Knowledge Never be end

Tense: is the form of the verb which show when an

action happened.
‫زمان شکل از فعل است که نشان میدهد یک عمل چه وقت و یا چه‬
‫زمانی اتفاق افتاده است‬.

There are 28 tenses in English language which are

divided in to 2 parts
‫ به دودسته‬D‫ است که این زمانها‬D‫ زمان موجود‬28 ‫در زمان انگلیسی‬
‫تقسیم میشوند‬.

1: Active tense 1: ‫زمان معلوم‬

2: Passive tense 2: ‫زمان مجهول‬

1: Active tense: Is a tense in which the doer of the

action is the subject of the sentence.
1: ‫ زمان است که در آن انجام دهنده عمل مبتدأ جمله‬:‫زمان معلوم‬
‫باشد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬:
Ahmad breaks the mirror ‫احمد شیشه را شکستاند‬.

2: Passive tense: Is a tense in which the receiver of

the action is the subject of the sentence
2: ‫آن شکل از زمان است که درآن مفعول یا گیرنده‬:‫زمان مجهول‬
‫عمل مبتدأ جمله باشد‬
Example: ‫مثال‬:
The mirror is broken by Ahmad ‫شیشه توسط احمد‬
‫شکستانده شد‬.

Active tense: Is a tense in which the doer of the

action is the subject of the sentence.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
1: ‫ زمان است که در آن انجام دهنده عمل مبتدأ جمله‬:‫زمان معلوم‬
‫باشد‬.

Active tense is divided into four fundamental parts

those fundamentals are divided into 12 parts they are
in in of them
‫زمان معلوم به چهار دسته اساسی تقسیم شده که این چهار دسته‬
‫به دوازده بخش دیگر تقسیم شده‬

1: Simple Present Tense 1: ‫زمان حال ساده‬

2: Simple past Tense
‫ساده‬
‫ زمان گذشته‬:2
3: Simple Future tense 3: ‫زمان آینده ساده‬
4: Simple Future in the Past Tense 4: ‫زمان آینده در‬
‫گذشته ساده‬

1 Simple present tense ‫زمان حال ساده‬

2 Present continues tense ‫زمان حال جاری‬
3 Present perfect tense ‫زمان حال کامل‬
4 Present perfect progressive tense ‫زمان حال جاری کامل‬
5 Simple past tense ‫زمان گذشته ساده‬
6 Past continues tense ‫زمان گذشته جاری‬
7 Past perfect tense ‫زمان گذشته کامل‬
8 Past perfect progressive tense ‫زمان گذشته جاری کامل‬
9 Simple future tense ‫زمان آینده ساده‬
10 Future continues tense ‫زمان آینده جاری‬
11 Future perfect tense ‫زمان آینده کامل‬
12 Future perfect continues tense ‫زمان اینده جاری کامل‬
13 Simple future in the past tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته ساده‬
14 Future in the past continues tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته جاری‬
15 Future in the past perfect tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته کامل‬
16 Future in the past perfect continues ‫زمان آینده در گذشته جاری‬
tense ‫کامل‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end

Structure:
‫ساختمان‬
Affirmative form ‫شکل مثبت‬: Subject+ verb
1+Complement
Question form: ‫ شکل سوالیه‬Do/Does+subject+Verb
1+complement
Negative form: ‫شکل منفی‬
Subject+Do/Does+Not+Verb 1+Complement
Negative Interrogative Form: ‫شکل سوالیه منفی‬
Do/Does+Not+Subject+Verb 1+complement

Note:
Structure: Is a formula that shows how to make the
sentence of a tense
‫فورمول است که نشان میدهد چه نوع جمله یک زمان را‬: ‫ساختمان‬
‫تشکیل کرد‬
Usage: Is the way which shows how and where to
use a tense
‫یک راه است که نشان میدهد چه قسم و در کجا یک زمان را‬:‫رهبرد‬
‫استعال کنیم‬
Subject:
The word which is used at the beginning of the
sentence is called subject.
‫ کلمه که درآغاز یک جمله استفاده شود بنام فاعل یاد میشود‬:‫فاعل‬
Verb:
Verb is word which is used to show state or action
‫کلمه است که حالت و عمل را نشان میدهد‬:‫فعل‬
Complement:
A word or group of words which completes the
meaning of a sentence is called complement
‫ گروپ از کلمات که معنی یک جمله را کامل میسازد‬: ‫تکمیل کننده‬
‫بنام تکمیل کننده یاد میشود‬

Note:

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
It is mentionable that all verbs except of auxiliaries
take(S) or (ES) in the third singular person (HE,
SHE, It) of the simple present tense
‫قابل یاد آوری است که تمام افعال بجز افعال کمکی در شخص‬:‫نوت‬
‫البته این امر‬.‫سوم مفرد در زمان حال ساده( )یا( ) اختیار میکنند‬
‫صرف در حالت بیانی مطرح است نه در حالت سوالیه و منفی‬.

