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Micro Hydro Power Plant using Sewage Water of Hayatabad Peshawar

Conference Paper · December 2019

DOI: 10.1109/ICET48972.2019.8994728

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 Micro Hydro Power Plant using Sewage Water of
Hayatabad Peshawar
Ali Mujtaba Durrani Omer Mujahid
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
CECOS University of IT and Emerging CECOS University of IT and Emerging
Sciences Sciences
Peshawar, Pakistan Peshawar, Pakistan
ali@cecos.edu.pk omer@cecos.edu.pk
Abstract— Hydro power is one of the major sources of
electric power. The latest trends of hydro power generation is
mostly by micro hydropower. These plants are low cost , easy to
install and ecofreindly. Sewage water can be one source of micro
hydro power plants where low head screw turbines can be used
to generate power. A single screw turbine to the sewage line
produces power up to 1963 watts. While an increase in the
number of turbines, head and flow rate results in a linear
increase in power generation. The turbine is designed using
SolidWorks and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK
considering all the geometrical parameters of the power plant
site. This paper proposes a sewage water based micro hydro
power plant that has been physically implemented on the sewage
water of the Hayatabad Peshawar region of Khyber
Pakhutnkhwa. The paper also discusses the integration of
microhydro power plants with the existing national grid.
Keywords— MHPP , SCREW, MICROGRID, ENERGY,
TURBINE, DFIG
I. INTRODUCTION
A micro hydro power plant (MHPP) is a type of hydro
electric power plant that produces electric power in the range
of 5 KW and 100 KW using natural water current. MHPPs are
most suitable for distributed generation systems in nations
where electrical power shortages are on a big scale. These
power plants are small in rating, but can add to the provision
of electrical power to neighboring national consumers and
provide the National Grid with adequate energy. The
Archimedes screw turbine is a very apt choice of turbine for
an MHPP according to multiple studies [1] [2]. These MHPPs
can be mounted in low-head and continuous water flow. The
concept of this study job is to investigate the option of
producing electricity from sewage water in Pakistan's
metropolitan regions, where every day sewage water flows in
big quantities through sewage lines[1-3].
A. LITERATURE SURVEY
Ali Raza in [1] discussed the prospects of MHPP based on
Archimedes screw for use in low head hydro power plants.
Using the analytical model of Archimedes turbine presented in
the paper one can easily compute the necessary design
parameters by giving the site assessment parameters for a low
head hydro power plant. The results of the experimental work
were very close to those of Brada. Waters, G.A. Aggidis in
[18] discussed the working of Archimedes turbine as pump
and turbine in his paper. He stated that the use of the model as
Muhammad Uzair
Department of Computer Sciences
FAST NUCES
Peshawar, Pakistan
p166002@nu.edu.pk
a turbine is in developing state as it is still a new phenomenon.
The paper presented the development of screw turbine which
mostly resembled the design of inclined pump. When
optimizing a pump, the emphasis on amount of water it lifts
during each turn whereas optimization of turbine has its
emphasis on extracting most power output from the flow of
water through the turbine. J. Rohmer et al [19] in his research
worked on modeling of Archimedes turbine and obtained
some experimental results. Some developments were made in
the existing model of Archimedes pump described in Rorres
[7] and results were obtained for upstream level, mechanical
parameters including efficiency & torque, as a function of the
rotational speed and flow rate. The results of experimental
data had almost the same results as the numerical results.
Guilhem Delinger et al [19] also presented experimental work
on screw turbine based on C. Rorres the results showed that
the inclination angle and screw efficiency are inversely
proportional with increase in the inclination angle there was a
decrease in screw`s efficiency. Williamson et al [20] discussed
various approaches for implementation of micro hydro power
plants. Advantages of various turbines at different site
conditions were discussed in the paper. On the bases of
comparison among various turbines we can conclude that
screw turbine has the best efficiency at sites where water head
is less than 5 meters. Unlike conventional reaction and
impulse turbines screw turbine has the tendency to generate
power even if the head fall up to zero.
The proposed work contributes in a way that it is a novel
approach of using sewage water based MHPP as a source of
distributed generation for urban colonies. The community will
benefit from the proposed system as the generation setup is
load centric.
The remaining paper is divided into the following sections:
Section II contains details about the selected site for MHPP.
Section III discusses the design scheme of MHPP. Section IV
contains a thorough discussion about the design and selection
of turbine. Section V discuses methodology and Section VI
concludes the paper.
II. SELECTED SITE FOR MHPP
Currently, three sewage treatment plants have been built in
Peshawar, specially intended for municipal waste water, but
are not operational. In the case of Hayatabad, a water
treatment plant is already being built by Peshawar
Development Authority at the Hayatabad sewage treatment
facility situated on the primary highway in Phase III
rehabilitation.
Figure. 1. Site for MHPP at Hayatabad Peshawar [17]
The selected site for the MHPP is located near the water
treatment plant of Hayatabad , Peshawar. As it is a modern
day planned housing society the sewage is well planned and
all sewage water flows towards the treatment plant with a
rapid flow rate as it is located at the lowest altitude of the
housing society [4-5].
III. DESIGN SCHEME OF MHPP
The block diagram demonstrates an outline of the scheme
that the water source is sewage water after therapy from
sewage plants and shops in a water tank that generates
mechanical energy in the screw turbine. In the next step gear
module, the mechanical power of this gear module from screw
turbine to alternator is interconnected with the screw turbine
and alternator. Then alternator provides electrical power at the
output that can be provided to the grid using various
topologies of micro hydro turbine energy.
Figure. 2. Block diagram of a micro hydro power plant using waste water.
The output power of the generator can differ for the
production of electricity where the flow rate of water changes
over time and the quality of the power can become poor which
can harm the machinery. In order to prevent it, it is necessary
to install a correct control mechanism and the primary focus is
on voltage regulation and system frequency, which informs
about the power quality of any device. Though synchronous
generators are commonly used for hydro power plants,
induction generators work better in case of run of river
schemes [6].
IV. SELECTION AND DESIGN OF TURBINE
The turbine selection for any hydro power plant can be
done by evaluating the site's head and geometric parameters.
Archimedes invented Screw Turbine for low heads (287-
212B.C) [7]. The screw turbine was invented to lift the water
from lower altitudes to higher later the technology was used as
a generator by pushing down the water. Vitruvius a Roman
Engineer described the Archimedes Screw[8]. The wooden
screw had eight blades. Screw turbines these days are
generally fabricated from mild steel. Although the efficiency
of a screw constructed from optimized parameters is up to
83% [9] site analysis is the only way to make the screw
efficient and reduce the losses.
Figure. 3. Various parameters of screw turbine
Figure. 3 shows different parameters of the screw turbine
β-inclination angle, Ra- Outer Radius, Ri-Inner Radius, Sp-
Distance between screw & trough, Lzr-Length of the central
tube, N = Number of transitions of screw, S- Pitch of the
screw, Lb= Length of blades, γ- employment angle on blades
at outer radius, δ- employment angle on blades at inner radius,
h1- Optimum head of water, h4 - Optimum height of water at
lower end of screw, nspeed- speed of screw. For obtaining the
electrical power output the efficiency of gear box, belt drive
and generator are to be considered therefore [7]
Pe = Pm ηbd ηgb ηgen (1)
V. METHODOLOGY
A. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF TURBINE
The 3d modeling of the screw turbine is made using
Solidworks. The turbine is a three-bladed screw design, each

