[Year]

Introduction of
MULTISM
(full details and information about multism)
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short
summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document
here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]

Laptop Point
[Type the company name]
[Pick the date]
Tasks Total Marks Obtain Marks

Introduction of Multimeter

Simple Series Circuit

Use LED in simple circuit

Use Multimeter to find

Resistance
Contents
History: ...................................................................... 6
Uses:........................................................................... 6
Using Ohm’s Law in Series Circuits: .......................... 8
Using Ohm’s Law in a Simple, Single Resistor Circuit:
...................................................................................... 8
Using Ohm’s Law in Circuits with Multiple Resistors:
...................................................................................... 9
1)Multimeter 1: ......................................................... 11
2)Multimeter 2: ......................................................... 11
3)Multimeter 3: ......................................................... 12
MULTISM INTRODUCTION

NI Multisim (formerly MultiSIM) is an electronic schematic capture and

simulation program which is part of a suite of circuit design programs, along
with NI Ultiboard. Multisim is one of the few circuit design programs to employ
the original Berkeley SPICE based software simulation. Multisim was originally
created by a company named Electronics Workbench, which is now a division
of National Instruments. Multisim includes microcontroller simulation (formerly
known as MultiMCU), as well as integrated import and export features to
the printed circuit board layout software in the suite, NI Ultiboard.
Multisim is widely used in academia and industry for circuits education, electronic
schematic design and SPICE simulation.
History:

Multisim was originally called Electronics Workbench and created by a company

called Interactive Image Technologies. At the time it was mainly used as an
educational tool to teach electronics technician and electronics
engineering programs in colleges and universities. National Instruments has
maintained this educational legacy, with a specific version of Multisim with
features developed for teaching electronics.
In 1999, Multisim was integrated with Ultiboard after the original company
merged with Ultimate Technology, a PCB layout software company.
In 2005, Interactive Image Technologies was acquired by National
Instruments Electronics Workbench Group and Multisim was renamed to NI
Multisim.

Uses:

1)Multism for education:

Multisim™ for Education is circuits teaching

application software for analog, digital, and power electronics courses and
laboratories.

2)Multism for Designers:

 Multisim™ for Education is circuits teaching
application software for analog, digital, and power electronics courses and
laboratories .

Simple Series Circuit

1. Current: The amount of current is the same through any component in a series
circuit.
2. Resistance: The total resistance of any series circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual resistances.
3. Voltage: The supply voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the
individual voltage drops.

Let’s take a look at some examples of series circuits that demonstrate these
principles.
We’ll start with a series circuit consisting of three resistors and a single battery:

The first principle to understand about series circuits is as follows:

The amount of current in a series circuit is the same through any component in
the circuit.
This is because there is only one path for current flow in a series circuit. Because
electric charge flows through conductors like marbles in a tube, the rate of flow
(marble speed) at any point in the circuit (tube) at any specific point in time must
be equal.
Using Ohm’s Law in Series Circuits:
From the way that the9-volt battery is arranged, we can tell that the current in
this circuit will flow in a clockwise direction, from point 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 and back
to 1. However, we have one source of voltage and three resistances. How do we
use Ohm’s Law here?
An important caveat to Ohm’s Law is that all quantities (voltage, current,
resistance, and power) must relate to each other in terms of the same two points
in a circuit. We can see this concept in action in the single resistor circuit example
below.

Using Ohm’s Law in a Simple, Single Resistor Circuit:

With a single-battery, single-resistor circuit, we could easily calculate any quantity
because they all applied to the same two points in the circuit:

Since points 1 and 2 are connected together with the wire of negligible resistance,
as are points 3 and 4, we can say that point 1 is electrically common to point 2,
and that point 3 is electrically common to point 4. Since we know we have 9 volts
of electromotive force between points 1 and 4 (directly across the battery), and
since point 2 is common to point 1 and point 3 common to point 4, we must also
have 9 volts between points 2 and 3 (directly across the resistor).
Therefore, we can apply Ohm’s Law (I = E/R) to the current through the resistor,
because we know the voltage (E) across the resistor and the resistance (R) of that
resistor. All terms (E, I, R) apply to the same two points in the circuit, to that same
resistor, so we can use the Ohm’s Law formula with no reservation.
Using Ohm’s Law in Circuits with Multiple Resistors:
In circuits containing more than one resistor, we must be careful in how we apply
Ohm’s Law. In the three-resistor example circuit below, we know that we have 9
volts between points 1 and 4, which is the amount of electromotive force driving
the current through the series combination of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 . However, we cannot
take the value of 9 volts and divide it by 3k, 10k or 5k Ω to try to find a current
value, because we don’t know how much voltage is across any one of those
resistors, individually.

The figure of 9 volts is a total quantity for the whole circuit, whereas the figures
of 3k, 10k, and 5k Ω are individual quantities for individual resistors. If we were to
plug a figure for total voltage into an Ohm’s Law equation with a figure for
individual resistance, the result would not relate accurately to any quantity in the
real circuit.
For R 1 , Ohm’s Law will relate the amount of voltage across R 1 with the current
through R 1 , given R 1 ‘s resistance, 3kΩ:

But, since we don’t know the voltage across R 1 (only the total voltage supplied by
the battery across the three-resistor series combination) and we don’t know the
current through R 1 , we can’t do any calculations with either formula. The same
goes for R 2 and R 3 : we can apply the Ohm’s Law equations if and only if all terms
are representative of their respective quantities between the same two points in
the circuit.
So what can we do? We know the voltage of the source (9 volts) applied across
the series combination of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , and we know the resistance of each
resistor, but since those quantities aren’t in the same context, we can’t use Ohm’s
Law to determine the circuit current. If only we knew what the total resistance
was for the circuit: then we could calculate the total current with our figure
for total voltage (I=E/R).

Using LED in simple Circuit

The simplest circuit to drive an LED is through a series resistor. Although
simple, this circuit is not the most energy efficient circuit to drive an LED,
since energy is lost in the resistor. More complicated circuits improve the
energy efficiency.
An LED has a voltage drop specified at the intended operating
current. Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's circuit laws are used to calculate the
appropriate resistor value to obtain the desired current. The value is
computed by subtracting the LED voltage drop from the supply voltage and
dividing by the desired operating current.
If the supply voltage is close or equal to the LED forward voltage, then no
reasonable value for the resistor can be calculated. An LED should not be
operated without some form of current limiting. If the supply voltage is close
to the forward voltage of the LED, then a better method of current limiting
must be used - a series resistor cannot be used in these conditions.
This basic circuit is used in a wide range of applications, including many
consumer appliances such as mobile phone chargers.

Using Multimeter to Find Resistance:

We will take three multimeter with three resistances. And the resistances,
voltages and current on different resistances would be found in multimeter.

1)Multimeter 1:
Resistance (ohm) = 398.09ohm
Current (I) = 5.958mA
Voltage (V) = 3.981V

2)Multimeter 2:
Resistance (ohm) = 398.09Mohm
Current (I) = 5.957mA
Voltage (V) = 3.981V
3)Multimeter 3:
Resistance (ohm) = 398.09Mohm
Current (I) = 5.957mA
Voltage (V) = 3.981V

Comparison:
In this comparison all the resistors contain about same voltage,
resistance and current because all the resistance contain same value(1k ohm).