Short note:
Verbs ending in (S, SS, CH, SH, O, X, Z) take
(ES).Verbs ending in other letters take only (S).
‫)ختم‬ ( ‫افعال که به حروف‬:‫نوت کوتاه‬
‫میشوند ( )اختیار نموده و افعالی که به غیر از این حروف ختم شده‬
‫ حرف( )در اخیر فعل اختیار میکنند‬D‫اند صرف‬.
Usage 1:
Simple present tense is used to show habitual action.
Habitual action is an action which is done habitually,
like every day, every week, every morning … etc.
D‫زمان حال ساده برای نشاندادن عمل عادتی به کار میرود‬:‫رهبرد‬.
‫ هرهفته هر صبح‬D‫عمل عادتی عملی است که عادتوار مانند هر روز‬
‫وغیره انجام میشود‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
We come to class every day ‫ما هرروز به‬
‫صنف میرویم‬
Hashmat drinks milk every morning ‫حشمت‬
‫ شیر مینوشد‬D‫هرروز‬
Shoaib meets his friends every week ‫شعیب هر هفته‬
‫ مالقات میکند‬D‫دوستان خودرا‬

Note:
When simple present tense is used in this way. It is
usually followed by adverbs of frequency, such as,
always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, seldom …
etc.
‫ تکرار‬D‫زمنیکه زمان حال ساده در راه استعمال شود معموأل با قیود‬
‫چون همیشه اکثر معموأل بعضی اوقات ندرتا ً ندرت وغیره همراهی‬
‫میشود‬

Example: ‫مثال‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
Waheed usually meet his friend’s ‫وحید معموالً دوستان‬
‫ مالقات میکند‬D‫خودرا‬
Asmat rarely go to laghman ‫عصمت ندرتا ً به لغمان میرود‬
Haseeb is always at out of home ‫حسیب معموالً بیرون از‬
‫خانه است‬

Usage 2:
Simple present tense is used to show a general fact
‫زمان حال ساده برای بیان حقایق واضح روشن بکار میرود‬
Note:
General fact is a fact which is clear of all
‫حقایق واضح آنست که برای همه واضح و آشکار باشد‬
Short note:
General fact is two types: ‫حقایق واضح به دو نوع م یباشد‬
1: Changeable ‫تغیر پذیر‬
2: Unchangeable ‫تغیر نا پذیر‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
Shilla is a woman (Unchangeable) ‫شیلا یک دختر است‬
)‫(تغیر نا پذیر‬
God is one (Unchangeable) ‫ ج واحد است‬D‫خداوند‬
Jamsheed has lots of friends (changeable) ‫جمشید‬
‫دوستان زیاد دارد‬

Usage 3:
Simple present tense is also used to show a planned
future action.
‫زمان حال ساده همچنان برای عمل پالن شده در آینده استعمال‬
‫میگردد‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
He goes to school tomorrow D‫ به مکتب میرود‬D‫او هرروز‬
Usage 4:
Simple present tense can be used in news papers
headlines to show a past present or future action.
‫زمان حال ساده برای بیان در گئشته حال و یا آینده در عناوین روز‬
‫نامه ها استعمال گردد‬
A:
When it is followed by simple form of the verb
shows a past action

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
‫زمانی که با شکل ساده فعل استعمال گردد عمل گذشته را نشان‬
‫میدهد‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
The people elect the president ‫مردم ریس جمهور را‬
‫انتخاب کردند‬
B:
While being used with (ING) form of the shows a
present action
‫ بکار رفتن ( ) فعل عمل حال را نشان میدهد‬D‫در صورت‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
The people electing the president ‫مردم ریس جمهور را‬
‫انتخاب میکنند‬
C:
When it is used with (TO+VERB) Indicates a future
action.
‫) استعمال گردد عمل آینده را نشان میدهد‬ ( ‫زمانیکه با‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
The people to elect the president ‫مردم ریس جمهور را‬
‫انتخاب خواهد کردند‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF: S+Tobe (Am, Is, Are) +Ving+c
QF: Tobe+S+Ving+c
NF: S+Tobe+Not+V ing+c
NIF: Tobe+Not+S+Ving+c