Figure 4. Solid works design of the screw
blade of the turbine is made up from three flights which makes
it a of nine flights as shown in Fig. 4. After estimation of
parameters and designing in Solid Works the next step was
fabrication of screw turbine. The hardware setup of the turbine
is fabricated using galvanized metal sheets of 10 guage for
central duct and 16 guage for the flights. The fabrication
process included cutting, rolling , duct fabrication , welding &
paint of the screw. The complete assembly is shown in the Fig
5.
B. IMPELEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
The speed test of the screw was performed on the site which
varied from 70 to 75 RPM due to unavailbilty of the a proper
canal and variation in water flow.
Figure 5. Speed test of the system
For the load test a 400 watts induction generator was
connected through a gearbox and belt with the turbine. A load
of 300 watts was applied sucessfully with some flickers due to
variable flow of water. The motive behind speed and load test
of the turbine was to observe the real time performance of the
system at site. It was observed that the water flow is enough to
rotate the turbine, drive shaft, gearbox and generator. There.
Figure 6. Load test of the system
were continuous variations in voltage and frequency output of
the generator due to variable speed of the water Therefore, it is
necessary to design and implement control techniques on the
system to remove flicker in output voltage and maintain
frequency at the desired level which will result in improved
power quality of the overall system.
C. MATLAB DESIGN AND SIMULATION RESULTS
The schematic arrangement of the power plant is shown in Fig
8, as observed during the load test the overall power quality
was effected due to flickers caused by variable flow of the
water. To improve the power quality a grid connected DFIG
and convertor arrangement is proposed for the system. The
converter is based on AC to DC to AC IGBT based PWM
converter with switching frequencies ranging from 1620 Hz to
2700 Hz. The DC Link is rated at 1150 V and the convertor
output is 575 VAC. The converter is rated at 30% of generator
base power. The stator winding of the generator is connected
to the grid whereas the rotor winding is connected to the
converter. This scheme is also commonly used in wind
turbines and enables the generator to extract maximum energy
out of the turbine with variable speeds. Figure 7 shows the
output voltage and current of grid connected DFIG, normally
there with be a lot of fluctuations
Figure 7. Output voltage and current of grid connected DFIG
 Figure 8. Grid Connected DFIG arrangement for improved power quality of MHPP
To supply power to the grid the frequency should be The graph at Fig 10 shows Vdc being maintained at 1150 as
maintained at 50 Hz. It can be seen in Fig 9 that the frequency the speed varies. Fig 11 shows the Active and Reactive power
is maintained constant as the speed varies from 1.4 to 1.1. of the grid connected DFIG. Initially the Active power varies
but as the generator enters the steady state the active power is
constant at 9MW and reactive power is maintained at 0
throughout the operation of the generator.

Figure 9. Speed and frequency of grid connected DFIG

To supply the desired output the DC link voltage provides the

inverter with required dc power at a constant voltage. Initially
the power fluctuates but at 0.2 the voltage settles, and smooth
DC voltage can be observed. Figure 11. Active power and reactive power of grid connected DFIG

D. POWER PLANT DESIGN CALCULATION FOR MICRO

HYDRO POWER PLANT AT WATER TREATMENT
PLANT HAYATABD PESHAWAR

With very less civil job, the screw turbine can be mounted in
this plant. The water flow rate is about 0.24 m3/sec and it is
possible to develop a head of 1.5 meters from which a single
screw can produce 1963 watts of energy. More energy
production can lead from the installation of various screws at
the treatment plant. The following table shows various design
parameters for the screw turbine at Hayatabad Peshawar.

Figure 10. Speed and DC link voltage of grid connected DFIG

 TABLE I. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT AT
HAYATABAD PESHAWAR References
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