20 October, 2021

jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf
tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

u&ifeD jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf¸ (KPDF) t¸0ifrsm;udk 2021 ckESpf Zlvdkifu ¤if;wdkY\ avhusifha&;pcef;teD; awGU&pOf/
Photo-STR/AFP

n rdwfquf
NCA ajcmufESpfjynhf jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOftwGuf txl;u@ (Special Feactures) tjzpf
taMumif;t&mig;ckudk tydkif;vdkufcGJí ISP-Myanmar u azmfjyaejcif;jzpfygonf/ yxrqkH;
taejzihf ]jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&; jzefwefajcrsm;tm; jzeYfxGufpOf;pm;jcif;} (Scenario Thinking) udk
atmufwdkbm 17 &ufwGif azmfjycJhNyD;? ,ck ]jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf - tcif;tusif;opfESihf
topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;} taMumif; ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmokH;oyfcsuf (Analysis) udk qufvuf
azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ aemuf&ufrsm;wGif ]ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfESihf ,ckazmfjyaom
ywfoufí jyefvSefqef;ppfaom ar;cGef; 7 ck} (Key Questions) udk Nidrf;csrf;a&;BudK;yrf;rIjzpfpOfwGif ydkif;jcm;pdwfjzmokH;oyfcsufudk
yg0ifcJholrsm;? okawoDrsm;ESihf avhvmokH;oyfolrsm;tm; ISP-Myanmar u ar;jref;xm;NyD;? ¤if; OD;atmifolNidrf;u a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;
wdkY\ ajzqdkrIrsm;udk azmfjyoGm;&ef&Sdygonf/ xdkYaemuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOftwGuf odxm;oihfaom ¤if;onf ISP-Myanmar \
a'wmtcsuftvufrsm;tm; pkpnf;azmfjyrnhf Visual Story ESihf odoihforQ taMumif;csif;&m jyifyqufqHqufoG,fa&;
(‌Backgrounder) wdkYudkvnf; xyfrHazmfjyoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ 'g½dkufwmjzpfygonf/
 ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES

n tusOf;csKyf

l jrefrmEdkifiH&JU jynfwGif;ppfu ESpfaygif; 70 ausmf MumygNyD/ aemufqkH;

tBudrf Nidrf;csrf;a&;BudK;yrf;rIqdk&ifyJ 2011 ckESpfuae pwifa&wGuf&if
10 ESpf &SdcJhygNyD/ 'DtajctaerSm 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &uf
ppftmPmodrf;rI aemufydkif; ppftmPm&SifqeYfusifa&; vlxkqE´jyyGJ?
oydwfawG tMurf;zufacsrIef;cH&NyD;wJhaemuf jrefrmEdkifiH&JU y#dyu©u
tqihfopfwckudk wdk;jrihfoGm;w,fvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ a&G;aumufcH
w&m;0ifrItay:tajccH¸pnf;cJhwJh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;tpdk;& (NUG)
ay:xGufvmovdk? jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf (PDF) awGvnf; OD;aqmif
rIykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJY ay:aygufvmNyD; wuf<uol vli,ftrsm;pku vuf
eufudkif awmfvSefa&;vrf;aMumif;udk a&G;cs,fcJhMuygw,f/ 'g[m
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU y#dyu©jzpfpOfeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrSm topfaom
tiftm;pkrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfEdkifovdk vufeufudkif wdkufyGJBuD;^i,f
awGvnf; jyefíjzpfay:aeygw,f/
l ppfaumifpDu 2021 ckESpf pufwifbm 27 &ufrSm ppfa&;qdkif&m vIyf
&Sm;rIawGudk ig;vMum (2022 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 12 &uf? jynfaxmifpk
aeUtxd) &yfqdkif;aMumif; aMunmcJhygw,f/ tck aMunmrI[m 2018
ckESpf 'DZifbmupNyD; a&wGuf&if tBudrf 20 ajrmuf typf&yf ouf
wrf;wdk;aMunmjcif;jzpfygw,f/ aMunmcsufrSmawmh udkApf¼19 uÇmh
ul;pufuyfab;udk axmufxm;aomtm;jzihf typf&yfMu&ef ukv
or*¾ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&JU awmif;qdkrIudk wkHYjyefw,fvdkY
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ av;vMumtypf&yfpJMuzdkY ESpfzufaom tiftm;pk
awGudk tmqD,H txl;udk,fpm;vS,fu awmif;qdkxm;wmudk wkHYjyefykH
vnf; &ygw,f/
l typf&yf aMunmcsuftopfu wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkif tiftm;pk
(EAO) awGudk OD;wnfypfrSwfxm;ykH&NyD;? ppfaumifpDu tMurf;zuf
t¸tjzpf aMunmxm;wJh NUG eJY PDF tiftm;pktopfrsm; yg0ifykH
r&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh tckwBudrf typf&yf aMunmcsuf[mvnf; y#dyu©
awG ajyNidrf;a&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;a&; (Dialogue) qD ra&muf
Edkifbl;vdkY okH;oyfEdkifygw,f/
l wEdkifiHvkH; ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrI&yfpJa&; oabmwlpmcsKyf (NCA) u
t&iftajctaeta[mif;jzpfNyD;? vufrSwfxdk;xm;wJh EAO awGudk

2
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

INFOGUIDE
ylwmtdk

wEdkif;
vufeufudkify#dyu©ajrykH
zm;uefY er®wD;

[kr®vif;
rdk;aumif;
rdk;n§if; rdk;armuf
2021 ckESpf Zlvdkif 1 rS atmufwdkbm 15 &uf
yifv,fbl; a&Tul rkH;udk; twGif; jrefrmEdkifiHtESHY jzpfyGm;cJhaom wdkufyGJ
yefqdkif;
wD;wdef rif;uif; aumvif; erfhcrf; rlq,f
uGwfcdkif rsm;\ wnfae&mjy ajrykHjzpfygonf/ wdkufyGJ
uav;0 wefYqnf rdk;ukwf odEéD
xefwvef
uav; 'DyJ,if;
a&OD;
oDayg
vm;½Id; wefY,ef; trsKd;tpm;tm;jzihf okH;rsKd; cGJjcm;xm;NyD;
[m;cg; ueD a&T b k d
bkwvif
ykvJ ,if;rmyif
ausmufrJ
aus;oD;
tmPmodrf;ppfaumifpDESihf wdkif;&if;om;
rwlyD rif;wyf
ayguf
NrdKif ajrmif rdkif;udkif
vufeufudkifrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom wdkuf
uefyufvuf vJcsm;
jrif;jcH
yGJrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftcsif;csif;
ysOf;rem; z,fckH
vdGKifvifav; jzpfyGm;aom wdkufyGJrsm;? tmPmodrf; ppf
yifavmif;
oHawmifBuD;
vdGKifaumf
abmfvcJ
aumifpDESihf a'ocH jynfoªumuG,fa&;
awmifil z½l q k d 'Darmqdk;
wyf¸rsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;aom wdkufyGJrsm;
ausmufBuD;

anmifav;yif
zmyGef [lí jzpfonf/ ,ckjyoxm;onhf wnf
bm;tH
ae&mrsm;onf wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;cJh&m NrdKUe,frsm;
c&rf;
oxkH
jr0wD \ wnfae&mudkom azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfyg
aumhu&dwf