1: Verbs ending in a single (E) drop (E) and add

(ing)
‫افعال که با حرف (ای )ساکن ختم شده اند (ای ) آخر حذف شده‬
‫جی)عالوه میگردد‬.‫ان‬.‫(آی‬
Make Making ‫ساختن‬
Memory:
Verbs’ ending in (EE) no change is possible
Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
D‫ای ) تغیر در آنها وارد نمیشود‬.‫افعالی که به ( ای‬.
2: verbs ending in (IE), change (Ie) into (Y) add(Ing)
‫ای) ختم شده قبل از اضافه نمودن‬.‫افعال که به حروف (آی‬
‫ای) به (وای) تبدیل میشود‬.‫جی) (آی‬.‫ان‬. ‫(آی‬
Tie tying ‫بستن‬
3: one syllable verbs ending in a consonant following
a vowel double the last consonant before adding
(ing)
‫افعال هجائ که به حرف بیصدا ختم شده اند و قبل از حرف بیصدا‬
D‫ چند میشود‬2‫یک حرف صددار باشد حرف بیصدا آخر‬
Swim swimming‫آببازی کردن‬
Note:
Verbs ending in (C), an extra (K) is added before
adding (ing)
)‫جی‬.‫ان‬.‫افعال که به حرف(سی) ختم شده قبل از اضافه نمودن (آی‬
‫(که) بعد از ( سی) عالوه میگردد‬.
‫البته این امر در جهت حفظ تلفظ (سی ) به شکل (ک ) است‬
Picnic picnicking ‫میله‬

Usage 1:
Present continues tense shows the duration of an
action which is in progress at the moment of
speaking
‫زمان حال جاری جریان عمل را نشان میدهد که در لحظه صحبت و‬
‫یا گفتار در جریان و یا درحال انجام باشد‬.
Memory:
When present continues tense is used in this way, it
is usually followed by adverbs of time, such as,
(Now, Right now, at the moment, at present)…etc.
‫ با‬Dً‫هنگامیکه زمان حال جاری درین طریقه استعمال شود معموال‬
‫قیود زمان چون حاال همین حاال در حال حاضر و غیره همراهی‬
‫میشود‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
Shafiq is speaking now ‫شفیق حاال صحبت میکند‬
Zabi is going to course right now. ‫ذبیع همین حاال به‬
‫کورس میرود‬
Tabasom and jamsheed are playing at home at
present ‫تبسم و جمشید در خانه مشغول باری اند‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
Usage 2:
The present continues tense can be also used to show
an action which will take place in the future.
‫زمان حال جاری همچنان میتواند برای بیان عملی استعمال گردد که‬
‫در زمان اتفاق خواهد افتاد‬.
Example:
Abdul ahad is going to laghman tomorrow‫عبدالحد صبح‬
‫به لغمان میرود‬
Wahid is leaving Kabul tomorrow ‫واحد صبح کابل را‬
‫ترک خواهد‬

Usage 3:
Present continues tense can also show the duration of
an action which is apparently going on, but not
necessarily at the moment of speaking.
‫زمان حال جاری همچنان می تواند جریان عملی را نشان دهد که‬
‫ صحبت‬D‫ظاهراً در حال انجام است اما نه در موقع‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
Zahid is playing at their house ‫زاهد در خانه شان مشغول‬
‫بازی است‬
Shabbier is studying at the kindergarten ‫شبیر در‬
‫کودکستان مشغول درس خواندن است‬

Note:
The present continues tense is not used with out of
control verbs.
These verbs are used in the simple present tense,
followed by adverbs of present continues tense.
D‫زمان حال جاری را نمیتوان با افعال غیر ارادی بکاربرد‬.
‫این افعال در زمان حال ساده استعمال شده و با قید زمان حال جاری‬
‫همراهی میشود‬.
Some of the out of control verbs are as follow:
Believe ‫ باور داشتن‬see ‫ دیدن‬hear ‫شنیدن‬
understand ‫ فهمیدن‬Know ‫… شناختن‬etc
Example: ‫مثال‬
I see my father at home now. ‫من پدرم را حاال در خانه دیدم‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end

Structure ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+have/has+verb 3+c
QF Have/Has+s+v3+c
NF S+have/has+not+v3+c
NIF Have/Has+not+s+verb3+c

Usage 1:
Present perfect tense is used to show an action which
started and finished at some unspecified or inexact
time in the past.
‫زمان حال کامل برای بیان کاری استعمال میشود که در وقت نا‬
‫معینی در زمان گذشته آغاز و انجام شده باشد‬.
Note:
When the present perfect tense is used in this way, it
is usually followed by the adverbs of time such as
already, before, recently, several times,, yet … etc
D‫هنگامیکه زمان حال کامل درین طریقه استعمال گردد معموالً با قیود‬
‫) همراهی میشود‬...‫زمان چون(قبالً اخیراً چندین بار تاهنوز وغیره‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
Khalid has already finished the chores. ‫خالد قبالً امور‬
‫منزل را تمام کرد‬

Usage 2:
The present perfect tense is used with (since) and
(for) to show an action started in the past and
continued up to present.

