Scientific Research Journal of India ● Volume: 2, Issue: 3, Year: 2013

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STUDIES W.R.T STATISTICAL

METHODS

Neha Dewan*

“An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is
followed by a succinct descriptive summary and evaluative paragraph, the annotation”.
In the present article, we have provided annotated bibliography of studies from rehabilitation science
that are well written with respect to (w.r.t) the statistical methods aspect of the paper. The identified studies
represents a number of statistical topics addressed in the research.

The purpose of present annotated bibliography is to provide the readers about the effective writing
skills for representing results of statistical analysis in their research papers.
The annotated bibliography mentioned below contains a brief statement of the statistical concepts
effectively conveyed in the paper and a quote or two from the paper illustrating the statements which were
found useful.

1. Bastos FN, Vanderlei LCM, Nakamura FY,
Bertollo M, Godoy MF, Hoshi RA, et al. Effects
of Cold Water Immersion and Active Recovery
on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Variability. Int J
Sports Med. 2012; 33: 873–879.
Participants : “20 young male subjects (age:
21±2 years; height: 175±8 cm; body mass: 72±11
kg; body mass index: 23.5±2.1 kg·m − 2; VO2max:
47.1±3.1 mL·kg − 1·min − 1) were recruited for the
study.”

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Results: “Also, significant differences in the
time required to reach [Lac]peak were found
between CWI and PR (6.3±2.4 vs. 9.8±3.1 min,
respectively) as well as between AR and PR
(7.13±2.71 vs. 9.84±3.07 min, respectively)
(p<0.05, for all)”
This can be a good example of the use of
descriptive statistics in describing
participants as well as summarising the results.
2. Lewis JS, Wright C, Green A. Subacromial
impingement syndrome: the effect of changing
posture on shoulder range of movement. J Orthop
Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35:72-87.
Introduction: “The null hypotheses for this
investigation was that changing posture would
have no effect on shoulder range of movement in
asymptomatic subjects and on shoulder range of
movement and pain in subjects with SIS.”
This can be a good example of clearly
stating Null Hypothesis.
3. Rhon DI, Boyles RE, Cleland J, Brown DL.
A manual physical therapy approach versus
subacromial corticosteroid injection for treatment
of shoulder impingement syndrome: a protocol
for a randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2011; Jan
1:1(2).
Methods: “The calculations were based on
detecting a 12-point difference in the SPADI with
a standard deviation of 10 points, a two-tailed test
and an α level = 0.05. This generates a sample
size of 43 subjects per group. Allowing for a
conservative dropout of approximately 20%, we
will recruit 104 subjects into the study. This
sample size will yield greater than 80% power to
detect both statistically significant and clinically
meaningful changes in the other outcome
variables. Sample-size estimation was performed
with G*Power software, V 3.1.2.”
study This can be a good example of Sample size
calculation as authors have provided the
information required for sample size calculation
in terms of Zα, Zβ, minimal clinical important
difference(δ), standard deviation(σ) and level of
significance(α). Further efforts are made in
calculating sample size by taking ‘anticipated
drop out’ into consideration.
4. Barreca SR, Stratford PW, Lambert CL, et
al. Test-retest reliability, validity, and sensitivity
of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity
Inventory: a new measure of upper-limb function
for survivors of stroke. Arch Phys Med
Rehabil. 2005;86:1616–1622.
Results: “The ICC(2,1) was .98 (95% confidence
interval [CI], .96 –.99). The SE of measurement
was 2.8 CAHAI points (95% CI, 2.3–3.7)”
This can be a good example of
representation of Test retest reliability as
authors have reported ICC with 95% CI and
standard error.
5. Maly MR, Robbins SM, Stratford
PW, Birmingham TB, Callaghan JP. Cumulative
knee adductor load distinguishes between healthy
and osteoarthritic knees–A proof of principle
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 Scientific Research Journal of India ● Volume: 2, Issue: 3, Year: 2013

