New Era University

No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines

College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
Trinidad, Yuri B. June 17, 2022
CON-1B Pharmacology

WEEK 3 Part 1
Assignment:

TYPES MEDICATIONS Nursing Responsibilities

• ibuprofen • Assess for desired therapeutic

NSAIDS • naproxen effects
• diclofenac • Continue periodic monitoring of
• celecoxib CBC, coagulation studies,
• mefenamic acid bleeding time,
electrolytes, glucose, lipids, and
• etoricoxib
liver and kidney function studies.
• indomethacin • Assess vital signs and weight
periodically or if symptoms
warrant.
• Assess for and promptly report
adverse effects.
• Teach the patient to supplement
drug therapy
with nonpharmacologic
measures; increased fluid intake
for fever; positioning for
comfort; diversionary distractions
(e.g., television or music);
and rest for pain.
• Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid, • Careful monitoring of patient’s
NON-OPIOIDS ASA) condition and
• acetaminophen (Tylenol) providing education
• tramadol (Ultram) • Thorough assessment for
hypersensitivity,
bleeding disorders
• Thorough assessment for
gastric ulcers,
severe renal/hepatic disease,
pregnancy
• Obtain laboratory tests on renal
and liver function
 New Era University
No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines
College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
• Pain assessment
• Monitor for side effects

• Codeine • Assess potential for opioid

OPIODS • Fentanyl (Actiq, Abstral, dependency:
Duragesic, Fentora)
• Hydrocodone (Hysingla, o Have narcotic
Zohydro ER) antagonists available to
• Hydrocodone/acetaminophen reverse negative effects
(Lorcet, Lortab, Norco,
Vicodin) • Assist with activity
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid, • Monitor urine output for
Exalgo) retention
• Meperidine (Demerol) • Monitor patient’s bowel habits
• Methadone (Dolophine, for constipation
• Continue careful monitoring of
Methadose)
patient’s condition:
• Morphine (Kadian, MS
Contin, Morphabond)
o Especially respiratory
• Oliceridine (Olynvik)
status
• Oxycodone (Oxaydo,
OxyContin)
• Have resuscitative equipment
• Oxycodone and available
acetaminophen (Percocet,
Roxicet)
• Oxycodone and naloxone
Esters • Prepare emergency equipment
LOCAL • benzocaine (Americaine, to maintain airway and provide
ANESTHESIA Anbesol, Solarcaine, mechanical ventilation if
others) needed.
• chloroprocaine • Ensure that patients receiving
(Nesacaine) spinal anesthesia or epidural
• procaine (Novocain) anesthesia are well hydrated
• proparacaine (Alcaine) and remain lying down for up to
• tetracaine (Pontocaine) 12 hours after the anesthesia to
minimize headache.
Amides • Provide skin care to site of
• articaine (Septocaine, administration to reduce risk of
Zorcaine) skin breakdown.
• bupivacaine (Exparel, • Provide comfort measures to
Marcaine, Sensorcaine) help patient tolerate drug
• dibucaine (Nupercainal) effects.
 New Era University
No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines
College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
• lidocaine (Anestacon, • Provide safety measures (e.g.
Dilocaine, Xylocaine, adequate lighting, raised side
others) rails, etc.) to prevent injuries.
• mepivacaine • Educate client on drug therapy
(Carbocaine, Isocaine, to promote understanding and
Polocaine) compliance.
• ropivacaine (Naropin)

