-Personal -Can you conduct -I can learn more -In this module,

Protective a study when the about this topic by I’ve learned about
Equipments or BSL is 3 or above? listening to our the Biological
PPE are designed -Can a bio-agent in online classes, Agents, the types
to be worn or BSL 2 result to a making a research, of the widespread
held by the global pandemic? or reading this of a virus, and the
worker to protect -Can you put a textbook our Bio-Safety Levels.
him for the higher BSL virus teacher has
hazard. into a container of provided us.
-There are 4 Bio- the lower ones?
Safety Levels and
are categorized by
how harmful their
effects to the
host.
 BSL-2

-Are motile gram-negative aerobic bacteria, 2 – 4 μm long

plump-shaped rods, with polar flagella which have an
important role in pathogenicity. They are non-spore forming
and can produce pigments, such as pyocyanine (green-blue)
and pyorubrin (yellow-green) fluorescence and can produce
a large variety of extracellular toxins, including exotoxin A
and enterotoxins.

-Infected humans, animals, contaminated water, soil.

 BSL-3

It is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by

infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the
jaundice that affects some patients.

The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Central

and South America.
 BSL-2

Belongs to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae,

genus Simplex virus, and is closely related to
herpes simplex virus-1 and -2; 160 to 180 nm in
diameter, double stranded DNA virus

It’s commonly found in an Infected Macaque Monkey or

have contact with the monkey’s eyes, nose, or mouth.

BSL-1

Small, oval, measuring 2-4 µm in diameter. It is in

yeast form, unicellular, reproduce by budding. Can
form biofilms. And is 80-90% of cell wall is
carbohydrate.

It normally lives on the skin and inside the body, in places

such as the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, without
causing any problems.
 BSL-2

It is an intestinal dwelling parasite in the human

gastrointestinal tract that causes diseases such as
amebiasis, amebic colitis and amebic liver
abscesses.

It’s commonly found in faecally-contaminated

food, water, or from person-to-person contact.
Contains biological Contains biological Contains biological Contains biological
agents that pose low agents that pose agents that usually agents that are highly
risk to personnel and moderate risk to cause serious disease dangerous to human,
the environment and personnel and the and may cause serious animal or plant. It often
Highly unlikely to cause environment and are infections, possibly causes diseases that are
disease in healthy agents that may cause lethal. untreatable and fatal.
laboratory infections.
workers, animals or
plants.
-Agrobacterium -Streptococcus -Mycobacterium -Ebola virus
tumefaciens pneumoniae tuberculosis -Marburg virus
-Micrococcus leuteus -Salmonella enterica -Encephalitis virus -Lassa Fever
-Neurospora crassa -Staphylococcus -Coxiella burnetti Virus
-Bacillus subtilis aureus

Examples are school Designed to Facility design should Required for

laboratories. maximize safety incorporate self- dangerous/exotic agents
when working with closing double-door that pose extremely
agents of moderate access separated dangerous and pose a
risk to humans and from general building high risk of life-
the environment. corridors. threatening disease.
Standard practices Access to the Projects in the BSL-3 BSL-3 Practices + BSL
are used when laboratory is group are prohibited. 4 laboratories are in
working in the restricted. The separate buildings or
laboratory. laboratory is a totally isolated
supervised by a zone with dedicated
qualified scientist. supply and exhaust
ventilation.

Biological safety More protective BSL-3 Practices + BSL

Lab coats and gloves primary barriers are
are required; eye cabinets must be 4 laboratories are in
available. Lab coats used in BSL-3 separate buildings or
protection and face laboratories, including
shields must also be and gloves are a totally isolated
required; eye solid-front wrap- zone with dedicated
worn as needed. around gowns, scrub
protection and face supply and exhaust
shields must also be suits or coveralls. ventilation.
worn as neeedd.
There are many pathogens out there that we must avoid. We need to classify biological
agents for us to know what to do when we need to encounter those pathogens. Like for
example, a BSL-3 virus. We know what to do since we already identified it. We need to wear
solid-front wrap-around gowns, scrub suits or coveralls and avoid projects including it.
Here are the references that I used:
• For Pseudomonas fluorescens: Pathogen Safety Data Sheets:
Infectious Substances – Pseudomonas spp. - Canada.ca
• Yellow Fever Virus: Yellow fever (who.int)
• Herpes B Virus: Herpes B Virus (emory.edu) & Herpes B Virus | CDC
• Candida albicans: Candida albicans- An Overview | Microbe Notes
• Entamoeba histolytica: Entamoeba Histolytica - an overview |
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