Mumtif;qdyfBuD;
onf/ NrdKUe,fwckwGif tenf;qkH; wdkufyGJ
a&;
wBudrfpDjzpfcJhNyD; wBudrfrujzpfcJhaomNrdKUe,f
tmPmodrf;ppfaumifpDESihf wdkif;&if;om;
vufeufudkifrsm;tMum; jzpfyGm;rI rsm;vnf; yg&Sdygonf/
a&jzL
wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifrsm; xm;0,f
tcsif;csif; jzpfyGm;rI &nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm
o&ufacsmif;

tmPmodrf;ppfaumifpDESihf
rD'D,mrsm;ESifh vGwfvyfaom
a'ocH jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf¸rsm; t¸tpnf;rsm;\ azmfjycsufrsm;udk
tMum; jzpfyGm;rI tajcjyKí ISP-Myanmar u
rSwfwrf;jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

awmif EdkifiHa&;t& pnf;½kH;qGJaqmifEdkifpGrf; enf;yg;ygw,f/ NCA

jyifyrSm&SdwJh wdkif;&if;om;t¸awG? topfaom vufeufudkif tefwkol
tiftm;pkawGtwGufvnf; vTrf;NcHKEdkifrIr&Sdygbl;/
l ppfaumifpDtaeeJY t&if tiftm;pka[mif;awG (Old Players) eJY
tcif;tusif;ta[mif;udk vufcHn§dEIdif;Edkifw,fvdkY ,lq&ayrJh tif
tm;pkopfrsm;eJY topfaom tajctaetwGufawmh r[mAsL[m
pOf;pm;xm;ykH r&ygbl;/
l jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfrSm jynfwGif;tiftm;pkrsm;&JU oabmxm;eJY
aqmif&GufcsufawGomru tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;&JU yx0DEdkifiHa&; tusKd;
pD;yGm;rsm;[mvnf; xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&wJhtcsuf jzpfygw,f/ txl;
ojzihf tckumvvdk tiftm;pktopfawG ay:xGef;aewJhumv? wdkif;
jynfwckvkH;eJYcsDwJh EdkifiHa&; OD;wnf&mvrf;aMumif; ykHray:vGifao;wJh
umvrSm ]tnD§&Sd? ,iftkH}qdkovdk yx0DEdkifiHa&; ya,m*awGu ydk
jyif;xefwwfygw,f/

3

2021 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 17 &ufwGif
ISP-Myanmar u azmfjycJhaom
]NCA ajcmufESpfjynfhESifh
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&; jzpfwefajcrsm;tm;
jzeYfxGufpOf;pm;jcif;} (Scenario
Thinking) udk atmufyg link wGif
zwf&IEdkifygonf/
https://www.ispmyanmar.com/
burmese/2021/10/17/sn1/
4
ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES
n ed'gef;
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU jynfwGif;ppfu ESpfaygif; 70 ausmf MumjrihfaeygNyD/
aemufqkH;tBudrf 2011 ckESpf Nidrf;csrf;a&;BudK;yrf;rIuyJ q,fpkESpfwck
&SdvmcJhygNyD/ atmufwdkbm 15 &ufrSm wEdkifiHvkH; ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrI
&yfpJa&; oabmwlpmcsKyf (NCA) vufrSwfa&;xdk;Edkifwm ajcmufESpf
oufwrf; jynhfajrmufcJhygw,f/
'gayrJh 2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &uf ppftmPmodrf;rIaemufydkif;rSm
tajctaetopfawG jzpfay:vmcJhygw,f/ ppftmPm&SifqeYfusifa&;
vkyfcJhwJh tMurf;rzufqE´jyyGJeJY oydwfawGudk ppfaumifpDu tMurf;zuf
acsrIef;cJhygw,f/ ppfaumifpDu tMurf;rzufvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk &ufpufpGm
acsrIef;NzdKcGJcJh&mrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmihfa&Smufa&;toif;
(AAPP) &JU pm&if;rsm;t& 2021 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 18 &uftxd tMurf;
rzuf qE´jyoljynfol 1ç181 OD; xufrenf; aoqkH;cJhygw,f/ 'Dumv
rSmyJ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDt¸csKyf (NLD) acgif;aqmifwcsKdUu jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf udk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD (CRPH) eJY trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; tpdk;&
(NUG) udk ¸pnf;cJhMuygw,f/
tMurf;rzuf vlxkqE´jyyGJawG tMurf;zuf acsrIef;cH&NyD;wJhaemuf
wuf<uol vli,ftrsm;pku vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; vrf;aMumif;udk
a&G;cs,fcJhMuygw,f/ NUG tpdk;&u zuf'&,fwyfrawmf&JU a&SUajy;tjzpf
jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf (PDF) udk ¸pnf;xlaxmifcJhNyD; trnftrsKd;
rsKd;eJY a'opkHrSmvnf; jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf¸awG? a'oqdkif&m ckcHa&;
wyf (LDF) awG ay:aygufvmygw,f/ *syeftajcpdkuf Nikkei Asia owif;
azmfjycsufawGt& NUG u jynfoª umuG,fa&;wyf (PDF) t¸0if
8ç000 ausmfudk avhusihfoifwef;ay;xm;w,fvdkY azmfjyygw,f/ jrefrm
EdkifiH&JU y#dyu©eJY wdkufcdkufrIrsm;tay: teD;uyf avhvmaeMuolawG ceYf
rSef;csuft& EdkifiHtESHYrSm PDF wyf¸aygif; 120 rS 300 tMum;&SdEdkifNyD;?
tiftm;t& 20ç000 rS 30ç000 txd &SdEdkifw,fvdkY wGufqMuygw,f/
2010 jynfhESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtNyD; or®w OD;odef;pdef OD;
aqmifwJh tpdk;&u Nidrf;csrf;a&;urf;vSrf;rIudk 2011 ckESpf Mo*kwfrSm pwif
aMunmygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSm EAO 15 ¸eJY jynfe,ftqihf? jynfaxmifpk
tqihf aqG;aEG;yGJawGuwqihf ESpfzuf typf&yfrI oabmwlnDEdkifcJhygw,f/
2015 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 15 &ufrSm wEdkifiHvkH; ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrI &yfpJ
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

