DOT NET UNIT 1

1.What is Internet? The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a

worldwide system of computer networks -- a network of networks in which
users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information
from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other
computers).
2.Define WWW. The World Wide Web—commonly referred to as WWW,
W3, or the Web—is an interconnected system of public webpages
accessible through the Internet. The Web is not the same as the Internet:
the Web is one of many applications built on top of the Internet

3.Differentiate between HTML and XML.

The key difference between HTML and XML is that HTML displays data
and describes the structure of a webpage, whereas XML stores and
transfers data. XML is a standard language which can define other
computer languages, but HTML is a predefined language with its own
implications.
4.Define structure of HTML.
An HTML Document is mainly divided into two parts: HEAD: This contains
the information about the HTML document. For Example, Title of the page,
version of HTML, Meta Data etc. BODY: This contains everything you want
to display on the Web Page.
5. What is <table> tag? What are the attributes that can be used with table
tags?
Attribute Description

align Alignment of the table. It can

be one of the following values:
left, center, right
bgcolor Background color of the table

border Size of the frame surrounding

table (in pixels)

6. Define Frame tag in HTML.

HTML <frame> tag define the particular area within an HTML file where
another HTML web page can be displayed. A <frame> tag is used with
<frameset>, and it divides a webpage into multiple sections or frames, and
each frame can contain different web pages.
7.What is scripting language?
A scripting language or script language is a programming language for a
runtime system that automates the execution of tasks that would
otherwise be performed individually by a human operator. Scripting
languages are usually interpreted at runtime rather than compiled
8.Define Client side and Server side scripting?
On a dynamic website there are client -side and server -side scripts. Client-
side and server-side are sometimes referred to as front-end and back-
end. The client-side of a website refers to the web browser and the server-
side is where the data and source code is stored.
9.What are the advantages of Client side scripting?
The two main benefits of client-side scripting are: The user's actions will
result in an immediate response because they don't require a trip to the
server. Fewer resources are used and needed on the web-server.
10.What are the languages supports in .NET.
NET Languages are computer programming languages that are used to
produce programs that execute within the Microsoft . NET Framework.
Microsoft provides several such languages, including C#, Visual Basic .
NET, and C++/CLI.
11.Define CLR & List down its responsibilities.
The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of
Microsoft . NET Framework, manages the execution of . NET programs.
Just-in-time compilation converts the managed code (compiled
intermediate language code) into machine instructions which are then
executed on the CPU of the computer.
12.Name of the different components of an assembly in .NET.
 The assembly manifest, which contains assembly metadata.
 Type metadata.
 Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code that implements the
types. It is generated by the compiler from one or more source
code files.
 A set of resources.

13.Mention key characteristics of .NET.

 Interoperability.
 Common Language Runtime engine (CLR)
 Language independence.
 Base Class Library.
 Simplified deployment.
 Security.
 Portability.

14. What are the languages that .NET supports?

Unlike other frameworks, . NET Core is not limited to a single programming
language and supports C#, VB.NET, F#, XAML, and TypeScript. These
programming languages are open source and managed by independent
communities.

15.What is the syntax of .NET? Syntax The .NET Application Password SDK
comprises several classes, each containing one or more methods.
Class: PSDKPasswordRequest

Class: PasswordSDK

Class: PSDKPassword
PART B 8MARKS
79.List out the advantages and disadvantages of client – side and Server – side
scripts.
Advantages and disadvantages of client-side scripts
Developers might consider using client-side scripts for many reasons, and they
might have some legitimate reasons not to use them.
Advantages
 Client-side scripts offer numerous advantages, including:
 Allow for more interactivity by immediately responding to users’ actions.
 Execute quickly because they do not require a trip to the server.
 May improve the usability of Web sites for users whose browsers support
scripts.
 Can give developers more control over the look and behaviour of their Web
widgets.
Disadvantages
 Client-side scripts also create additional worries which include:
 Not all browsers support scripts, therefore, users might experience errors if
no alternatives have been provided.
 Different browsers and browser versions support scripts differently, thus
more quality assurance testing is required.
Advantages and disadvantages of server-side scripts
Advantages
 User can create one template for the entire website
 The site can use a content management system which makes editing
simpler.
  Generally quicker to load than client-side scripting
 User is able to include external files to save coding.
Disadvantages
 Many scripts and content management systems tools require databases in
order to store dynamic data.
 It requires the scripting software to be installed on the server.
80. What is client-side scripting? Explain with suitable example.
The client-server model is used because servers are typically more powerful and
more reliable than user devices. They also are constantly maintained and kept in
controlled environments to make sure they're always on and available; although
individual servers may go down, there are usually other servers backing them up.
Meanwhile, users can turn their devices on and off, or lose or break their devices,
and it should not impact Internet service for other users.
Servers can serve multiple client devices at once, and each client device sends
requests to multiple servers in the course of accessing and browsing the Internet.
Multiple clients and servers interact:

81. Draw and explain .NET framework Architecture.

Net Framework Architecture is a programming model for the .Net platform
that provides an execution environment and integration with various
programming languages for simple development and deployment of various
Windows and desktop applications. It consists of class libraries and reusable
components.
. Common Language Runtime
The “Common Language Infrastructure” or CLI is a platform in .Net architecture
on which the .Net programs are executed.

