Shopping Mall the Size of Abreeza Mall of Davao

Architectural Programming
By Reyna Resa S. Roca

Ar. Lineth Lovitos

AR 126 (11781) Architectural Design 3
January 7, 2021
Project: Shopping Mall the Size of Abreeza Mall of Davao

A. Architectural Programming

● Established Goal
● Gather Data (Analyze facts)
● Test and Uncover Concepts
● Determine the Needs
● Problem Statement

B. List of Space Requirement

C. Bubble Diagram

D. Adjacency Matrix
 A. ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

ESTABLISH GOALS
Shopping mall is a place providing business and services to people. It is where tenants
and buyers connect, as well as to produce a captivating place that leaves the users with a
unique and creative impression through its architectural design. Thus, a shopping mall must
be someplace where people wanted to be, and making each people experience shopping as a
fulfillment, comfort, and enjoyment. So, below are the following goals focused in designing a
shopping mall.
Circulation – Referring to the movement or flow of users within and outside the
establishment, it means the pathways people take through. The structure must have a proper
circulation to avoid any confusion in directions. It must have a vertical and horizontal
circulation including stairs, escalators, and hallways, and must be noticeable. Putting
wayfinding for people to easily enhance their understanding within the space and for
convenience.
Space – Must have an adequate space for movements and different activities, as well as
adequate room size, in order to have a successful shopping flow.
Security & Safety – Prioritizing the safety of the users is very essential when planning a
shopping mall especially that a shopping mall is a large, enclosed structure. Providing alarms,
notification system, signage, CCTV cameras, emergency exits, and different equipment
necessary for emergencies.
HVAC Systems – Shopping malls are high occupancy, so, HVAC systems are very
important, that is to provide indoor environmental comfort, supplying thermal comfort and
satisfactory condition of indoor air, which makes shopping more comfortable.
Notable and Accessible – The location of the shopping mall must be situated within the
trade vicinity. It must be accessible to at least one existing major highway, yet ideally, on at
least two highways.
Durable – Choosing the appropriate materials and finishes in building/constructing the
shopping mall is essential, for, it concerns about the longevity and durability of the structure.
Applying right finishes are necessary in achieving the quality required.
Aesthetics – One main factor in planning a shopping mall is attraction. Providing a
comfortable surrounding is essential. Having good aesthetics, affects the mood of users in a
positive way, such as a feeling of excitement and comfort. Aesthetics can be done through the
proper lighting, right choice of color, and the right usage of materials. Additionally, attraction
has a huge effect in captivating tenants or retailer’s attention.
Flexible – Flexibility includes expansion and changes in the structure. As time passes,
population are rising, as well as people’s demands, thus flexibility is very essential. The plan
must consider changes in the structure for future purposes and to maintain the building’s
quality.
Sustainable – Buildings constitute a huge part in energy consumption and global carbon
emissions, moreover, shopping malls affects the community in various ways, so we aim to
accomplish a sustainable environment and development. Energy efficiency is very essential
as it can positively affect the running costs of the mall. It can be done through the proper
selections of technology such as lighting, ventilation, and the use of solar panels.
GATHER DATA
● Primary Users – Customers/ Consumers
● Other Users – Employees, Security Personnel, Maintenance Personnel, Managing
Agents
● Users to Consider
As seen in the Google Map, the floor area of the mall must be 38,415.27 m². To
identify the number of users to consider, static crowd density must be applied,
wherein 1 square meter per person for a free flow, while the safety limit for crowd
density is 2 person per square meter (Still, 2019).

Assume that:
Percentage of fixtures space – 30% (11, 524.581 m²)
Space for user’s movement and activities – 70% (26, 890.689 m²)
Safety limit for crowd density– 2 persons per 1 square meter
Thus:
26, 890.689 x 2 = 53, 781 people

With low risks of stampede:

Percentage of fixtures space – 30% (11, 524.581 m²)
Space for user’s movement and activities – 70% (26, 890.689 m²)
Free flow – 1 person per 1 square meter
Thus:
26, 890.689 x 1 = 26, 891 people

