M. P. I.

OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS STD: XI & XII

OXIDIZING AGENTS

OXIDIZING AGENTS REDUCING AGENTS PRODUCTS

1. NO2  NO  O Na, Cu , C , S , P, Corresponding oxides
H 2 S & CO S & CO2
2. N 2O  N 2  O  Na, Mg , Ca, C , P, S Corresponding oxides
3. 2 HNO2  H 2O  2 NO  O  H 2 S , SO2 , Na3 AsO3 S , H 2 SO4 , Na3 AsO4
KI , FeSO4 I 2 , Fe2  SO4 3
SnCl2 SnCl4
4. Dilute &Very dilute nitric acid Zn, Sn, Mg , Fe, Mn NH 4 NO3  Metal nitrate
Dilute nitric acid Cu, Ag , Hg , Pb NO  Metal nitrate
Fe, Zn N 2O  Metal nitrate
Sn NH 4 NO3  Metal nitrate
Concentrated nitric acid 
HCl , NO , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
2
2 HNO3  H 2O  2 NO2  O
Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42
H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , KI H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , I 2
Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag NO2  Metal nitrate
Sn, As, Sb H 2 SnO3 , H 3 AsO4 , H 3SbO4
Mn, Mg H 2  Metal nitrate
Fe, Co, Ni, Cr , Al Become passive
Au, Pt , Ir , Rh No reaction
C , S , P, I , B CO2 , H 2 SO4 , H 3 PO4 ,
HIO3 , H 3 BO3
NiS , CoS S  NO  Nitrate
8N HNO3 Cu N 2O3  Blueliq   CuSO4
CuS , PbS , Bi2 S3 , CdS S  NO  Nitrate
5. Aqua regia Au, Pt HAuCl4 , H 2 PtCl6

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 M. P. I. OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS
HNO3  3HCl  2 H 2 O HgS , NiS , CoS
 NO  3 Cl 
6. Hydrogen peroxide
H 2O2  H 2O  O  ZnS , CuS , PbS ,
NaNO2 , H 3 PO2 Na2 SO3
Na3 AsO3 , KI , H 3 PO3
H 2 S , HCHO, Cu2O
Hg , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , C6 H 6
Alkenes
H 2O2  2 H  2e   2 H 2O FeSO4 , K 4  Fe  CN 6 
In Dil H 2 SO4
K 2Cr2O7
Conc. H 2 SO4 in ether
STD: XI & XII
S  HgCl2 , NiCl2 , CoCl2
ZnSO4 , CuSO4 , PbSO4 ,
NaNO3 , H 3 PO4 , Na2 SO4
Na3 AsO4 , I 2 , H 3 PO4
S , HCOOH , CuO
HgO, N 2 , N 2 , C6 H 5OH
Vicinal-diols
Fe2  SO4 3 , K 3  Fe  CN 6 
CrO5  Bluelayer 
 Cr2  SO4 3
4CrO5 
6 H 2 SO4

6 H 2 O  7O2
H 2O2  2e   2OH  Cr  OH 3 , Mn 2 in NaOH Na2CrO4 , MnO2
7. Ozone S , P, As, I 2 Respective oxyacids
O3  O2  O  H 2O2 , C & CO H 2O  O2 , CO2

KI , K 2 MnO4 I 2 , KMnO4
K 4  Fe  CN 6  in KOH K 3  Fe  CN 6 
Dry I 2 I 4O9
SnCl2 SnCl4
KI in KOH KIO3 & KIO4
Ozone also acts as a good bleaching agent and used ZnS , CuS , PbS , NH 3 ZnSO4 , CuSO4 , PbSO4 , N 2
in organic chemistry for ozonolysis of alkenes,
alkynes and number of organic compounds. NaNO2 , Na2 SO3 , HCl NaNO3 , Na2 SO4 , Cl2

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 M. P. I. OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS STD: XI & XII
Na3 AsO3 , KI , H 3 PO2 Na3 AsO4 , I 2 , H 3 PO4 ,
H 3 PO3 , H 2 S , HCHO, H 3 PO4 , S , HCOOH ,
Ag , Hg , N 2 H 4 , FeSO4 Ag 2 O, HgO, N 2 , Fe2  SO4 3 ,
SO2 , HX , KOH , Cu2O SO3 , X 2 , KO3 , CuO
8. SO2  S  2 O  H 2 S , CO, H 2 , S , CO2 , H 2O,
It also acts as artificial bleaching agent, which is SnCl2 , Hg 2Cl2 SnCl4 , HgCl2
temporary bleaching, because it is due to the
Mg , MgO  MgS ,
reduction reaction.
K, K 2 SO3  K 2 S 2O3 ,
Fe FeO  FeS
9. SO3  SO2  O  S , P, HBr SO2 , P2O5 , Br2
PCl5 POCl3  Cl2
10. Hot & conc Sulphuric acid HCl , NO2 , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
H 2 SO4  H 2O  SO2  O  Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42
OR
H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , KI H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , I 2
2 H 2 SO4  2e  2 H 2O  SO2  SO42


C , S , P, I 2 CO2 , SO2 , H 3 PO4 , HIO3

Cu, Ag , Hg Respective sulphates
KI , KBr I 2 , Br2
Naphthalene Phthalic acid + CO2
11. Fluorine KClO3 , KBrO3 , KIO3 KClO4 , KBrO4 , KIO4
F2  HF  or  F  KCl , KBr , KI Cl2 , Br2 , I 2
NaHSO4 Na2 S2O8  H 2 F2
NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , H 2 S , C , Si N 2 , NF3 , SF6 , CF4 , SiF4
P, As, B PF3 , AsF3 , BF3