. Class Library
The .NET Framework includes a set of standard class libraries. A class library is a
collection of methods and functions that can be used for the core purpose.

. Languages
The types of applications that can be built in the .Net framework is classified
broadly into the following categories.

WinForms  , ASP. Net, ADO. Net

82. Draw and explain various component of CLR.

CLR (Common Language Runtime)
It is a program execution engine that loads and executes the program. It converts
the program into native code. It acts as an interface between the framework and
operating system. It does exception handling, memory management, and garbage
collection. Moreover, it provides security, type-safety, interoperability, and

portablility. A list of CLR components are given below:

Base Class Library Support

It is a class library that provides support of classes to the .NET application.
Thread Support
It manages the parallel execution of the multi-threaded application.
COM Marshaler
It provides communication between the COM objects and the application.
Type Checker
It checks types used in the application and verifies that they match to the
standards provided by the CLR.
Code Manager
It manages code at execution run-time.
Garbage Collector
It releases the unused memory and allocates it to a new application
Exception Handler
It handles the exception at runtime to avoid application failure.
ClassLoader
It is used to load all classes at run time
83. What is CLS? Explain its significance in .NET.
Common Language Specification (CLS) is a document that says
how computer programs can be turned into Common Intermediate Language
(CIL) code. When several languages use the same bytecode, different parts
of a program can be written in different languages. Microsoft uses a
Common Language Specification for their .NET Framework. To fully interact
with other objects regardless of the language they were used in, objects
must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the
languages they must exchange information with. It was always a dream of
Microsoft to unite all different languages under one umbrella and CLS is
one step towards that. Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but
guidelines for languages to follow so that it can communicate with
other .NET languages in a seamless manner.
Most of the members defined by types in the .NET Framework class library
are able to work with CLS. However, some types in the class library have
one or more members that are not able to work with CLS. These members
allow support for language features that are not in the CLS.

84. Describe in detail the role of Common Language Runtime (CLR) in .NET.
NET Common Language Runtime (CLR)
.NET CLR is a run-time environment that manages and executes the code written
in any .NET programming language.
It converts code into native code which further can be executed by the CPU.
.NET CLR Functions
Following are the functions of the CLR.
It converts the program into native code.
Handles Exceptions
Provides type-safety
Memory management
Provides security
Improved performance
Language independent
Platform independent
Garbage collection
Provides language features such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading for
object.
PART C 15MARKS
126. Explain in detail about HTML.
The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can
be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local

storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML
describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included
cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML
constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be
embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements
are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img
/> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such
as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may
include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags
but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript,
which affects the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS
defines the look and layout of content. The World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of
the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit
presentational HTML since 1997.[2] A form of HTML, known as HTML5, is
used to display video and audio, primarily using the <canvas> element, in
collaboration with javascript.

127. Give the difference between client side scripting and server side scripting.
Client-side scripting Server-side scripting

Source code is not visible to the user because

its output 
Source code is visible to the user.
of server-sideside is an HTML page. 
 
Its main function is to provide the Its primary function is to manipulate and
 Client-side scripting Server-side scripting

provide access to the respective database as

requested output to the end user.
per the request.
In this any server-side technology can be used
It usually depends on the browser and it does not 
and its version. depend on the client. 
 
It runs on the user’s computer. It runs on the webserver.
There are many advantages linked
The primary advantage is its ability to highly
with this like faster. 
customize, response 
response times, a more interactive
requirements, access rights based on user. 
application. 
 
 
It does not provide security for data. It provides more security for data.
It is a technique used in web It is a technique that uses scripts on the
development in which scripts run on webserver to produce a response that is
the client’s browser. customized for each client’s request.
HTML, CSS, and javascript are
PHP, Python, Java, Ruby are used.
used.
No need of interaction with the
It is all about interacting with the servers.
server.
It reduces load on processing unit of
It surge the processing load on the server.
the server.
130. Explain in detail: a) CLR b) CTS
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