the role of social media in higher education virtual and real classes. According to this

research, Facebook is said to be the most popular social networking site among

students as reported by some researchers and it has reached a one billion user base in

October 2012. Which is Facebook is the main target of our research and will provide

explanations on its effects to the performances of the students in academic matters.

MySpace is another SNS which started in 2003 and become popular around 2009.

And later become antiquated, another is LinkedIn with more than 35,000,000 users

has been reported as the third most popular SNS but said to be mostly used by

professional networking.

Lastly, this research study finds many reasons for this mix of opinion.

Although most of the educational institutions have established infrastructure for the

support of social media integration into class room learning, however, the effective

integration methodology is still a question mark for the researchers to answer. Some
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practitioners are not willing to adopt this technology due to lack of proper training in

this area.

There are 24 million Internet users In the Philippines. 51% of which use social

networking site. Social media is an effective platform for information dissemination and

engagement. “It is about to engage with our stakeholders. There are 1.4 million government

workers all over the country. Filipino should hear of the inspiring stories of our outstanding

public servants. Being on Facebook is on way to reach out to the public that we serve.” Said

CSC Chairman Francisco T. Duque III.

The Pangasinan provincial government is vigorously pushing people empowerment,

including generating greater public awareness on various government programs through the

use of social networking sites. Pursuing this thrust, the provincial government led by Gov.

Amado Espino Jr. conducted a multi -sector bloggers’ orientation seminar last June 1 at the

Pangasinan Development and Training Center here, the participants included provincial

departments heads, chiefs of hospital, administrative officers and staffs and it personnel of

different departments of the provincial government.

A series of orientation seminars is underway for all provincial employees, high school

and college students, Sanggunian Kabataan Officials, and various section in the province.

Tutorial for government employees on social networking is also set to fully realize the project

The Philippines has been on the World Wide Web since the early 90’s MozCom was the first

commercially available Internet provider in the Philippines, starting in 1994

In early 2000, via the Electronic Commerce Act or Republic Act 8792, the Philippine

government mandated that every department should have a presence on the web. This was to
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allow the public access to information as well as a means to communicate with their duty

elected publications.

According to the survey conducted by comScore, Inc., a global leader in measuring

the digital world and preferred source of digital marketing intelligence, Filipino internet users

are the most engaged in social networking online, a leading online audience measurement

service on year 2010.

Related Studies

According to Melhush and Falloon (2010), mobile technologies such as smartphones,

tablet devices, and laptops taken on an increasing presence in the higher education learning

environment. The creation of mobile technology provides not only myriads of opportunities

to support teaching and learning, but also challenges or even stress the students.

A recent survey in Nepal reported that widespread use of Facebook among the

health science students was found to have both positive and negative effects on their social

life and health. Burning eyes (21%), disturbed sleep (19%), and headache (16%) were the

most commonly encountered adverse health effects by Facebook users. However, in the study

of Sandeep et, al (2019), although the students were keen on such aspects, a rather

comparable responder distribution was noted with regard to a positive (42.45%) or negative

(45.6%) influence of social media usage on physical well-being.

Chawla (2014) tried to identify the positive as well as negative aspects of the

use of Social networking sites (SNSs) among college students of Karnal district.
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Social networking using habits of the students of 4 colleges (2 Govt. aided & 2

selffinancing) were studied. A descriptive survey method was used for data collection

with the help of a self-structured & administered questionnaire on a sample of 200.

The statistical techniques mean, SD, t-test, percentage and correlation were used for

the analysis and interpretation of the data.

The results revealed that the students of urban areas are savvier with social

networking usage in comparison to the rural. Students are spending on an 1-3 average

hours on internet and the most popular social networking sites in terms of profiles in

order of preference is facebook, orkut, twitter and linkedin etc. Findings of the study

indicates that there is no significant difference between the social networking habits

of Govt. aided and self-financing college students as now a days everyone is using

internet in routine for every kind of information whether social, personal, educational

or professional. Furthermore, social networking using habits of undergraduate and

post-graduate students differ.

Kasturi and Vardhan (2014) examined the key issues and new challenges of

the social media with the help of a filed study in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh.

Opinions of a total of 54 participants, an equal representation of men and women

aged below 35 years has been considered for the study. Percentage, frequency and

graphs were used to analyze the data. This study and its embedded data analysis find

that the social media has a tremendous upshot on the masses of all three geographic
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levels; and on both male and female participants. From the study, it is evident that

both boys and girls accept the fact that social media is highly ubiquitous in nature.