12. Chlorine KBr , KI , FeCl2 , H 2 S Br2 , I 2 , FeCl3 , S

Cl2  H 2O  2 HCl  O  SO2 , Na2 SO3 , Na2 S2O3 H 2 SO4 , Na2 SO4 , Na2 SO4  S
Chlorine water also act as good bleaching agent.
Bleaching due to chlorine water is permanent, Na2 S2O3  4Cl2  xs   5H 2O 2 NaCl  6 HCl  2 H 2 SO4

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 M. P. I. OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS STD: XI & XII
because it is due to oxidation reaction. Na3 AsO3 Na3 AsO4
FeSO4 Fe2  SO4 3
13. Bromine KI , Fe, FeBr2 , H 2 S I 2 , FeBr3 , FeBr3 , S
Br2  H 2O  2 HBr  O  SO2 , Na2 SO3 , Na2 S2O3 H 2 SO4 , Na2 SO4 , Na2 SO4  S
Na3 AsO3 Na3 AsO4
FeSO4 Fe2  SO4 3
Iodine SO2 , Na2 SO3 , Na3 AsO3 H 2 SO4 , Na2 SO4 , Na3 AsO4
I 2  H 2 O  2 HI  O  Na2 S 2O3 , H 2 S , Fe, FeI 2 Na2 S4 O6 , S , FeI 3 , FeI 3
FeSO4 Fe2  SO4 3
14. CaOCl2  CaCl2  O  HCl , KI , NO2 , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , I 2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
OR Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42
NaOCl  NaCl  O  H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , AsO32 H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , AsO43
Bleaching powder also act as good bleaching agent.
Bleaching due to chlorine water is permanent,
because it is due to oxidation reaction.
15. KMnO4
Faintly alkaline medium KI , Alkene KIO3

MnO  MnO2
4 In Hot & conc. KOH Cleavage of pi bonds
Strong alkaline medium (Baeyer’s reagent) Alkenes Formation of vic-diols
MnO 
 MnO OH  2 InCold & dil KOH
4 4

Neutral medium H 2 S , MnSO4 , Na2 S2O3 S , MnO2 , Na2 SO4


MnO 
 MnO2
4
H 2O

Acidic medium Fe 2 , KI , H 2 S , SO2 Fe3 , I 2 , S , H 2 SO4


MnO4 
H
Mn 2 KNO2 , HX , H 2C2O4 KNO3 , X 2 , CO2
Sn 2 , Na2 SO3 , Na3 AsO3 Sn 4 , Na2 SO4 , Na3 AsO4
PbS , Cu2O, H 3 PO2 PbSO4 , CuO, H 3 PO4

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 M. P. I. OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS STD: XI & XII

H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2
Alkenes Acids/ketones
Na2 S2O3  2KMnO4  Conc
H2SO4
Na2 SO4  K 2 SO4  Mn2O3
Na2 S2O3  KMnO4 Na2 S2O6
16. MnO2
MnO2  MnSO4  H 2O  O 
H 2 SO4 HCl , NO2 , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42
H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , H 2 SO4 H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , O2

17. K 2Cr2O7 Fe 2 , KI , H 2 S , SO2 Fe3 , I 2 , S , H 2 SO4

Sn 2 , SO32 , NO2 Sn 4 , SO42 , NO3

Cr2O72 
H
Cr 3
AsO32 , S 2O32 AsO43 , SO42  S
PbS , Cu2O, H 3 PO2 PbSO4 , CuO, H 3 PO4
H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , HCl H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , Cl2

18. Sn 2 , H 2 S , KI ,  H  Sn 4 , S , I 2 , HCl

FeCl3 
e
 FeCl2  Cl 
SO2 H 2 SO4  HCl

19. PbO2  OR  Pb3O4

PbO2 
2 HNO3
 Mn  NO3 2  H 2O  O  HCl , NO2 , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42
Pb3O4 
HNO3
 Pb  NO3 2  PbO2
H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , H 2 SO4 H 3 PO4 , N 2 , O2

20. KClO3
KClO3  KCl  3O  HCl , NO2 , H 2 S , PbS Cl2 , NO3 , S , PbSO4
Fe 2 , Cu2 O, H 3 PO2 , SO32 Fe3 , CuO, H 3 PO4 , SO42

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 M. P. I. OXIDIZING AGENTS & REDUCING AGENTS STD: XI & XII

H 3 PO3 , NH 3 , N 2 H 4 , KI H 3 PO4 , N 2 , N 2 , I 2

Common oxidizing agents:

H 2O2 , PbO2 , Pb3O4 , KClO3 , MnO2 , O3 , CaOCl2 , NaOCl , Conc.H 2 SO4 , Hot & Conc. HNO3 , KMnO4 , K 2Cr2O7

These oxidizing agents can oxidize the following reducing agents as follows

NaNO2  NaNO3 , Na2 SO3  Na2 SO4 , H 2S  S , PbS  PbSO4 , Fe 2  Fe 3 ,

Cu2O  CuO, H 3 PO2  H 3 PO4 , H 3 PO3  H 3 PO4 , NH 3  N 2 ,

N2H 4  N2 , HI  I 2 , HCl  Cl2 , AsO33  AsO43 , Sn 2  Sn 4