a&; oabmwlpmcsKyf (NCA) udk EdkifiHwum todoufaorsm;a&SUarSmufrSm

vufrSwfxdk; oabmwlEdkifcJhygw,f/ tapmydkif;rSm EAO &Spf¸eJY? 2018
ckESpfrSm aemufxyfESpf¸ xyfwdk;NyD; pkpkaygif; EAO 10 ¸eJY NCA oabm
wlnDcsuf &&SdcJhygw,f/ NCA oabmwlnDcsuft& EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;
tajz&SmrItjzpf jynfaxmifpk Nidrf;csrf;a&;nDvmcH (UPC) «aemufydkif;
NLD tpdk;&vufxufrSm 21 &mpk yifvkH ¼ jynfaxmifpk Nidrf;csrf;a&;
nDvmcHtjzpf ajymif;vJac:qdkcJhygw,f» udk ig;Budrfusif;yEdkifcJhNyD; jynf
axmifpk oabmwlnDcsufrSm xnhfoGif;zdkYtwGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wnfaqmufa&;qdkif&m tajccHrl 71 csuf &cJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh NCA
71
oabmwlnDrIjyifyrSm tiftm;BuD;wJh EAO t¸awG qufvuf usef&Sdae
qJjzpfNyD; NLD tpdk;& vufxufrSmyJ tiftm;BuD;rm;vmwJh &u©dKihfwyfawmf
(ULA/AA) eJY wdkufyGJawG jyif;xefpGm jzpfyGm;cJhygw,f/ 2020 jynfhESpf jynfaxmifpk Nidrf;csrf;a&;nDvmcHudk
rwfrSm &u©dKihfwyfawmf (AA) udk tpdk;&eJY wyfrawmfu tMurf;zuft¸ jynfcdkifNzdK;tpdk;&vufxufwGif
wBudrfESihf NLD tpdk;&vufxufwGif
tpnf;tjzpf aMunmcJhygw,f/ (ppftmPmodrf;tNyD; 2021 ckESpf rwf
av;Budrfusif;ycJhNyD;jzpfonf/
11 &ufrSmawmh AA udk tMurf;zuft¸tpnf;tjzpfuae ppfaumifpDu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
jyefvnf y,fzsufcJhygw,f) wnfaqmufa&;qdkif&m
2021 ckESpf ppftmPmodrf;rIaemufydkif; NUG tpdk;&eJY jynfoªumuG,f tajccHrl 71 csuf
&&Sdxm;onf/
a&;wyf¸ (PDF) awG? a'oqdkif&m ckcHa&;wyf (LDF) awG ay:aygufvmcJhyg
w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH&JU &SnfMumwJh jynfwGif;ppftwGuf tiftm;pktopfawG
xyfwdk;vmjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ tmPmodrf;ppfaumifpDu tcsdefwdktwGif;
rSmyJ 2021 ckESpf ar 10 &ufrSm NUG? CPRH eJY PDF awGudk ]tMurf;
zuft¸tpnf;}tjzpf owfrSwfaMunmcJhygw,f/ NUG tpdk;&uvnf;
jynfolw&yfvkH; ckcHppftjzpf tkH<uawmfvSefMuzdkY 2021 ckESpf pufwifbm
7 &ufrSm wdkufwGef;aMunmcJhygw,f/ 'Daemufydkif; y#dyu© wif;rmrI ydkrdk
jrihfrm;vmNyD; EdkifiHwum&JU vdkvm;csufwckjzpfwJh awGUqkHn§dEIdif;ajyvnf
EdkifwJh tajctaeu vwfwavmtaetxm;rSm r&Sdao;ygbl;/

n Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOf

2011 ckESpf Mo*kwfrSm or®w OD;odef;pdef pwifurf;vSrf;wJh Nidrf;csrf;

a&;vkyfief;pOf[m tpdk;&ESpfquf q,fpkESpfwck wdkifcJhygNyD/ q,fESpfwm
umvtwGif; wnfNidrf¶NzdK;rI wpkHw&meJY NCA pmcsKyfudk EAO t¸ 10 ¸eJY
oabmwlnDcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh jynfwGif;ppf&JU a&aomufjrpf taMumif;

5
 ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES

w&m; jyóemawGudk rajz&Sif;EdkifcJhygbl;/ wEdkifiHvkH; ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrI

&yfpJa&;vdkY ajymaeayrJh NCA jyifyrSm vufeufudkift¸BuD;awG rygbJ
usefaeygao;w,f/ 2011 ckESpfu pwifcJhwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf[m
vnf; &SnfMumvGef;wJhvkyfief;pOf (Protracted Peace Process) jzpfvm
ygw,f/ EdkifiHwum okawoepmayrsm;t& &SnfMumvGef;wJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;[m tpdk;&awG&JU OD;aqmifrI? pGrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf;tay: rlwnf
NyD; twuftus&Sdwwfygw,f/ jyefNyD; ysufjy,fwwfMuwmvnf;&Sdygw,f/
y#dyu©rsm;qD wausmhjyefNyD; vnfoGm;Muwmvnf; &Sdwwfygw,f/
NCA pmcsKyf[m
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf aqmif&GufaeMuayrJh ypfcwfrIawG Nidrf;roGm;
b,faomtcgurQ ygbl;/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfu ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;r&Sdaom vkyfief;pOf} jzpfae
tiftm;pktm;vkH;udk w,fvdkY okH;oyfMuygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf&JU aphaqmfrIwGef;tm;
vTrf;NcHKwJh rD;aygifusvmNyD; vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;wJh EAO awGtwGufvnf; rufvkH;
oabmwlnDcsuf r&Sd jzpfvmygw,f/ NCA oabmwlnDcsuf jyifyrSm tiftm;BuD;rm;wJh
(all-inclusive
0jynfaoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;ygwD (UWSA)? ucsifvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf
pact) wck
(KIA)? wtmif; trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (TNLA)? &u©dKihf
rjzpfcJhygbl;... wyfawmf (AA) pwJh t¸tpnf;awG &SdaeMuygw,f/ NCA oabmwlnDcsuf
[m b,faomtcgurQ tiftm;pktm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKwJh oabmwlnDcsuf
(all-inclusive pact) wck rjzpfcJhygbl;/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf aqmif&Guf
aewJh umvtwGif;rSmyJ atmufajc jynfolvlxkawGtwGuf ]aeYpOfb0
Nidrf;csrf;a&;} aysmufqkH;ae&ygw,f/
jynfwGif;ppf&JU a&aomufjrpfjyóemawGudk ajz&Sif;EdkifzdkY &nf&G,f
csufeJY 2015 ckESpfrS 2020 jynfhESpfrsm;twGif; jynfaxmifpk Nidrf;csrf;a&;
nDvmcH (UPC) ig;Budrf usif;yEdkifcJhygw,f/ jynfaxmifpk oabmwlnDcsuf
(Union Accords) wenf;ajym&&if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmuf
a&;twGuf tajccH EdkifiHa&;oabmwlnDcsuf 71 csuf &&SdcJhw,fvdkY
azmfjyMuygw,f/ 'gayrJh vkHNcHKa&;eJY wyfydkif;qdkif&mjyóemawGudk tpysKd;
awmif oabmwlEdkifjcif; r&SdcJhygbl;/ tJ'gtjyif e,fpnf; ydkif;jcm;owf
rSwfa&; (demarcation) oabmwlnDcsufawGudk oabmwlEdkifcJhwm
vnf; r&Sdawmh 'DtcsufawGaMumihfyJ vufeufudkifwdkufyGJawG jyefjzpfcJh
&ygw,f/ ppftmPmodrf;rIrwdkifrD? t&if NLD tpdk;& vufxufuwnf;u
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrSm MueYfMumwpfqdkYaerIawG &SdcJhygw,f/ wcsKdUaom
olrsm;u ]NCA [m aoqkH;NyD}vdkY ajymcJhMuygw,f/

