Scientific

classification

Gingelly
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids

(Sesamum indicum)
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
Group No: 02
: indicu
m

Export Agriculture Degree Programme

 Content
• Introduction
Scientific
• Scientific classification classification
Kingdo Plantae

• Major growing areasm:(unrank Angiosp

• Ecological requirement ed):

(unrank
erms
Eudicot

• Morphology ed):
(unrank
s
Asterids

• Varieties
ed):
Order: Lamiale

• Management practices
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
• Pest and diseases Genus: Sesamu
m
• Uses Species
:
S.
indicu
• Advantages of growing m

sesame
• Constraints
 Introduction
Scientific
• Queen of oil seeds classification
Kingdo Plantae

• Contain approximately
m:
50% oil and 25%
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
protein. (unrank Eudicot
ed): s
• One of the oldest cultivated
(unrank Asterids
ed):
plants in the
world. Order: Lamiale
s

• Sesame oil contains about

Family: Pedalia
ceae 47% oleic and 39%
Genus: Sesamu
linoleic acid. m
Species S.
: indicu
m
• Most of wild speciesScientific
of the genus Sesamum
classification
are native to Africa south
Kingdo Plantae of the Saharan
m:
• Sesame is grown in many
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp parts of the world
erms

on over 5 million acres

(unrank (20,000
Eudicot km 2)
ed): s

• The largest producers

(unrank Asterids
ed): of the crop in 2007
Order: Lamiale
were India, China, Myanmar, s Sudan, Ethiopia,
Family: Pedalia
Uganda and Nigeria ceae
Genus: Sesamu

• 70% -Grown in Asia Species S.

m

: indicu
• 26% -Grown in Africa m
 Scientific Classification
Scientific
classification
Kingdom : Plantae
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms

Order : Lamiales
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):

Family : Pedaliaceae
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
Genus : Sesamum m
Species S.
: indicu
m
Species : S.indicum
 Major Growing Areas
Scientific
In the world; classification
Kingdo Plantae

• China m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
• India (unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s

• Pakistan (unrank
ed):
Asterids

Order: Lamiale
In Sri Lanka; Family:
s
Pedalia

• Jaffna
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m

• AnuradhapuraSpecies
:
S.
indicu
m
• Pollonnaruwa
• Wavniya
 Ecological Requirement
Scientific
classification
• Rainfall – A early stage 500mm-600mm
Kingdo Plantae
m:

Can cultivate in both;

(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms

Yalas
(unrank Eudicot
ed):

Maha
(unrank Asterids
ed):

• Soil condition – WellOrder:drain;

Lamiale
s Sandy loam soil
• T range of 25 - 27 C encourages
0 Family: Pedalia
ceae rapid
Genus: Sesamu
germination initial growth mand flower formation
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Morphology
• Broadleaf plant classification
Scientific

• An annual plant growing

Kingdo Plantae
m: to 50 to 100 cm tall
(unrank Angiosp

Flowers ed): erms

(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
White to purple,(unrank
tubular,
ed):
Asterids 3 to 5 cm long,
with a four-lobedOrder:mouth
Lamiale
s

Fruit Family: Pedalia

ceae
Genus: Sesamu
Deeply grooved capsule
Species S.
m
that contains 50 to
50 to 100 or more seeds
: indicu
m
Root
Tap root system Scientific
classification

Leaves Kingdo Plantae

m:

Varied shapes, either oval or

erms lanciolate and fluffy
(unrank Angiosp
ed):

on both sides (unrank Eudicot

ed): s

Seed (unrank Asterids

ed):

• Capsules are 1 to 1 1/2 inches

Order: Lamiale
s long, with 8 rows
of seeds in each capsule
Family: Pedalia
ceae

• Seeds are small and vary in color.

Genus: Sesamu
m

• Lighter colored seedsSpecies

: areindicu
S.
considered higher
m
higher quality
 Varieties
Variety Colour of seed Oil
Scientific
content Maturation
classification
Kingdo Plantae
period
m:
MI 1 Black 45%
(unrank Angiosp 85 days
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s

MI 2 Black 45%
(unrank Asterids
ed): 85 days
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
MI 3 White Genus:
48-49%
ceae
Sesamu
80-85 days
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Other Varieties
Variety of Colour of Scientific Maturation Harvest
classification
seed period
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
Uma White 70-75 days
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
700kg/ha
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Malee Brown Order: 80-85 days
Lamiale
s
650kg/ha
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
Land preparation Scientific

• Sesame seeds are very

classification
Kingdo smallPlantae and sensitive to
m:
tilth of the soil (unrank Angiosp
ed): erms

• Should be weed free(unrank

ed):
and well leveled for sowing
Eudicot
s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Management Practices
Thinned out Scientific
classification

When plants having

m: 3-4 leaves
Kingdo Plantae

(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms

Fertilizing (unrank Eudicot

ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Kg/ha Urea Order: TSP
Lamiale
s
MOP
Family: Pedalia
ceae