Therefore, 53, 781 users is the limit that are needed to consider in every floor.
● Users Primary Activities
According to Farrag, Belk, and Sayed (2010), there are seven primary
activities of the users in a shopping mall.
Functional Motives
⮚ Safety – Window shopping, and children’s leisure place
⮚ Bargain Hunting – Purchasing household products and accessories, Window
shopping
⮚ Convenience – Purchasing household products and accessories, business
related meetings, planned purchase, performing multiple tasks
Hedonic Motives
⮚ Entertainment – Window shopping, competitions participation, food court/
coffee shops hanging out, occasions celebration, children’s leisure place,
meeting family and friends, and going to the movies
⮚ Freedom – hanging out, purchasing household products and accessories
⮚ Appreciation of Modernity – Window shopping, going to the movies, tracing
fashion changes, hanging out, and occasion celebration
 ⮚ Self-identity – tracing fashion changes, hanging out, window shopping,
purchasing apparel
Employees primary activities are to introduce and sell products, and to assists costumers.
Security Personnel is responsible for the safety within and outside the establishment. Secure
premises, inspecting, monitor surveillance, prevents damage, etc.
Maintenance Personnel maintains the cleanliness within and outside the building, as well as
perform minor repairs, checking issues in electrical wiring and control panels, install
equipment.
Managing Agent employs general control, judgment, business affairs, authority, and
manages property and services.
● Users Activities Special Equipment
For customers/consumers:
Grocery and Department Store
⮚ Pushcarts
⮚ Baskets
⮚ Trolleys
⮚ Display tables
⮚ Display rack
⮚ Cashier’s table
⮚ Benches
⮚ Shelves (belonging’s storage)
Food courts, Restaurants, and Cafe
⮚ Tables
⮚ Chairs
⮚ Stools
⮚ Washing basin
⮚ Cashier’s table
Retail Stores (salon & spa, fashion boutiques, drugstore, jewelry shop, gadgets store,
bookstore, hardware store, etc.)
⮚ Baskets
⮚ Display table
⮚ Display rack
⮚ Benches and chairs
⮚ Stools
⮚ Hydraulic chairs
⮚ Shampoo chairs
⮚ Shampoo bowls
⮚ Cashier’s table
⮚ Mirrors
⮚ Shelves (belonging’s storage)
Entertainment spaces (cinemas, arcades, playground, and cyber area)
 ⮚ Benches and chairs
⮚ Theatre chairs
⮚ Stools
⮚ Tables
⮚ Rubber mat
⮚ Arcade machines (photo booths, virtual reality, basketball game, etc.)
⮚ Playground equipment (slides, climbers, play structures, playhouses, etc.)
⮚ Computer tables
⮚ Computers
⮚ Shelves (belonging’s storage)
Payment Centers and Banks
⮚ Benches
⮚ Chairs
⮚ Table
⮚ Counter table
⮚ Computers
⮚ ATM machines
For employees & personnel:
⮚ Lockers
⮚ Cabinets
⮚ Stools
⮚ Tables
⮚ Computers
⮚ Computer tables
● Storage Requirements for Equipment
It is necessary to have storage for equipment (such as cleaning tools, carts, and
trolleys) in order to have organization within the facility. There must be a small
storage next to the comfort room, for cleaning equipment. A storage for department
and grocery stores, for shopping baskets, trolleys, pushcarts, etc.
● Accessories Storage Requirements for Users
Costumers – Baggage area for the storage of their accessories.
Employees/ Personnel – Cabinets and lockers who prefer to leave their belongings.
● Health and Hygiene Requirements for Users
A small clinic must be provided in case of emergencies regarding health and small
accidents, as well as clean toilets with storage for cleaning equipment, and a
breastfeeding area.
In Addition (DayArch, n.d.):
● The site available must be situated within the trade area.
● Apply the existing zoning laws that is appropriate for the purpose.
● A car spaces between 5 and 6 per 1,000 sq. ft. of leasable store area is required.
● Emergency exits must be visible and the route shall be clearly marked with signs for
guidance.
 ● For mechanical ventilation, the minimum air exchange rate should be 15 air changes
per hour.
● For natural ventilation, the air exchange rate should be 5 air changes per hour.
Test and Uncover Concepts
A. Activity grouping – The spaces in a shopping mall are not always integrated. Each
spaces has its own different functions and activities, thus, it must be
compartmentalized. But there are areas for interaction that must be integrated, such as

lobbies and atrium.