6
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

n NCA oabmwlnDcsuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf

tmrcHcsufavm? axmifacsmufavm

NCA twGuf n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;Mu&mrSm wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkift¸

rsm;&JU udk,fpm;vS,f Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team
(NCCT) eJY tpdk;&&JU jynfaxmifpkNidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;aumfrwD (UPWC)
wdkYtMum; vaygif; 50 ausmfeJY aqG;aEG;yGJaygif; 250 ausmf jyKvkyfn§dEIdif;cJh
Mu&ygw,f/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftay: jynfwGif;tiftm;pkrsm;udk,fwdkif BudK;
250
yrf;rI (Home-Grown) eJY tpdk;&¼EAOs¼EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&JU zufpyf vkyf
ief;pOf (joint venture) tjzpf *kPf,lajymqdkcJhMuygw,f/ jrefrm
ppfwyf&JUtjrifrSmawmh NCA oabmwlnDcsuf[m wdkif;&if;om;tkyfpkawG NCA twGuf wdkif;&if;om;
bufu pwiftqdkjyKwm? 'gudk olwdkYbufu vufcHpOf;pm;ay;wmjzpfNyD; vufeufudkift¸rsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,f
Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination
aemufqkH; wyfrawmf¼EAOs¼EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; tm;vkH;&JU oabmwlnD
Team (NCCT) ESihf tpdk;&\ jynfaxmifpk
csuftjzpf jrifcJhygw,f/ aemufydkif;rSm NCA eJY jynfaxmifpk oabmwlnD Nidrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;aumfrwD (UPWC)
csufawGudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfuyg w&m;0if twnfjyKay;xm;yg wdkYtMum; vaygif; 50 ausmfESihf
w,f/ 'gaMumihfyJ tu,fí jyefvnfjyifqifr,fqdk&if tiftm;pktm;vkH;u aqG;aEG;yGJaygif; 250 ausmf
jyKvkyfn§dEIdif;cJhonf/
jyefNyD; oabmwlnD? vTwfawmfudk aemufwBudrf jyefjzwf&r,fvdkY jrifyg
w,f/ NCA udk yxrqkH;tBudrf tjynhfpkHqkH; Nidrf;csrf;a&; oabmwlnD
csufvdkY *kPfwifajymqdkMuwmvnf; &Sdygw,f/ EdkifiHwum todoufao
awGa&SUarSmufrSm vufrSwfa&;xdk; oabmwlxm;Muwmjzpfygw,f/ NCA
[m ta&;ygwJh t¸tpnf;pepf¼tifpwDusL;&Sif; (institution) wckvdkY
,lqEdkifNyD; tu,fí NCA r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if aemufxyf tpm;xdk;p&m?
pnf;aESmifxm;rI wpkHw&m&SdwJh taxmuftxm; rSwfwrf;wckck r&Sdawmh
wmrsKd;vnf; jzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/
NCA oabmwlnDcsuftay: taumiftxnfazmfrI tm;enf;vGef;
jcif;u vufawGU jyóem jzpfcJhygw,f/ vkHNcHKa&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;rIawGudk
pvkH;a&p aqmif&GufEdkifjcif;r&SdcJhygbl;/ wyf¸awGtMum; e,fpnf;owf
rSwfrI (demarcation) twGufvnf; ppfwyfbufu aqG;aEG;vdkpdwfr&Sd
ovdk t&yfom;tpdk;& udk,fwdkifuvnf; Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk xdxda&mufa&muf
azmfaqmifEdkifzdkY OD;aqmifEdkifpGrf;rJhcJhw,fvdkY qdkMuygw,f/ 'gaMumihfyJ
NLD tpdk;&vufxufrSm Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf racsmarGUrIawG? wpfqdkYrI
awG &SdcJh&ygw,f/

7
 ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES

2021 ckESpf ppftmPmodrf;rI aemufydkif;rSmawmh a&G;aumufcH t&yf

om;tpdk;&eJY vTwfawmfawGudk ppfaumifpDu zsufodrf;cJhygw,f/ NCA
vkyfief;pOfrSm ta&;ygwJhtiftm;pkawG r&SdawmhwJhtcg vkH;0&yfqdkif;oGm;
ygw,f/ NCA pmcsKyft& ¸pnf;wnfaqmufxm;rIawGjzpfwJh jynfaxmifpk
Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;rI yl;wGJaumfrwD (UPDJC)? NCA yl;wGJ taumif
txnfazmfa&;qdkif&m n§dEIdif;tpnf;ta0; (JICM)? ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrI
&yfpJa&;qdkif&m yl;wGJapmihfMunhfa&;aumfrwD (JMC) eJY jynfaxmifpk
Nidrf;csrf;a&;nDvmcH (UPC) pwmawGvnf; tm;vkH; r&SdawmhouJhodkY
n wdkufyGJrsm;
400
a&SUrqufEdkifbJ &yfqdkif;cJhygw,f/ t&ifumvu Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk t"du
300 aqmif&GufwJh trsdK;om; jyefvnfoihfjrwfa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;A[dkXme
200
(NRPC) udk ppfaumifpDu zsufodrf;vdkufNyD;? tpm;xdk;taeeJY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;
100

0
azazmf0g&D ZGef
ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif;
&SpfvwmumvtwGif;
ppfaumifpDESifh EAO rsm;tMum;?
ppfaumifpDESifh PDF rsm;tMum;ESihf EAO
tcsif;csif;tMum; jzpfaom wdkufyGJESihf
tjyeftvSef ypfcwfrIaygif; 1ç322
Budrfxufrenf; &SdcJhonf/
&nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;ESifh
vGwfvyfaom t¸tpnf;rsm;\
azmfjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí
ISP-Myanmar u rSwfwrf;
jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
atmufwdkbm 15
&mjynhfudk Ouú|tjzpf OD;aqmifapwJh trsdK;om; pnf;vkH;nDñGwfa&;ESihf
Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifrI n§dEIdif;a&;aumfrwD (NSPNC) udk ¸pnf;cJhygw,f/
'Dv¸dk cJah yrJh NCA taumiftxnfazmfrIu tmPmodrf;NyD; &SpfvMumwJh
txd taumiftxnf ay:rvmygbl;/ 'gayrJh ppfaumifpD&JU a&SUvkyfief;pOf
ig;&yfeJY OD;wnfcsufudk;&yfrSm NCA eJY xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&; pwJh a0g[m&
awGudk xnhfoGif;azmfjyxm;qJ &Sdygw,f/
NCA oabmwlnDcsufeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrSmawmh topfaom
tiftm;pkawG? topfaom tajctaewdkYtwGuf xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;xm;
wmrsKd;r&Sdbl;vdkY ,lqxm;Edkifygw,f/ 'gwifru 2021 ckESpf ar 10 &ufrSm
ppfaumifpDu apmpD;pGmyJ NUG? CPRH eJY PDF awGudk ]tMurf;zuf t¸
tpnf;}rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfaMunmcJhygw,f/ 'Dtcsufu n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;
a&;twGuf wHcg;ydwfvdkufovdk jzpfcJhygw,f/ 2021 ckESpf pufwifbm 27
&ufrSm ppfa&;qdkif&mvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk ig;vMum (2022 ckESpf azazmf0g&D
12 &uf? jynfaxmifpkaeYtxd) &yfqdkif;xm;r,fvdkY ppfaumifpDu aMunm
cJhygw,f/ vufa[mif;tiftm;pk EAO awG (vufrSwf xdk;xm;ola&m¼
xdk;rxm;olyg Signatories and Non-signatories) twGuf &nf&G,f
xm;ykH&ygw,f/ topfaom tiftm;pkrsm;twGuf xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;xm;
jcif; r&Sdbl;vdkY wGufqxm;Edkifyg w,f/ topfaomtajctae? topfaom
tiftm;pkrsm;twGuf ppfaumifpDu tcktcsdefrSm vkyfaewJh? t&ifuvnf;
EAO awGudk vkyfcJhzl;wJh ]Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;? acsrIef;a&;}uvGJvdkY tjcm;
r[mAsL[m pOf;pm;EdkifpGrf; uif;rJhaew,fvdkY ,lqEdkifygw,f/ 'g[m
Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf t[efYtwm;BuD;wck jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/