Basal 50 Genus:
120
Sesamu
m 60
Species S.
dressing : indicu
m

Top 60 - -
dressing
Weed Control
Scientific
classification

• Within 1st month ofKingdo

m:planting
Plantae

(unrank Angiosp
• Weeding-after 2weeks
ed): of
erms planting
(unrank Eudicot

• Remove/thin out excess

ed): s
plants
(unrank Asterids
ed):
• After 4weeks again Order:
can Lamiale
s
do weeding
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m

Mulching in sesame cultivation

 Harvesting
Scientific

• Mature between 3-4Kingdo

months
classification
Plantae
m:
• Bottom seeds ripening(unrankfirst
ed):
Angiosp
erms

• Capsules shattering to
ed): shed
(unrank Eudicot
s their seeds is a
problem in harvestinged):
(unrank Asterids

Order: Lamiale
• Plants are cut to a height s
of 10-15 cm or
Family: Pedalia
ceae
uprooted before capsules are fully ripened
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
The optimum time for harvesting is when:
Scientific

• The first, lowest capsules turn brown and

classification
Kingdo Plantae

begin to pop openm:

(unrank Angiosp

• The stem turns(unrank

ed): erms
yellow
Eudicot

• The leaves begin

ed): s
(unrankto fall off
Asterids
ed):
• Blossoming has finished
Order: Lamiale
s
• The leaves have turned
Family: Pedalia
ceae
yellow
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
Processing Scientific
classification
• To prevent sand been
Kingdo mixed
m:
Plantae spread the seeds
on magal or polythene
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms

• Remove the separated sseeds and clean them

(unrank Eudicot
ed):
(unrank Asterids
and store them ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Major Problem
Scientific

• About 99% of theKingdo

classification
Gingelly
Plantae grown in the
m:
world is harvested (unrank
manually
ed):
Angiosp
erms
• Because the capsules shatter when they dry
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
down (unrank Asterids
ed):

• Gingelly pods thatOrder:

open Lamialeand the seed fall
s

down Family: Pedalia

ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Further more……
Crop duration
80-85 days Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
Seed rate m:
(unrank Angiosp
Broadcasting – 7kg/haed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
Row seeding – 5kg/ha ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):

Time of planting Order: Lamiale

s

Yala season – Mid March- Early

Family: Pedalia
ceae
April
Maha season – At earlyGenus:
October
Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
Seeding and spacing m

Space between two rows – 30cm

Space between two plants – 15 cm
 Major Pests in Gingelly
• Sesame gall midge Scientific
classification

(Asphondylia sesami) Kingdo

m:
Plantae

(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
• Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.)
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
• Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)
Family: Pedalia
s

ceae
Genus: Sesamu

• Cut worm (Agrotia spp.)

m
Species S.
: indicu
m

• Aphids
 Other Pests
• Devil grasshopperScientific
(Diabolocatantops
axillaries) classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
• Army worm (Helicoverpa
ed):
fletcheri)
erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
• Green stink bugOrder:
(Nezara
ed):
Lamiale
viridula)
s
Family: Pedalia

• Bean weevil (Callosobruchus

Genus: Sesamu
analis)
ceae

m
Species S.

• Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis)

: indicu
m

• Sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata)

 Major Diseases in Gingelly
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
• Leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringe)
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
•Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
• Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
• Powdery mildew (Oidium crysiphoides &
m:
(unrank Angiosp
Sphaerotheca fuluginea)
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
• Blight or Black shank
ed):
(Phytopthora nicolianae)
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Advantages Of Growing Sesame
• An adaptable crop grown in arid/semi-arid
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
regions m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot

• Offers more potential

ed):
return for less cost than
s
(unrank Asterids

other crops ed):

Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
• Can be more profitable with limited resources
Genus: Sesamu
m
than other crops using the
Species
:
S. same level of resources
indicu
m

• Excellent drought and heat tolerance

• Has shown excellent disease and insect
tolerance Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
• Grows well in no-till(unrank
and
ed):
results in mellow soil
erms
Eudicot

with residue that allows

ed):
uniform
s
(unrank Asterids
planting
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Uses
Scientific
Confectioneries and other food items
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
• Vegetable oil

• Body massageScientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:

• Hair treatment
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s

• Drug manufacturing
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
• Agrochemical manufacturing
Genus: Sesamu
ceae

m
Species S.
• Soap manufacturing
: indicu
m

• Worship
 Constraints in Gingelly Cultivation
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
• Cultivation of low yielding
(unrank Angiosp dehiscent varieties
ed): erms
with low harvest index ed):
values
(unrank Eudicot
s

• Significant yield loss

ed): during threshing
(unrank Asterids

Order: Lamiale
• Lack of agriculturalFamily:
inputs,
s
Pedalia
improved varieties
• Lack of appropriateGenus: ceae
storage
Sesamu facilities
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
 Group Members
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
• M.J.Infaz (unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
UWU/EAG/11/0020
• R.A.D.S Rupasinghe(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s UWU/EAG/11/0024
• Y.S.M.M.P Yallarawa
(unrank Asterids
ed): UWU/EAG/11/0029
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m
THANK YOU!
Scientific
classification
Kingdo Plantae
m:
(unrank Angiosp
ed): erms
(unrank Eudicot
ed): s
(unrank Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species S.
: indicu
m