Since: shows the length of time

For: shows the duration of an action
Example: ‫مثال‬
We have lived in Kabul since 2002 ‫ما در کابل از سال‬
‫ زنده گی نموده ایم‬2002
We have lived in Kabul for 7 years. ‫ سال در‬7‫ما مدت‬
‫کابل زنده گی میکنیم‬
Usage 3:
The present perfect tense can show an action which
has been completed in the past, but the marks are still
seen in the present time.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
‫زمان حال کامل میتواند عملی را نشان دهد در گذشته تکمیل شده‬
‫ولی اثرات کار تا اکنون در زمان حال باقی است‬
Example:
Shahed has painted the wall ‫شاهد دیوار را رنگ کرده است‬

Usage 4:
Present perfect tense is used with (just) to show an
immediate past.
‫زمان حال کامل با قید (جست) بکار رفته و عملی را در زمان‬
‫گذشته قریب نشان دهد‬.
Example:
Shakib has just started the class. ‫آنها همین حاال صنف را‬
‫آغاز کردند‬

Structure: ‫ساخبمان‬
AF S+have/has+been+ving+c
QF Have/Has+s+been+ving+c
NF S+have/has+not+been+ving+c
NIF Have/Has+not+s+been+ving+c

Usage 1:
Present perfect continues tense is used to show the
duration of an action which started in the past,
continued up t now and is still continuing.
‫زمان حال کامل جاری برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که در‬
‫ نیز ادامه‬D‫زمان گذشته آغاز تا اکنون ادامه یافته و در حال حاضر‬
‫دارد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
Waheed has washing the clothes for 2:00 o’clock
‫ موتر است‬D‫وحید مدت دو ساعت مشغول شستشوی‬
Note:
Present perfect continues tense is usually followed
by since and for.
‫زمان حال کامل جاری معموالً با (سنس)و(فار)همراه است‬.
Usage 2:

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
The present perfect continues tense emphasizes on
the duration of an action which has been continually
going on.
‫زمان حال کامل جاری تاًکید روی عملی را نشان میدهد که بدون‬
‫وقفه ادامه داشته است‬.
Example:
Shakib has writing letters all day long. ‫شکیب تمام روز‬
‫ نموده است‬D‫را در نوشتن نامها سپری‬.

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+verb2+c
QF Did+s+verb 2+c
NF S+did+not+Verb 2+c
NIF did+not+s+verb 2+c
Usage 1:
Simple past tense is used to show an action which
took place at some specified time in the past.
‫زمان گذشته ساده برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که وقت معینی‬
‫در زمان گذشته اتفاق افتاده است‬.
Note:
When simple past tense is used in this way, it is
usually followed by adverbs of time, such as:
yesterday, last week, last year… etc.
‫هنگامیکه زمان گذشته ساده درین طریقه استعمال شود معموالً با‬
‫ روز گذشته هفته‬:‫قیود زمان چون‬
‫ وغیره همراهی‬...‫گذشته سال گذشته‬
‫میشود‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
I saw Asmat yesterday. ‫ دیدم‬D‫من عصمت را دیروز‬
Usage 2:
Simple past tense is used to ask about a past action.
‫زمان گذشته ساده برای پرسش نمودن سوالی در مورد عمل گذشته‬
‫استعمال میگردد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
Where is waheed? ‫وحید کجا است؟‬
Usage 3:
Simple past tense is used with (always) to show a
past habit.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
‫زمان گذشته برای بیان عادتی در زمان گذشته با قید (همیشه) بکار‬
‫رود‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
Waheed always talked about Asmat ullah. ‫وحید همیشه‬
‫در بارهً عصمت صحبت میکند‬.