8
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;
n NCA tcif;tusif;tay: NCA-S EAO rsm;\ rSwfcsufESihf EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufrsm;
rSwfcsufrsm;
1/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf OD;aqmift¸ (PPST)
2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &ufwGif wyfrawmfu
tmPmodr;f vdu k jf cif;aMumihf NCA pmcsKyf taumif
txnfazmfaqmifa&; vkyfief;rsm; tygt0if Nidrf;
csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf vkH;0 &yfweYfoGm;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif;
oabmxm;rSwfcsuf jyKxm;onf/
2/ u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t½kH; (KNU)
2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &uf? ppftmPmodrf;,lrIu
NCA tajccHrlrsm;tm;vkH;tay: csKd;azmufrIjzpfay:
apum NCA taumiftxnfazmfrI vkyfief;pOf
rsm;tm;vkH;udk &yfwefYapNyD; wyfrawmfonf EdkifiH
a&;jyóemudk tiftm;okH;tajz&Smonhf ppftm
Pm&SifpepfodkY jyefvnf a&muf&SdoGm;ygawmhonf
[k oabmxm; rSwfcsufjyKxm;ygonf/
3/ oQrf;jynf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aumifpD (RCSS)
wyfrawmfutmPmodrf;í tpdk;&? vTwfawmfwdkY
tm; zsufodrf;NyD;aemuf NCA pmcsKyf taumif
txnfazmfaqmifjcif; vkyfief;rsm;ESihf Nidrf;csrf;a&;
vkyfief;pOfwdkYudk qufvufvkyfaqmif&ef rjzpfEdkif
awmhonhf tajctaeqdk;odkY qdkufa&mufapcJhonf
[k xkwfjyefcsufxJwGif oabmxm;rSwfcsuf jyK
xm;ygonf/
rSwfcsuf ¼ EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufrsm;atmufwGif azmfjyxm;aom tokH;tEIef;ESihf pmtxm;todkrsm;onf
oufqdkif&mt¸tpnf;rsm;\ rl&if;tmabmftwdkif; azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufrsm;
2021 ckESpf pufwifbm 9 &ufu xkwfjyefonfh aMunmcsufrS &,lazmfjyygonf/
1/ ppftmPmodrf;,lNyD;aemuf zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;aom EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;tygt0if yk*¾dKvfrsm;
tm;vkH;udk >cif;csufr&Sd tjrefqkH; vTwf ay;NyD; EdkifiHa&;rwlnDrIrsm;tm; tjrefqkH; aqG;aEG;tajz&SmoGm;&ef/
2/ tem*wf EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vkH;yg0ifNyD; EdkifiHwum\ ulnDyHhydk;rIrsm;ESihf
EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;jzihf tajz&SmoGm;&ef/
3/ wdkif;jynf\tmPmudk t&yfom;udk,fpm;vS,ftkyfcsKyfrIESihf 'Drdkua&pDrlabmiftwGif; aqmvsifpGm jyef
vTJajymif;a&;udk 0dkif;0ef;tajz&SmoGm;&ef/
4/ EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH *kPfodu©m&SdpGm &yfwnfEdkifa&;twGuf wdkif;jynf\
tajccHtaqmufttkH (Institutions) rsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; (Reforms) jyKvkyfoGm;&ef/
5/ wdkif;jynf a&&SnfwnfwHha&;? wnfNidrfa&;? om,m0ajyma&;wdkYudk a&S;½INyD; vlxkudk umuG,frIay;aom
vkHNcHKa&;pepf wnfaqmufoGm;&ef/
6/ jynfolvlxk\ touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESihf jynfolvlxkrsm;\ qkH;½IH;epfemrIrsm;
twGuf b0 jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihf jyefvnfukpm;a&; tpDtpOfrsm;udk aqmif&GufoGm;&ef/
7/ a&&SnfwnfNidrf Nidrf;csrf;om,m0ajym ¶NzdK;wdk;wufa&;udk OD;wnfNyD; zuf'&,f'Drdkua&pD jynfaxmifpk
udk wnfaqmufoGm;&ef/
2021 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 15 &ufu xkwfjyefonfh aMunmcsufrS &,lazmfjyygonf/
1/ ppftmPmodrf;,lNyD;aemufydkif;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;aom EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; tygt0if
zrf;qD;cHyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vkH;udk >cif;csufr&Sd tjrefqkH;vTwfay;&ef/
2/ EdkifiHw0ef; jzeYfusufxm;onhf &JESihf ppfbufqdkif&mwyf¸rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ oufqdkif&m tajcpdkufpcef;
rsm;odkY jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&ef? wEdkifiHvkH; typftcwf&yfpJaMumif; aMunm&efESihf tqdkygwdkYtm; taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef/
3/ EdkifiHwumaxmufulrIjyKonhf ta&;ay: vlom;csif; pmemaxmufxm;rIvkyfief;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm pwif
aqmif&Gufjcif;? COVID-19 a&m*g umuG,fukoa&;ESihf umuG,faq;xdk;onhf vkyfief;rsm;tygt0if
tjcm;aom aq;0g;ukorIvkyfief;qdkif&m ueYfowfrIrsm;tm;vkH;udk ½kwfodrf;&ef/
4/ t&yfom;rsm;tm; umuG,fay;a&;qdkif&m jyXmef;csufrsm;tm;vkH;udk &Jwyf¸0ifrsm;ESihf ppfbufqdkif&m
wyf¸0ifrsm;u vdkufem&ef trdeYfxkwfjyefjcif;? t&yfom;rsm;tay: tMurf;zufqufqHrI &yfwefYa&;ESihf
ywfoufonfrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;ESihf EdkifiHwum Mum;0ifapmihfMunhfonhf
y#dyu©apmihfMunhfa&;vkyfief;pOf xlaxmifNyD; taumiftxnfazmfjcif; pwif&ef/
5/ wyfrawmf\ *kPfodu©musqif;rIudk u,fwifonhftaejzihf wyfrawmfrS zuf'&,f'Drdkua&pDEdkifiH
xlaxmifa&; uwdu0wfjyKrIudk w&m;0if aMunmcsufxkwfjyef&efESihf EdkifiHa&;wGifyg0ifaerIrS EkwfxGuf
aMumif;aMunm&ef/
6/ ppftmPmjyKtkyfcsKyfrIrsm;tm; tqkH;owfEdkifa&; taxmuftyHhjzpfvmaprnhf uÇmhukvor*¾ r@dKif
jyK EdkifiHwum aphpyfn§dEIdif;ay;rIvkyfief;pOfudkoabmwlvufcHjcif;? n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;jcif;ESihf bufaygif;pkHrS
t"duusonhf udk,fpm;jyKrIrsm;yg0ifonhf nDñGwfa&;tpdk;&w&yf ¸pnf;NyD; tmPmvTJajymif;um
ESpfaygif; 70 ausmf MumjrihfcJhonhf jynfwGif; EdkifiHa&;y#dyu©rsm;\ t&if;tjrpfjyóemrsm;ESihf taMumif;
w&m;rsm;udk n§dEIdif;ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf oabmwl&ef/
2021 ckESpf atmufwdkbm 15 &ufu xkwfjyefonfh aMunmcsufrS &,lazmfjyygonf/
RCSS onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfOD;aqmiftzGJU (PPST) \ t¸0ifjzpfonfESifhtnD tem*wf Nidrf;csrf;
a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif½Guf&mwGif PPST csrSwfxm;aom EdkifiHa&;&yfwnfcsuf 7 csuftwdkif;
EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;jzifh yl;aygif;vufwGJ vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ oQrf;jynf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfa&;
twGuf atmufyg vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufoGm;rnf/
1/ oQrf;jynf tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vkH; vufcHEdkifaom oQrf;jynfzuf'&,frltm; pkaygif;a&;qGJcsrSwfNyD;
taumiftxnfazmf usihfokH;Edkifa&; aqmif&Gufjcif;/
2/ EdkifiHwuma&muf tiftm;pkrsm;tygt0if oQrf;jynf tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vkH;ESihf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;jcif;/
3/ jynfaxmifpktwGif;&Sd t¸tpnf;rsm;ESihf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;jcif;/
4/ nDaemif wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;t¸tpnf;rsm;ESihf jzpfyGm;aeonhf ppfa&;y#dyu© ajz
&Sif;a&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;jcif;enf;vrf;jzihf aqmif&GufoGm;jcif;/
9