Miscellaneous drugs
• ethyl chloride or
chloroethane
• pramoxine (Tronothane)
Benzodiazepines • Prepare emergency
GENERAL • diazepam (Valium) equipment to maintain
ANESTHESIA • lorazepam (Ativan) airway and provide
• midazolam (Versed) mechanical ventilation when
patient is not able to
Opioids maintain respiration
• alfentanil (Alfenta) because of CNS depression.
• fentanyl (Sublimaze, • Monitor temperature for
others) prompt detection and
• remifentanil (Ultiva) treatment of malignant
• sufentanil (Sufenta) hyperthermia. Maintain
dantrolene on standby.
Miscellaneous IV Drugs • Monitor vital signs and ECG
• etomidate (Amidate) readings to assess systemic
• ketamine (Ketalar) response to CNS
• propofol (Diprivan) depression and provide
appropriate support as
Therapeutic gas needed.
• nitrous oxide • Provide safety measures
(e.g. adequate lighting,
Volatile liquid raised side rails, etc.) to
prevent injuries.
• desflurane (Suprane)
• Educate client on drug
• enflurane (Ethrane)
therapy to promote
• isoflurane (Forane)
understanding and
• sevoflurane (Sevo, compliance.
Ultane)
• Provide comfort measures
(e.g. pain relief, skin care,
 New Era University
No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines
College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
• bethanechol (Urecholine)
CHOLENERGIC • carbachol (Miostat)
AGONIST • cevimeline (Evoxac)
• pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine,
Salagen)
• donepezil (Aricept)
• galantamine (Razadyne)
• neostigmine (Prostigmin)
• physostigmine (Antilirium)
• pyridostigmine (Mestinon,
Regonol)
• rivastigmine (Exelon)
• aclidinium (Tudorza Pressair)
CHOLENERGIC • atropine (AtroPen)
ANTAGONIST • benztropine (Cogentin)
• cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
• darifenacin (Enablex)
• dicyclomine (Bentyl)
• donepezil (Aricept)
• fesoterodine (Toviaz)
etc.) to help patient tolerate
drug effects.
Anticholinergics
(Parasympathomimetics)
• Monitor for adverse effects
• Monitor liver enzymes
• Calculate and monitor doses
• Assess and monitor for
appropriate self-care
administration
Direct Acting
• Monitor intake and output ratio
• Monitor for blurred vision
• Monitor for orthostatic
hypotension
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
• Monitor muscle strength and
neuromuscular status
• Monitor ptosis, diplopia, and
chewing
• Schedule medication around
mealtimes
• Schedule activities to avoid
fatigue
• Monitor for muscle weakness
• Monitor for signs of
anticholinergic crisis
• Report changes in heart rate,
blood pressure, or development
of dysrhythmias
• Provide comfort measures for
dry mouth
• Minimize exposure to heat or
cold or strenuous exercise
 New Era University
No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines
College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
• glycopyrrolate (Cuvposa, • Monitor intake and output
Robinul) • Monitor patient for abdominal
• ipratropium (Atrovent) (see distention, and auscultate for
page 663 for the Prototype bowel sounds
Drug box)
• methscopolamine (Pamine)
• oxybutynin (Ditropan,
Oxytrol)
• propantheline (Pro-Banthine)
• scopolamine (Transderm-
Scop)
• solifenacin (Vesicare)
• tiotropium (Spiriva)
• tolterodine (Detrol)
• trihexyphenidyl
• tropicamide (Mydiracyl,
Tropicacyl)
• trospium (Sanctura)
• Droxidopa • Monitor vital signs, urinary and
ADRENERGIC • Pseudoephedrine cardiac output as appropriate
AGONIST • Ephedrine • Monitor breathing patterns
• Dipivefrin • Observe patient’s
• Midodrine responsiveness to light
• Isoetharine • Monitor for rhinorrhea and
• Norepinephrine epistaxis
• Phenylephrine
• Phenylpropanolamine
• Brimonidine

• acebutolol (Sectral) • Monitor urinary hesitancy,

ADRENERGIC • alfuzosin (UroXatral)
ANTAGONIST • atenolol (Tenormin)
• bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• carteolol (Cartrol)
• carvedilol (Coreg)
• doxazosin (Cardura)
• esmolol (Brevibloc)
• metoprolol (Lopressor,
Toprol)
• nadolol (Corgard)
incomplete bladder emptying,
interrupted urinary stream
• Monitor vital signs, level of
consciousness, and mood
• Monitor for dizziness,
drowsiness, or light-
headedness
• Observe for side effects
• Monitor cardiac output
 New Era University
No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines
College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022
• phentolamine (Regitine)
• Prazosin(Minipress)
• propranolol (Inderal,
Innopran X L)
• sotalol (Betapace, Sorine)
• tamsulosin (Flomax)
• terazosin (Hytrin)
• timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic)

References:
NEU VLE Module 12-13
Others:
https://nurseslabs.com/general-local-anesthetic-agents/
https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT000537
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nsaids/
https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/narcotic-pain-medications