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+tobe (was/were) +v2+c
QF Tobe+s+v2+c
NF S+tobe+not+v2+c
NIF Tobe+not+s+v2+c

Usage 1:
Shows the duration of an action which was going on
at some specified time in the past.
‫جریان عملی را نشان میدهد که در زمان معینی در گذشته ادامه‬
‫داشت‬.
Example:
Baheer was studying his lessons yesterday. ‫بهیر مشغول‬
‫ دیروز بود‬D‫مطاله نمودن درسهایش‬
Usage 2:
Can be also used with always to show a past habit.
‫زمان گذشته جاری همچنان برای نشان دادن عادتی در زمان گذشته‬
‫میتواند با قید (همیشه) استعمال میگردد‬.
Example:
She was always fighting with people. ‫او همیشه با مردم‬
‫جنگ داشت‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+had+verb 3+c
QF Had+S+verb 3+c
NF S+had+not+verb 3+c
NIF had+not+s+verb 3+c
Usage 1:
Shows an action which was completed before some
specified time in the past.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
‫عملی را بیان میکند که قبل از کار دیگر در زمان گذشته انجام یافته‬
‫باشد‬.
Note:
A (before clause) is usually used with past perfect
tense to specify the past action.
‫برای معین ساختن عمل گذشته قضیه که با (بیفور) همراه است با‬
‫زمان گذشته کامل بکار می رود‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
She had cooked the dinner before we arrived home.
‫قبل از اینکه به منزل برسیم او عذا شب را پخت کرده بود‬.

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+had+been+verb ing+c
QF Had+s+been+v ing+c
NF S+had+not+been+ving+c
NIF had+not+s+been+ving+c

Usage:
Is used to show duration is an action which was in
progress before an other action in the past.
‫ در زمان‬D‫داللت بر جریان عملی میکند که قبل از عمل دیگری‬
‫گذشته در دست باشد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
We had been in Pakistan before coming to Kabul.‫ما‬
D‫قبل از آمدن به کابل در پاکستان زنده گی میکردیم‬.

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+will/shall+verb 1+c
QF Will/shall+s+v+c
NF S+will/shall+not+v+c
NIF Will/shall+not+s+v+c
2nd structure: ‫ساختمان دوم‬
AF S+tobe+going to+verb+c
QF Tobe+going to+s+verb+c
NF S+tobe+not+going to+v+c
NIF Tobe+not+going to+s+v+c
Usage 1:
Is used to show an action, which will take place at
some specified time in the future.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
‫عملی را نشان می دهد که در زمان معینی در آینده صورت گرفته‬
‫تاشد‬.
Note:
When it is used in this way, it is usually followed by
adverbs of time Such as tomorrow, next week, next
year…e.t.c.
‫ زمان چون فردا‬D‫هنگامیکه درین طریقه استعمال گردد معموالً تا قیود‬
‫ همراهی میشود‬... ‫هفته آینده سال آینده وغیره‬
Example:
I will go to laghman next week. ‫من هفته آینده به لغمان‬
‫خواهم رفت‬.
I am going to talk to him. ‫من همرای او صحبت خواهم‬
‫پ‬.‫کرد‬
Short note:
2nd structure show stronger future than 1st structure
‫ساختمان دوم آینده قوی را نسبت به ساختمان اولی نشان میدهد‬.
Usage 2:
Is used with conditional sentences. ‫در جمالت شرطیه‬
‫نیز استعمال میشود‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
I will speak to him if I have time D‫اگر من وقت داشتم‬
‫همرای او صحبت خواهم کرد‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+will/shall+be+ving+c
QF Will/shall+s+be+ving+c
NF S+will/shall+not+be+ving+c
NIF Will/shall+not+s+be+ving+c
2nd structure
AF s+tobe+going to+be+ving+c
QF Tobe+s+going to+be+ving+c
NF S+tobe+notgoing to+be+ving+c
NIF Tobe+not+s+going to+be+ving+c
Usage 1:
Is used to show the duration of an action which will
be in progress at some specified time in the future.
‫ که در وقت معینی در زمان‬D‫برای جریان عملی استعمال میگردد‬
‫آینده در حال انجام تاشد‬.

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
Example: ‫مثال‬
We will talk about decision tomorrow. ‫ما درباره تصمیم‬
‫فردا صحبت خواهم کرد‬
Usage 2:
It can be also used in the conditional sentences.
‫ در جمالت شرطیه استعمال گردد‬D‫این زمان همچنان میتواند‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
I will be picnicking tomorrow if I have time ‫اگر وقت‬
‫داشتم فردا به میله خواهم رفت‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+will/shall+have+v 3+c
QF will/shall+s+have+v 3+c
NF S+will/shall+not+have+v 3+c
NIF Will/shall+not+s+have+v 3+c