Conceptual Framework

Based from reading of related literature and studies, the researcher had come up
with the technostress, frustration, physiological consequences in the body and many
more which are all part of the effects of social media. These provide different views
on the benefits and problems with the social media to know how it affects to the
students, or to someone who uses social media. Students would enjoy such and their
leisure time in using social media as cited by different authors. Thus, using of social
media can help us communicate with other relatives who are far from us.
It helps us creating research and reports easily, find out some users of social
media that are not helping to academic performances, but is essential to develop
interest and some skill. In using social media, all of us are able to use it specially in
academic performance. What social media need is to determine and devote a person
to achieve success.
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the methods and procedures to be used in the research

study. It contains research design, research locale, respondents of the study, sampling

procedure, instrumentation, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

The researchers will be using quantitative research design through

correlational study between the level of effectiveness of social media and the

academic performance of the respondents. The data of this research will be gathered

through a questionnaire and student’s data of academic performance.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Dr. Maria D. Pastrana National High School,

Mauban, Quezon during the academic year of 2020-2021. The researcher chose this

school because it has a large number of students who are exposed to technology and

social media.
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Research Population and Sampling

The respondent of these study are 30 grade 8 students of Dr. Maria D.

Pastrana National High School.The random sampling will be utilized through the use

of Slovin’s formula using 0.5% margin of error to get the sample of the population.

Instrumentation

To determine the Level of Effectiveness of Social Media in their Academic

Perfomance to the students of Dr. Maria D. Pastrana National High School Mauban,

Quezon, a social media effectiveness markers checklist is developed.

Development of Instruments for Effectiveness of Social Media. The

researchers will be using a Likert scale questionnaire to determine the level of

effectiveness of social media and its perceived effects in the students' academic

performance. The checklist is consisted of 15-item statements.

The statements are all about the gadgets used by the students and how many

hours they spent in using these. It must be assessing by following the qualitative

descriptions of Always (4), Often (3), Sometimes (2) and Never (1). The checklist is

self-made by the researchers. Moreover, they construct it based on the related

literature of the study.

Validation of Instrument. The effectiveness of social media checklist will be

validated by language and technology experts. For the face validation, the language
experts will be going to assess the checklist if the contents are related to the study and
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in lined to the objectives of the study, and will going to check the grammar,

punctuations and sentence construction is well-structured.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before this study will be conducted, the researchers prepare all the necessary

materials that they will be using to their research such as the checklist. In order for

the researchers to conduct their study, they need to request a letter to the principal of

the selected school, asking permission to administer the evaluation. The researchers

will write a letter to the teachers of the grade to allow them to conduct their study.

After doing so, the researchers will request to the guidance counselor in order to have

a copy of the report card of the selected respondents.

Once all the research materials are prepared, the researchers will proceed in

doing their research. The researcher administers the questionnaires to the respondents.

The results of the study are subjected to data analysis through the use of different
statistical treatment; Percentage Formula to find out the percentage of the respondents
in terms of their Age and Gender.; To find the levels of effectiveness of social media
and its perceived effects in the academic performance of the respondents the
researchers will use the Weighted Mean formula; Lastly, they will use the Pearson
Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to know if there is a significant relationship
between the perceived level of effectiveness of social media and academic
performance.
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Statistical Treatment

The researchers will be going to tabulate, analyze and interpret. The data

interpretation will be determined by the following;

Weighted Mean Formula is used to the find the levels of technostress and its

perceived effects in the academic performance of the respondent

4 f +3 f +2 f + f
WM=
N

Where:

WM= weighted mean

F= frequency

N= number of respondents

The researchers will be following the scale in scaling the level of effectiveness

of social media to the students:

Effectiveness of Social Media Level Scale

Score Point Descriptive Assessment Assessment
Rating Range Criteria
4 Always 3.68- 4.00 High Level
3 Often Medium Level
2.34- 3.67
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2 Sometimes Low Level
1.01-2.33
1 Never 0-1.00 Very Low Level

x=
∑x
N

Where:

x = mean

∑ x = means standard deviation of a population

N = number of respondents

Academic Performance Legend

Grade Interval Level

90-100 Outstanding
85-89 Very Satisfactory

80-84 Satisfactory
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory

T test for sample Independent Sample Formula and Computation, will be used to

determine if there is a significant relationship between the perceived level of

effectiveness of social media and academic performance.

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x̄ 1−x̄ 2
t=

√[ [ N 1 S 21 + N 2 S 22 ]
N 1 + N 2−2 ][ N 1+ N 2
N 1 N2 ]

Where:

T = The T- test

x̄ 1= The mean of group one

x̄ 2 = The mean of group two

S1 = The standard deviation of group one

S2 = The standard deviation of group two

N 1 = The number of observation in group one

N 2 = The number of observation in group two