Hello Class Lecture: 10.

7 Gain Margin & Phase Margin

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Lecture 10.7
Topic: Bode Plot Gain Margin & Phase Margin
Prepared by
Engr. Dr. Muhammad Farhan
Email: mfarhan@gcuf.edu.pk
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Hello Class Lecture: 10.7 Gain Margin & Phase Margin

Gain & Phase Cross Over Frequency, GM

• Gain cross over frequency 𝜔𝑔𝑐
• The frequency at which magnitude of 𝐺(𝑗𝜔ሻ𝐻(𝑗𝜔ሻ is unity i.e. 1 is
called gain crossover frequency. Generally magnitude of 𝐺(𝑗𝜔ሻ𝐻(𝑗𝜔ሻ is
expressed in dB and value of 1 is 0dB.
• Phase crossover frequency 𝜔𝑝𝑐
• The frequency at which phase angle of 𝐺(𝑗𝜔ሻ𝐻(𝑗𝜔ሻ is -180 and is called
phase crossover frequency
• Gain Margin
• It is defined as the margin in gain allowable by which gain can be
increased till system reaches on the verge of instability. More +ve the
G.M more, the system is more stable.
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Hello Class Lecture: 10.7 Gain Margin & Phase Margin

Phase Margin & Gain Margin

• Phase margin
• The amount of additional phase lag which can be introduced in the
system till system reaches on the verge of instability is called phase
margin P.M.
• *System is said to be stable when P.M. and G.M. are positive while
system is said to be unstable when both P.M. and G.M. are negative.
Now when system is on the verge of instability i.e. marginally stable in
nature then G.M. and P.M. both are zero.
• For G.M. and P.M. positive i.e. stable system, 𝜔𝑔𝑐 < 𝜔𝑝𝑐 . While for G.M.
and P.M. negative i.e. unstable system, 𝜔𝑔𝑐 > 𝜔𝑝𝑐
• When 𝜔𝑔𝑐 = 𝜔𝑝𝑐 the system is marginally stable
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Hello Class Lecture: 10.7 Gain Margin & Phase Margin

G.M. and P.M.

G.M. and P.M.
positive i.e. stable
negative i.e. unstable
system,
system
𝜔𝑔𝑐 < 𝜔𝑝𝑐
𝜔𝑔𝑐 > 𝜔𝑝𝑐

G.M. and P.M. is zero i.e.

marginally stable system

𝜔𝑔𝑐 = 𝜔𝑝𝑐

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