n PDF rsm;\ wdkufyGJqifrI
60
40
20
0
{NyD Zlvkdif
ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif;
2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 rS
atmufwdkbm 15 &uftxd
jrefrmEdkifiHtESHYwGif jynfoªumuG,fa&;
wyfzGJU (PDF) rsm;\ wdkufyGJqifrI 169
Budrfxufrenf; &SdcJhygonf/ NUG u
ckcHwGef;vSefppf aMunmcJhonhf
pufwifbmwGif trsm;qkH;jzpfcJhNyD;
56 Budrfxufrenf; &SdcJhygonf/
&nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;ESifh
vGwfvyfaom t¸tpnf;rsm;\
azmfjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí
ISP-Myanmar u rSwfwrf;
jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
10
ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES
n topfaom tiftm;pkrsm;? topfaom tajctae
ESpf 70 ausmf &SnfMumcJhNyDjzpfwJh jrefrmhjynfwGif;ppfwGif 2021 ckESpf
ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif; aemufxyf tiftm;pktopfawG xyfay:
aygufvmygw,f/ txl;ojzihf ppftmPm&SifqeYfusifa&; Nidrf;csrf;pGm
qE´jyyGaJ wG tMurf;zufNzdKcGcJ cH &hJ NyD;aemufyikd ;f jzpfwnfvmwJh NUG tpd;k &eJY
a'otrsm;tjym;rSm &&mvufeufpGJudkifNyD; ay:aygufvmwJh jynfoª um
uG,fa&;wyf (PDF) awG? a'oqdkif&m ckcHa&;wyf (LDF) awG jzpfygw,f/
ppfaumifpDu tckay:aygufvmwJh tiftm;pktopfawGudk jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;
a&;vkyfief;pOfxJrSm xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;ykH r&Sdygbl;/
tJ'gtjyif NUG? CPRH eJY PDF t¸tpnf;awGudk ppfaumifpDu
]tMurf;zuf t¸tpnf;}tjzpf owfrSwfaMunmcJhwmaMumihf 'g[m Nidrf;
atmufwdkbm 15
csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf jyifyu t¸tpnf;awG jzpfvmygw,f/ 2021 ckESpf
pufwifbm 7 &ufrSm wEdkifiHvkH; vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;rusef
tkH<uqeYfusifMuzdkY NUG u ckcHppfyGJaMunmwJhtcg jrefrmhEdkifiHa&; y#d
yu©[m wif;rmrIawG ydkvdkYjrihfrm;vmygw,f/
'Dvdk jynfwGif;y#dyu©0ef;usifu tiftm;pkopfawGudk vspfvsL½Ixm;zdkY
cufcJEdkifygw,f/ tcsKdUaomae&mawGrSm PDF awG[m wjznf;jznf;eJY
wdkufcdkufEdkifpGrf; jrihfrm;vmrIaMumihf jyif;jyif;xefxef xdcdkufwm 'grS
r[kwf BuD;rm;wJh zsufpD;EdkifpGrf;udk vkyfEdkifwJhpGrf;&nf (lethality) jrihfrm;
vmwm awGU&ygw,f/ t&ifu aoewfoHrMum;zl;wJh a'otrsm;tjym;rSm
wdkufyGJawGjzpfvmwm? jynfwGif;'ku©onf (IDPs) ta&twGuf tvsif
tjref jrihfrm;vmaewJh tajctaeawGudk jrifawGUae&ygw,f/ y#dyu©ajrykH
opf (conflict map) [m topfwzef jyefvnfa&;qGJaeNyD jzpfygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU EdkifiHa&;eJY EdkifiHwum oHwrefa&;0ef;usif tajctae
[m ykHrSeftaetxm;rSm &Sdraeygbl;/ uÇmhul;pufuyfab; COVID-19
Global Pandemic aMumihf tusyftwnf; jrihfrm;aeovdk? EdkifiHwum
pD;yGm;a&;qkwf,kwfusqif;aerIeJYvnf;&ifqdkifBuHKawGUae&ygw,f/ jrefrm
EdkifiHta&;eJYywfoufvm&if 2017 ckESpf ½dk[if*smawG tay: tBuD;tus,f
vªtcGihfta&;csKd;azmufrI rSwfwrf;awGaMumihf EdkifiHwum oHwrefa&;
tm½kHpdkufrI jrihfrm;aewJhtcsdef jzpfygw,f/ ½dk[if*sm ta&;aMumihf tjynf
jynfqdkif&m &mZ0wfrIckH½kH; (ICC)? tjynfjynfqdkif&m w&m;½kH; (ICJ) tyg
t0if EdkifiHwumrSm jrefrmudpö[m EdkifiHwumta&; jzpfaecJh&ygw,f/
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

n jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf¸ (PDF) rsm; INFOGUIDE

a'otvdkuf jzefYusufxm;rI tjcm;t¸rsm;

ppfudkif;wdkif; ¼ 30 1 All Burma Independence Army - ABIA
rauG;wdkif; ¼ 28 2 Area- 21 Revolution Network
u,m;jynfe,f ¼ 27 3 Bamar People's Liberation Army- BPLA
rÅav;wdkif; ¼ 22 4 Burmese Mainland Resistance Alliance Force
csif;jynfe,f ¼ 14 5 Eagle Brigade
{&m0wDwdkif; ¼ 14 6 PDF- TC
7 People's Revolutionary Association (PRA)
weoFm&Dwdkif; ¼ 11
8 Special Attacking Force (Upper Burma) - SAF
rGefjynfe,f ¼ 9 9 Spring Revolution Alliances - SRA
&efukefwdkif; ¼ 8 10 Spring Revolution Brothers Network
&Srf;jynfe,f ¼ 6 11 Student Armed Force-
yJcl;wdkif; ¼ 6 ausmif;om;vuf½kH;wyfawmf
ucsifjynfe,f ¼ 3 12 tmPm&SifawmfvSefa&; jynfoªwyfrawmf (DRPA)
u&ifjynfe,f ¼ 1
&cdkifjynfe,f ¼ 1
aejynfawmf ¼ 1
tjcm; ¼ 12
pkpkaygif; ¼ 193