B. Service Grouping – Refers to the centralization and decentralization of services, such
as ventilation system. In a shopping mall, it is important to where should a HVAC
system (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) must be placed. Since it is an
enclosed structure, it is appropriate to centralize the cooling systems, but there are

also other parts that centralization of ventilation system is not necessary. Other
example is a meat or food shops, cooling system and a good ventilation are required
and must be centralized to avoid any bad odors and contamination.
C. Accessibility – For users to easily access a shopping mall, multiple entrances are
necessary for convenience. Since it is a wide structure, having multiple entrances,
people can easily find the entrances and exits, and it also avoids crowdedness.

D. Mixed Flow – The concept of mixed flow must be considered, especially that a
shopping mall is a public space where people meet and socialize. Creating social
spaces such as lobbies are important, where, it enables a faster way to meet people,
and to avoid any inconveniences.
E. Flexibility – refers to expansibility, convertibility, and versatility. As the economy is
growing, population are also rising, thus the provision for expansion is necessary.
Furthermore, it enables changes in the space’s functions, renovations, and exterior and
interior changes, that is to maintain the building’s quality and the comfort it gives, and
to meet consumer’s demands.

F. Security Controls – To provide protection and safety to both the users and the
establishment, it is important to consider the concept of security controls. It may be
through CCTV cameras, security personnel, fences, notification and alarm systems,

etc.
G. Energy Conservation – Shopping malls are one of the major consumers of energy.
To have a positive impact on the running costs, we must consider the concept of
energy conservation. The right usage of HVAC systems and right planning of the
building’s orientation are applied to this concept. Areas that cannot received a natural
ventilation or indoor spaces must be provided with HVAC systems to provide thermal
comfort and satisfactory indoor air quality. The other way in energy conservation is
the right orientation of the building towards the sun and wind. Proper orientation
improves natural ventilation, thus a more efficient use of energy.
Determine the Needs

ENTRANCE & EXIT

E
N
T
R
Grocery Store
The floor plan presented is a grocery store, where contains various users, mainly
customers or the consumers. The grocery store comprises people’s daily needs in terms of
foods, hygiene, home equipment, etc. It is one of the spaces most people go to, thus, it must
be located on the first floor for an easy access for everyone especially for PWDs.
The baggage counter area are intended for customer’s accessories storage, for them to
be convenient when buying other necessities, it is more preferable if it is located near the
entrance. Pushcarts and baskets must be next to the entrance as it is the main equipment
people use in carrying goods. The dimensions of entrances and exits are enough to avoid any
traffic as well as for PWDs easy access. A 1.80 meter space between display racks is
adequate for two pushcarts crossing each other, and a customer service area to provide
answers for customer’s questions in different products and services. The storage is for frozen
goods such as meat, poultry, and fishes, as well as for equipment like baskets and pushcarts.
It is also necessary to have an office which is intended for employees and management.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
As we enter the 21st century, shopping malls have hugely expanded their function in
serving the community. People in the modern era are choosing convenient ways to live,
relying on what they can easily access and what their time can easily manage, thus shopping
malls have emerge to comply people’s demands. The plan is to create a shopping mall with a
size same as the Abreeza Mall of Davao, having a floor area of 38,415.27 m². This project
must be open for everyone, providing people services and their necessities, a place where
they wanted to be, and making shopping as an experience of fulfillment, comfort, and
enjoyment. The location of the shopping mall must be notable and accessible, being near in
one or two existing major highway are more expectedly to attract tenants and consumers. The
spaces must be well organized with interconnected walkways which allow users to walk from
unit to unit, this is to avoid any inconveniences and makes more time efficient. To achieve
the comfort that the mall shall provide, aesthetics should be done accordingly, applying the
right finishes, colors, lightings, etc. Also, the mall should equip proper ventilation, to supply
thermal comfort and adequate indoor air quality. Safety should also be prioritize, particularly
that a shopping mall is a wide structure, thus, safety must be provided for every type of user.
Aside from comfort, the quality of the structure is a must, as it concerns to the durability and
safety of the users, wherein it should consider expansibility, convertibility, and versatility.
Providing a structure that can adequately accommodate the number of present and future
users, since population are growing continually, the plan must accustom possible changes.
Due to the growing economy, urbanization are also expanding, thus, the shopping mall must
consider sustainability and must be environment friendly through applying the ways for
energy and cost efficiency.
 B. LIST OF SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Below are the lists of spaces required for a shopping mall having the size of Abreeza Mall as
based on the gathered data.
✔ Entrances
✔ Department Store
✔ Atrium
✔ Supermarket/ Grocery Store
✔ Restaurants/ Food courts
✔ Comfort Rooms
✔ Baggage Area
✔ Bank
✔ Escalators and Stairs
✔ Retail Stores
⮚ Clothing and Fashion Boutiques
⮚ Jewelry Shop
⮚ Bookstore
⮚ Drugstore
⮚ Appliances and Hardware Store
⮚ Gadgets Shop
⮚ Repair Shop
⮚ Health & Beauty Shop
⮚ Salon & Spa
⮚ Gym Equipment Store
⮚ Musical Instruments Store
⮚ Souvenir Store
✔ Entertainment Spaces
⮚ Cinemas/ Theaters
⮚ Arcades & Playground
⮚ Cyber Area
✔ Offices
⮚ Administration Office
⮚ Accounting Office
⮚ Payment Centers
✔ Storage Room
✔ Maintenance Room
✔ Electrical Room
✔ Security Control Room
✔ Staff Room
✔ Emergency Exits
✔ Breastfeeding Room
✔ Customer Service Area
 C. BUBBLE DIAGRAM