Usages:
1: Is used to show an action which will have been
completed before some specified time or before
another action in the future.
‫ که قبل از وقت معینی و قبل از عمل‬D‫برای بیان عمل استعمال میشود‬
‫دیگری در آینده تکمیل شده خواهد بود‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
I will kill him when out from here. ‫زمانیکه شما ازین جا‬
‫خارج شدید من اورا خواهم کشت‬
Usage 2:
Is used to show an action that will be completed at
some unspecified time in the future.
‫ در آینده‬D‫ که در زمان نامعینی‬D‫برای بیان عمل استعمال میگردد‬
‫تکمیل شده خواهد بود‬.
Example:
He will have played football by 2:00 o’clock. ‫او تا‬
‫ بازی میکردند‬D‫ساعت دو فوتبال‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
AF S+will/shall+have+been+ving+c
QF Will/shall+s+have+been+ving+c
NF S+will/shall+not+have+been+ving+c
NIF Will/shall+not+s+have+been+ving+c
Usage:
It is used to show the duration of an action which
will be continuing before some specified time or
before an other action in the future.
‫ که قبل از زمان معینی یا‬D‫برای بیان جریان عملی استعمال میگردد‬
‫ در زمان آینده در حال انجام خواهد بود‬D‫عمل دیگری‬.
Example:
He will have been playing football by 2:00 o’clock.‫او‬
‫تا ساعت دو مشغول بازی فوتبال خواهد بود‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+would/should+v+c
QF would/should+s+v+c
NF S+would/should+not+v+c
NIF would/should+not+s+v+c
Usage:
It is used to show an action which would take place
at some specified time in the future of the past but
the action did not take place.
‫این زمان برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که در وقت معینی در‬
‫آینده گذشته انجام خواهد میشد اماعمل اتفاق نیفتاده است‬.
Note:
Futures in the past tenses are usually followed by the
improbably conditional sentences.
‫زمانهای آینده در گذشته معموالً با جمالت شرطیه ناممکن همراه اند‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
I would do as you said if I had time. ‫اگر وقت میداشتم‬
‫چنانکه گفته بودی انجام میدادم‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+would/should+be+v ing+c
QF would/should+s+be+v ing+c
NF S+would/should+not+be+v ing+c
NIF Would/should+not+s+be+v ing+c
Usage:
Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
It is used to show the duration of an action which
would be in progress at some specified time in the
future of the past but the action did not happen.
‫این زمان برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که در وقت معینی در‬
‫زمان آینده گذشته در جریان خواهد میبود اما عمل بطور کل اتفاق‬
‫نیافتاد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬
He would be studying in level five if he succeeded in
the exam.‫اگر در امتحان کامیاب میشد صنف پنجم مشغول‬
‫آموزش خواهد میبود‬.

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+would/should+have+v3+c
QF would/should+s+have+v3+c
NF S+would/should+not+have+v3+c
NIF would/should+not+s+have+v3+c
Usage:
It is used to show an action which would have been
completed at some specified time in the future of the
past, but the action did not take place.
‫این زمان برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که درزمان نامعینی در‬
‫ عمل اتفاق نیافتاد‬D‫ولی‬.‫گذشته کامل خواهد میبود‬
Example: ‫مثال‬
Waheed would have told him the fact if he had time.
‫اگر وحید وقت میداشت او راست را خواهد میگفت‬

Structure: ‫ساختمان‬
AF S+would/should+have+been+ving+c
QF would/should+s+have+been+ving+c
NF S+would/should+not+have+been+ving+c
NIF would/should+not+s+have+been+ving+c
Usage:
It is used to show the duration of an action which
would have been continuing at some unspecified
time in the future of the past but the action did not
take place.
‫این زمان برای بیان عملی استعمال میگردد که در وقت نا معینی در‬
‫آینده گذشته در حال انجام خواهد میبود اما عمل کالً اتفاق نیفتاد‬.
Example: ‫مثال‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
He would have been writing the letter if he had time
D‫او مشغول نوشتن نامه در صورت که وقت میداشت میبود‬.

Passive tense is tense in which the receiver of the

action is the subject of the sentence.
‫زمان مجهول زمان است که در آن مفعول جمله مبتدأ جمله باشد‬.
Note:
The intransitive verbs can’t change to passive
because they don’t have any object.
‫افعال الزمی بخاطر نداشتن مفعول به شکل مجهول تبدیل نمیشود‬.
The passive tense is divided into 12 parts ‫فعل مجهول به‬
‫ بخش تقسیم شده‬12
1-Simple present tense ‫زمان حال ساده‬
2-present continues tense ‫زمان حال جاری‬
3-present perfect tense ‫زمان حال کامل‬
4-Simple past tense ‫زمان گذشته ساده‬
5-past continues tense ‫زمان گذشته جاری‬
6-past perfect tense ‫زمان گذشته کامل‬
7-Simple future tense ‫زمان آینده ساده‬
8-future continues tense ‫زمان آینده جاری‬
9-future perfect tense ‫زمان آینده کامل‬
10-Simple future in the past tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته ساده‬
11-future in the past continues tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته جاری‬
12-future in the past perfect tense ‫زمان آینده در گذشته کامل‬
Note:
4 of active tenses can’t change to passive.4 ‫زمان معلوم‬
‫به مجهول تبدیل نمیشود‬
They are consist in: ‫آنها عبارت اند از‬
1- present perfect continues tense ‫زمان حال کامل جاری‬
2-past perfect continues tense ‫زمان گذشته کامل جاری‬
3-future perfect continues tense ‫زمان آینده کامل جاری‬
4-future in the pat perfect continues ‫زمان آینده در گذشته کامل جاری‬
tense
Note:
Why? ‫چرا؟‬
Because they have an extra been at their structure:
‫بخاطر که آنها یک (بین) اضافه در ساختمان شان دارند‬