azmfjyygta&twGufonf owif;rD'D,mrsm;wGif azmfjyavh&Sdaom t¸rsm;udk

pkpnf;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ajrjyiftcsuftvufrsm;t& ,ckxuf ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkif &nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;ESifh
vGwfvyfaom t¸tpnf;rsm;\
ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHy#dyu©ESifh wdkufcdkufrIrsm;tay: teD;uyf avhvmaeMuol azmfjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí
rsm;\ ceYfrSef;csuft& EdkifiHtESHYwGif PDF wyf¸aygif; 120 rS 300 tMum;wGif ISP-Myanmar u rSwfwrf;
&SdEdkifNyD; tiftm; 20ç000 rS 30ç000 txd &SdEdkifaMumif; wGufqxm;onf/ jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;jzpfpOfrSm jynfwGif;tiftm;pkrsm;&JU oabmxm;eJY

aqmif&GufcsufawGomru tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;&JU yx0DEdkifiHa&; tusKd;
pD;yGm;rsm;uvnf; xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&wJhtcsuf jzpfygw,f/ txl;ojzihf
tckumvvdk tiftm;pktopfawG ay:xGef;aewJhumv? wdkif;jynfwckvkH;eJY
csDwJh EdkifiHa&;OD;wnf&mvrf;aMumif; ykHray:vGifao;wJh umvrSm ]tnD§&Sd?
,iftkH} qdkovdk yx0DEdkifiHa&;ya,m*awGu ydkjyif;xefwwfygw,f/

n rl0g'a&;&m ½dkufcwfoufa&mufrIrsm;

EdkifiHwumrdom;pkuawmh n§dEIdif;ajz&Sif;a&;udkom 0dkif;0ef;awmif;qdk

aeygw,f/ 'DvdktajctaerSm buftoD;oD;yg0ifwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;
pOfudk b,fvdkjyefpEdkifrvJqdkwm ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ ukvor*¾vdk t¸
tpnf;BuD;u t"du Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf av;&yf owfrSwfxm;wJh

11

n ae&yfpGefYcGm 'ku©onfrsm;
17 %
54.9 %
28.1 %
ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemuf wdk;vmaom
ppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;
,cif&Sdxm;aom
ppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;
b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifhxdkif;e,fpyf&Sd
jynfy'ku©onfrsm;
2020 jynhfESpf Zefe0g&DrS 2021 ckESpf
pufwifbmtxd jrefrmjynfwGif;ü
ae&yfpGeYfcGm ppfajy;'ku©onf
798ç000 OD;xufrenf; &Sdygonf/
xdkyrmPteuf 300ç000 ausmfrSm
ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemuf wdk;vmonhf
ta&twGufjzpfonf/ xdkYtwl
b*Fvm;a'h&SfESihf xdkif;e,fpyf&Sd
'ku©onfpcef;rsm;wGifvnf; 'ku©onf
972ç000 OD;ausmf &Sdaeygonf/
&nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;ESifh
vGwfvyfaom t¸tpnf;rsm;\
azmfjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí
ISP-Myanmar u rSwfwrf;
jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
12
ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES
ae&mrSm y#dyu©awGrjzpfyGm;rD BudKwifumuG,frIqdkif&m oHwrefa&;
(preventive diplomacy)? Nidrf;csrf;a&; &apa&; (peacemaking)? Nidrf;
csrf;a&; qufvufxdef;odrf;xm;a&; (peace-keeping) eJY y#dyu©vGef vª
t¸tpnf;taeeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufa&; (post-conflict peace
building) pojzifh cGJjcm;xm;ygw,f/ 'D½IaxmihfuMunhf&ifyJ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
vkyfief;pOftqihf tawmfrsm;rsm; jyefvnfjzwfoef;Mu&ygOD;r,f/ vuf
iif;rSmawmh EdkifiHwumu awmif;qdkaeovdk awGUqkHaqG;aEG;a&; (dia-
logue) pm;yGJ0dkif;qDudk jyefa&mufzdkYa0;vdkY awGUqkHpum;ajymzdkYtaMumif;
pum;ajymMu (talks before the talk) zdkYawmif rvG,fulao;ygbl;/
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU jynfwGif;ppfy#dyu© jrihfrm;vmrI tusKd;qufu a'o
wGif; tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGqD ul;pufzG,f pdk;&drfrI jzpfaeMuygw,f/ y#dyu©&JU
qdk;usKd;tjzpf jynfwGif;'ku©onfrsm;&JU vlom;csif;pmemrI ta&;ay:tajc
taeudk a'owGif;EdkifiHawG vspfvsL½Ixm;vdkY r&Edkifatmif jzpfvm&yg
w,f/ 'ku©onfeJY a&TUajymif;tvkyform; jyóemawGeJYtwl vlcdk;0ifrI?
vlukeful;rIjyóemudk tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGupdk;&drfaeMuygw,f/ vufeuf
arSmifcdkaps;uGuf wzef jyefvnfxGef;opfvmrIuvnf; a'owGif; vkHNcHK
a&;twGuf pdk;&drfzG,fjzpfvmNyD; wNydKifeufwnf;rSm jynfwGif;y#dyu©udk
tcGihfaumif;,lNyD; rl;,pfaq;0g;ukefoG,frI jrihfrm;vmEdkifwJh jyóem
vnf; &Sdaeygw,f/
rnfodkYaom qifajctaMumif;jycsufjzpfygap? a'owGif; EdkifiHawG
tzdkY EdkifiHwcktwGif;rSm vufeufudkiftiftm;pkrsm; jyeYfusJay:xGef;vmwm?
enf;aygif;pkHeJY tMurf;zufrIawG ay:vmaewmu ½IpdrhfEdkifzG,f tajctae
w&yf r[kwfygbl;/ txl;ojzihf ]tMurf;zufrI}qdkwmudk t"dyÜm,f zGihfqdk
&mrSm usihf0wfydkif;qdkif&m? pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&mawGtay: av;av;euf
euf xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;csufawG vdktyfygw,f/ 'gayrJh Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´
xkwfazmfrIawGtay: ppfaumifpDu tMurf;zufacsrIef;rI vkyfcJhwmudk
wefjyefaomtm;jzifh ay:aygufvmwJh vkyfBuHowfjzwfrIawG? (ppfrsufESm
pmeJY ppfzufqdkif&mypfrSwfr[kwfwJh ae&mawGrSm) vufvkyfrdkif;eJYAkH;cGJrI
pojzihf wdkufcdkufrIawGudk tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;eJY EdkifiHwum oHwref
qufqHa&;e,fy,frSm tcsdef,l em;vnfpOf;pm;ay;EdkifzdkYqdkwJhtcsufu
½IyfaxG;ayGvDvSygw,f/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ jrefrmhta&; vlom;csif;pmemrI ta&;ay: tajc
taetwGuf owday;acgif;avmif;oHu ydkjrnfaeygNyD/ xif&Sm;wJh
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