study. Gait Posture. 2012 Sep 17.pii: S0966- Results: “Post hoc analysis revealed that the
6362(12)00318-9. manipulative procedure produced a greater
increase of PPT in both elbows as compared to
Results: “The variances of CKAL were unequal
placebo or control interventions (P<.001), and no
for the two groups. The independent samples t-
significant changes were found after the placebo
test [t = 3.97, df = 51, p = 0.001] revealed that
or control conditions (P>.6).”
CKAL was nearly two times larger in the OA
group (80.80± 44.54 kNm s) compared to the
healthy control group (42.79± 28.10 kNm s).”

This can be a good example of Independent

sample-t test showing comparison of 2
independent samples using t value with degrees
of freedom and level of significance.

6. Wong OM, Cheung RT, Li RC. Isokinetic

knee function in healthy subjects with and
without Kinesio taping. Phys Ther Sport. 2012
Nov;13(4):255-8.

This can be a good example of presenting

Results: “There was no significant difference in
the conclusions of Post hoc analysis and use of
extension peak torque with and without KT and at
box plots.
different angular velocities (F(2,28) = 0.24, p =
0.79). Similarly, there was no significant
difference in flexion peak torque in different
8. Rana Jaber, David J. Hewson, Jacques
conditions (F(2,28) = 0.16, p = 0.86).”
Duchêne. Design and validation of the Grip-ball
for measurement of hand grip strength. Medical
This can be a good example of Repeated
Engineering & Physics. 2012;34(9):1356–61.
measures of ANOVA as authors have reported F
value with degrees of freedom and level of
Results: “A linear relationship between the two
significance.
readings can be observed (r = 0.997; 95%
confidence interval 0.995–0.998, p < 0.05). The
7. Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Pérez-de-Heredia
linear relationship between the pressure recorded
M, Brea-Rivero M, Miangolarra-Page JC.
by the Grip-ball sensor and the Vigorimeter
Immediate effects on pressure pain threshold
manometer was calculated as:
following a single cervical spine manipulation in
Grip-Ball Sensor = 0.999 x Vigorimeter
healthy subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.
Manometer + 0.533 (1). The coefficient of
2007;37:325-9.

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 ISSN: 2277-1700 ● Website: http://srji.drkrishna.co.in ● URL Forwarded to: http://sites.google.com/site/scientificrji

determination was calculated as R2 = 0.994 (p < than 5, we regrouped ultrasound findings into 2
0.05).” categories and applied Fisher exact P. There was
no statistically significant difference in ultrasound
findings between the 2 groups (Fisher exact, P =
.4209)”

This can be a good example of Categorical

analysis where expected frequencies are less than
5 in which case Fisher exact P gives the exact
probability of obtaining the results.

10. Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Work-

This can be a good example of Correlation
Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Physical
and Regression analysis where relationship has
Therapists: Prevalence, Severity, Risks, and
been reported clearly by r value within 95% CI
Responses. Phys Ther. 2000;80(4):336-51.
and .05 as the level of significance. In addition,
relationship has been presented mathematically
Results: “Male therapists had increased odds of
using regression model and percentage of
reporting neck symptoms (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3–
relationship has been expressed by R2.
2.9), wrist symptoms (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.3–3.2),
and thumb symptoms (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.5–3.4)
9. Djordjevic OC, Vukicevic D, Katunac L,
in the last year compared with their female
Jovic S. Mobilization with movement and
colleagues.”
kinesiotaping compared with a supervised
exercise program for painful shoulder: results of a
This can be a good example of Odd’s ratio
clinical trial. Journal of manipulative and
showing the association between gender and
physiological therapeutics. 2012 Jul;35(6):454–
prevalence of work related musculoskeletal
63.
disorders.
Results: “Because there were frequencies less

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:

* MPT, PhD Student, School of Rehabilitation sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON. Email:
dewann@mcmaster.ca

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