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
The following points must be observed in the passive
sentence:
‫نکات ذیل باید در جمالت مجهول رعایت گردد‬:
1- Study the active sentence and determine it’s
tense.
‫جمالت معلوم را مطالعه نموده و زمان آنرا تعین نمائید‬.
2- Change the place of object to subject.
‫جای مفول را به فاعل عوض نمائید‬.
3- Use tobe verbs according to the tense of active
sentence.
‫متناسب با زمان جمله معلوم از فعل (توبی)استفاده نموده وو یا‬
‫یک فعل (توبی) استعمال نمائید‬.
4- Use the third form of the verb after tobe.
‫ فعل را استفاده نمائید‬D‫بعد از (توبی) شکل سوم‬.
5- The subject pronouns changed to object.
D‫ضمایر فاعلی به مفعولی تبدیل میشوند‬.
6- In the continues tenses an extra (being) is
added after the (tobe) verbs.
)‫در زمان های جاری بعد از فعل(توبی) لفظ اضافه (بی انگ‬
D‫عالوه میگردد‬
7- It is possible to mention the doer of an action
at the end of the sentences after preposition
(by).
‫ممکن است فاعل عمل را بعد از حرف اضافه (بای) در اخیر‬
‫جمله متذکر شویم‬.

No Active
1 I do the home work
2 I am doing the home work
3 I have done the home work
4 I have been doing the home
work
5 I did the home work
6 I was doing the home work
7 I had done the home work
8 I had been doing the home
work
9 I will do the home work
Passive
The home work is done by me
The home work is being done by me
The home work has been done by me
No change
The home work was done by me
The home work was being done by
me
The home work had been done by me
No change
The home work will be done by me

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
10 I will be doing the home work The home work will be being done by
me
11 I will have done the home work The home work will have been done
by me
12 I will have been doing the No change
home work
13 I would do the home work The home work would be done by me
14 I would be doing the home The home work would be being done
work by me
15 I would have done the home The home work would have been
work done by me
16 I would have been doing the No change
home work

Simple present tense:

Object+tobe (Is, am are) +v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in simple present tense
we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+tobe+v3+direct object+ (by
phrase)
B: direct object+tobe+v3+indirect object+ (by
phrase)
Present continues tense:
Object+tobe+being +v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in present continues
tense we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+tobe+being+v3+direct object+
(by phrase)
B: direct
object+tobe+being+v3+preposition+indirect
object+ (by phrase)
Present perfect tense:
Object+have/has+been +v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in present perfect tense
we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+have/has+been+v3+direct
object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+have/has+been+v3+indirect
object+ (by phrase)
Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
Simple past tense:
Object+ was/were +v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in simple past tense we
use those structures.
A: Indirect object was/were +v3+direct object+
(by phrase)
B: direct object+was/were+v3+indirect object+
(by phrase)
Past continues tense
Object+was/were+being+v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in past continues tense
we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+was/were+being+v3+direct
object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+was/were+being+v3+indirect
object+ (by phrase)
Past perfect tense:
Object+had+been+v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in past perfect tense we
use those structures.
A: Indirect object+had+been+v3+direct object+
(by phrase)
B: direct object+had+been+v3+indirect object+
(by phrase)

Simple future tense:

Object+will/shall+be +v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in simple future tense we
use those structures.
2: Indirect object+tobe+going to +v3+ (by phrase)
When two structures are in simple present tense
we use those structures.
A: indirect object+shall/will+be+v3+indirect
object+ (by phrase)
B: direct
object+shall/will+be+v3+preposition+indirect
object+ (by phrase)
2) A: indirect object+tobe+going
to+be+v3+direct object (by phrase)