a'otvdkufwdk;vmonfh
n
INFOGUIDE
ppfajy;'ku©onfta&twGuf
ucsifjynfe,f
12ç450+

ppfudkif;wdkif;
29ç250+
&Srf;jynfe,f
csif;jynfe,f 28ç210+
39ç000+

rauG;wdkif;
18ç900+
u,m;jynfe,f
110ç200+

{&m0wDwdkif; u&ifjynfe,f
2ç000+ 60ç050+

ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemuf ppfaumifpDESihf wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyf¸wdkYtMum; wdkufyGJrsm;

jyif;xefvmonhftjyif a'otoD;oD;rS jynfoªumuG,fa&;wyf¸rsm;ESihf tmPmodrf;ppfaumifpD weoFm&Dwdkif;
wdkYtMum; tjyeftvSefypfcwfrIrsm;vnf; &Sdvmygonf/ tqdkygtajctaersm;aMumihf ae&yfpGeYfcGm
xGufajy;&ol 'ku©onfrsm;wdk;vmNyD; (2021 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 1 &ufrS atmufwdkbm 5 &uftxd) 586+
&SpfvwmumvtwGif; pkpkaygif; 300ç556 OD;ausmftxd &SdcJhonf/ ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif;
ppfajy;'ku©trsm;qkH;&Sdvmonhfa'orSm u,m;jynfe,fjzpfNyD; pkpkaygif; 110ç200 ausmf &Sdae
onf/ xdkYtwl ,cifu ppfajy;'ku©onfr&SdcJhaom ppfudkif;wdkif;? rauG;wdkif;ESihf {&m0wDwdkif;
wdkYwGifvnf; ppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;&Sdvmonf/
&nfòef; ¼ ,cktcsuftvufrsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;ESifh vGwfvyfaom t¸tpnf;rsm;\ azmfjycsufrsm;udk tajcjyKí
ISP-Myanmar u rSwfwrf; jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

acgif;aqmifrsm;eJY avhvmokH;oyfolawG? oHwrefawGu jrefrmEdkifiH[m

us½IH;EdkifiH (failed state) jzpfoGm;zdkY tvm;tvmtay: pdk;&drfcsufawGudk
twdtvif; ajymqdkaeMuygw,f/ wzufrSm ppfaumifpDu EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&
awGeJY EdkifiHwumt¸tpnf;awGudkyg ueYfowfrIawG &SdaecJhygw,f/ EdkifiH
wGif; tpdk;&r[kwfwJht¸tpnf; (INGO/NGO) awG&JU vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf
EdkifpGrf;uvnf; ododomom ueYfowfcHae&ygw,f/
twdkuftcHvIyf&Sm;rItwGif; pkpnf;rIeJY acgif;aqmifrI jyóemuvnf;
vufawGUtjzpf &Sdaeygw,f/ topfaom qeYfusifa&; tiftm;pkawGeJY
&Sd&if;pGJ EAO awGtMum;rSm nDñGwfrIwnfaqmufa&;u &Spfvausmf Mum

13
 ISP-MYANMAR SPECIAL FEATURES

onfhwdkif cufcJaeqJjzpfygw,f/ wNydKifeufwnf;rSm acgif;aqmifrI? r[m

AsL[m? r[mrdwfwnfaqmufrI? rl0g'qdkif&m jyóemawGvnf; tjyifyef;
t&awmif jrifomvmygw,f/ rnDñGwfao;aom? pkpnf;rItm;enf;ao;
aom acgif;aqmifrIuae &nfarQmf&myef;wdkif ta&mufoGm;zdkY udpöawG
twGuf cufcJEdkifygao;w,f/
wNydKifeufwnf;rSm tus,ftjyeYfaom 'Drdkua&pD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
(broader democratization) eJY vlrItodkuft0ef;twGuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;
(community peace) udpöawGudkyg ¶NzdK;tm;aumif;vmapa&;twGuf
xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;zdkY vdktyfaeygw,f/ txl;ojzifh y#dyu© toGifajymif;
wdk;wufrI (conflict transformation) jzpfay:vmatmif 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;
MuzdkY vdktyfaeygw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfief;pOfawGxJrSm t&yfbuf vlrIt¸tpnf;
u yg0ifaqmif&GufaeolawG? z,fMuOfcHxm;&wJh tkyfpkawG? trsdK;orD;awG?
a'oacgif;aqmifawG? xkH;wrf;pOfvm acgif;aqmifawGtaeeJY EdkifiH&JU
tem*wftwGuf a&&Snfajrmfjrif BudK;yrf;rIudk tm;xnhfaqmif&GufMu
&OD;rSm jzpfygw,f/ xif&Sm;ol acgif;aqmifrsm;eJY EdkifiHwum rdom;pkawG
pdk;&drfylyefaeMuwJh jrefrmEdkifiH ]us½IH;EdkifiHwck jzpfroGm;apa&;}twGuf
&yfweYfaewJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfeJY tmPm&Sifpepf csKyfNidrf;zdkY 'Drdk
ua&pD ul;ajymif;a&;jzpfpOfudk rlydkif;qdkif&m y&d,m,f<u,frI? zefwD;
wDxGifrI&SdwJh vkyfief;pOfrsm;eJY ta[mif;? topf t"dutiftm;pkrsm;
tm;vkH;u 0dkif;0ef;BudK;pm;MuzdkY vdktyfr,fvdkY okH;oyf&ygw,f/ n

14
jrefrmhNidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOf ¼ tcif;tusif;opfESihf topftopfaom tiftm;pkrsm;

n &nfòef;udk;um;
1. Annawitt, P. (2021, April 22). Myanmar’s civil war has already begun. The Diplomat.
https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/myanmars-civil-war-has-already-begun/
2. Center for Peace and Reconciliation. (2021, August). Peace process review paper.
3. United States Institute of Peace. (2017, May 8). Creating an inclusive burmese peace
process. https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/05/creating-inclusive-burmese-
peace-process
4. Lintner, B. (2020, October 2). Why Burma’s peace efforts have failed to end its
internal wars. United States Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/
publications/2020/10/why-burmas-peace-efforts-have-failed-end-its-internal-wars
5. Pauli, T. C. (2020, October 1). Myanmar peace at a crossroads in 2020. The Asia
Foundation. https://asiafoundation.org/2020/09/30/myanmar-peace-at-a-
crossroads-in-2020/
6. Mathieson, D. S. (2021, August 31). The necrometrics of Myanmar’s spreading war.
Asia Times. https://asiatimes.com/2021/08/the-necrometrics-of-myanmars-
spreading-war/
7. Thant Myint-U. (2021 a, June 24). Myanmar’s Coming Revolution: What Will Emerge
From Collapse? Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/burma-
myanmar/2021-06-11/myanmars-coming-revolution
8. Robinson, G., & Wallace, R. (2021, September 14). Myanmar, a violent tale of two
governments. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Big-Story/
Myanmar-a-violent-tale-of-two-governments
9. Selth, A. (2021, June 16). Myanmar, terrorism and the demands of international
politics. The Interpreter. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/myanmar-
terrorism-and-demands-international-politics
10. The Economist. (2021, June 25). Myanmar’s civil war is becoming bloodier and more
brutal. https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/06/24/myanmars-civil-war-is-
becoming-bloodier-and-more-brutal

15