GROUND FLOOR ⮚ Clothing and Fashion

Boutiques
✔ Entrance
⮚ Bookstore
✔ Lobby
⮚ Jewelry Shops
✔ Atrium
⮚ Drugstore
✔ Escalator
⮚ Health & Beauty Shop
✔ Parking Area
✔ Comfort Rooms/ Breastfeeding
✔ Restaurant/ Cafe
Room
✔ Department Store
✔ Staff Entrance
✔ Grocery Store
✔ Storage Facilities
✔ Baggage Area
✔ Electrical Room
✔ Customer Service Area
✔ Maintenance Room
✔ Bank
✔ Staff Room
✔ Lounge
✔ Emergency Exit
✔ Retail Stores
SECOND FLOOR
✔ Department Store
✔ Arcade Area
✔ Cyber Area
✔ Food Courts & Restaurants
✔ Retail Stores
⮚ Appliances and Hardware Store
⮚ Gadgets Shop
⮚ Gym Equipment Store
⮚ Repair Shop
⮚ Salon & Spa
✔ Comfort Rooms/ Breastfeeding Room
✔ Staff Entrance
✔ Storage Facilities
✔ Electrical Room
✔ Maintenance Room
✔ Staff Room
✔ Emergency Exits
THIRD FLOOR
✔ Retail Stores
⮚ Musical Instrument Store
⮚ Souvenir Store
⮚ Gym Equipment Space
✔ Offices
⮚ Administration Office
Accounting Office
Security Control Room
⮚ Payment Centers
✔ Entertainment Spaces
⮚ Cinema/ Theatres
✔ Food Courts/ Restaurants
✔ Comfort Rooms
✔ Lounge
✔ Electrical Room
✔ Maintenance Room
✔ Staff Room
✔ Storage Facilities
✔ Emergency Exits
 D. ADJACENCY MATRIX

Adjacency Matrix 1. GROUND FLOOR

Adjacency Matrix 1. SECOND FLOOR

Adjacency Matrix 1. THIRD FLOOR

References:

DayArch, (n.d.). Shopping Mall. Retrieved from: https://www.dayarch.com/commercial-

building/shopping-mall/
Fajardo, M., Jr. (n.d.). Planning and Designers Handbook ( 2nd ed.).
Farrag, D. A., El Sayed, I. M., & Belk, R. W. (2010). Mall shopping motives and activities: a
multimethod approach. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 22(2), 95-115.
Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08961530903476113
Still, G.K. (2019). Crowd Safety and Crowd Risk Analysis. Retrieved:
http://www.gkstill.com/Support/crowd-density/CrowdDensity-1.html#:~:text=Crowds
%20rarely%20pack%20in%20regular%20formation.&text=Above%20and%20below
%201%20person%20per%20square%20metre.&text=5%20people%20per%20square
%20metre,for%20standing%2Fviewing%20spaces).