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
B: direct object+tobe+going
to+be+v3+preposition+indirect object (by phrase)
Future continues tense
Object+will/shall+be+being (by/with phrase)
2: Indirect object+tobe+going to +be+being+v3
(by phrase)
When two structures are in future continues tense
we use those structures.
A: indirect object+shall/will+be+beingdirect
object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+shall/will+be
being+preposition+indirect object+ (by phrase)
2) A: indirect object+tobe+going
to+be+being+v3+direct object (by phrase
B: direct object+tobe+going
to+be+being+v3+preposition+indirect object (by
phrase
Future perfect tense
Object+will/shall+have+been +v3+ (by phrase
When two structures are in future perfect tense
we use those structures.
A: indirect object shall/will+
have+been+v3+direct object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+ shall/will
have+been+v3+preposition+indirect object+ (by
phrase)
2) A: indirect object+tobe+going
to+have+beeb+v3+direct object (by phrase)
B: direct object+tobe+going
to+be+v3+preposition+indirect object (by phrase)
Simple future in the past tense
Object+ would should+be+ v3+ (by/with phrase)
When two structures are in simple future in the
past tense we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+would/should+be+v3+direct
object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+would/should
+v3+Preposition+indirect object+ (by phrase)
Future in the past continues tense

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
Object+would/should+be+being +v3+ (by/with
phrase)
When two structures are in future in the past
continues tense we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+would/should+be+being
+v3+direct object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+
would/should+be+being+preposiyion
+v3+indirect object+ (by phrase)
Future in the past perfect tense
Object+would/should+have+been +v3+ (by/with
phrase)
When two structures are in future in the past
perfect tense we use those structures.
A: Indirect object+ would/should+have+been
+v3+direct object+ (by phrase)
B: direct object+ would/should+have+been
+v3+preposition+indirect object+ (by phrase)

Imperative sentences:
AF: Let+object+be+v3 (by phrase
NF: let not+object+be+v3+c
When two structures are in future in the past perfect
tense we use those structures.
AF: Let + indirect object+be+v3+direct object+ (by
phrase)
Let + indirect object+be+v3+preposition+direct
object+ (by phrase)
NF: Let +not+ indirect object+be+v3+direct object+
(by phrase)
Let +not+ indirect object+be+v3+preposition+direct
object+ (by phrase)
Interrogative sentences:
To be+object+v3+ (by phrase) +?
Note:

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
To do verbs change to tobe verbs and did change to
was/were
When two structures are in future in to be verbs we
use those structures.
A. Tobe verbs + indirect object +v3+direct object
(by phrase) +?
B. Tobe verbs + indirect object
+v3+preposition+direct object (by phrase) +?
The sentences which start with to have verbs
Hav/Has/Had+object+been+v3+ (by phrase) +?
When two structures are used in to have verbs we
use those structures.
A. Have/Has/Had+indirect
object+been+v3+direct object (by phrase) +?
B. Have/Has/Had+direct
object+been+v3+preposition+indirect object
(by phrase) +?
The sentences which start with to be verbs
To be+object+being+v3+ (by phrase) +c
When two structures are used in to be verbs we use
those structures.
A. To be+indirect object+being+v 3+direct object
(by phrase) +?
B. To be+indirect object+being+v
3+preposition+indirect object (by phrase) +?
When they are used with modal auxiliary verbs we
use that structure
Modal aux +object+be+v3+ (by phrase) +?
C. Modal aux +indirect object+be+v3+direct
object+ (by phrase) +?
D. Modal aux +direct
object+be+v3+preposition+in direct object+
(by phrase) +?
Sentences which is used with WH questions
Who+ do/does/did
A: By whom +to be +object +v3?
B: who + have/has/had
By whom + have/has/had+object+been+v3?
C: who+tobe

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end
By whom + to be+object+being+v3?
D: who+modal auxiliaries
By whom+ modal aux +object +be +v3 +?
Sentences which start by whom:
A: whom +do +v3 (by phrase)?
Who + tobe + v3 (by phrase)?
B: whom + tobe
Who + to+being+v3+ (by phrase)?
C: whom + modal aux
Who + modal aux be+ v3 (by phrase)?
D: whom + have/has/had
Who+have/has/had+been+v3 (by phrase)?
The sentences which begin with other WH
questions:
A: WH+do/does/does
WH + tobe+ +object+ + v3
B: WH+tobe
WH + tobe + object+being+v3 (by phrase)
C: WH + to have
Wh+ have/has/had+ object +been+ v3 (by
phrase)?
WH + modals
WH + modal aux + object + be+ v3 + (by
phrase)?

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry
 Knowledge Never be end

Prepaired By: waheed ullah, Asmat ullah and wajid ullah hedayat nasiry