Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Getting To Know Each Other: A B C D E
Getting To Know Each Other: A B C D E
1. GUESSING GAME. Which of the things shown in the photos does your teacher like doing?
E.g. “Maybe the teacher likes playing video games? Perhaps he doesn’t like …”
A B C D E
F G H I
2. Now your teacher will try to guess your likes and dislikes. Correct your teacher
when he guesses wrong, please.
3. Ask a classmate and tell the class about his or her likings.
4. TRIVIA ON PLACES: (the Internet can be used if needed)
a) What are the best places for walking and jogging in our city?
b) Where was chess invented?
c) Is hunting allowed in the “La quebrada de los Cuervos” reserve?
d) Where was motocross racing created?
e) Where can you find an internet café in our city?
f) Where was soccer invented?
g) Where was “mate” first drunk?
h) Where was the printing press invented?
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5. Find the two mistakes in each of the following
LOOK. The Passive Voice sentences and rewrite them correctly.
When we say what people and things
do, we use active verb forms: Dionisio A) Chess is invented many century ago
Coronel founded Treinta y Tres in
1853. …………………………………………………………………………………….
When we say what happens to people
and things (what is done to them), we B) Our parks is visit by many people.
often use passive verbs forms:
Treinta y Tres was founded in 1853.
……………………………………………………………………………………
SOME PASSIVE VERB FORMS
Simple present passive: C) The zero and chess was create by the Indians.
Spanish is spoken in Uruguay.
……………………………………………………………………………………
English and French are spoken in
Canada. D) “Mate” are also drinked in Syria and Lebanon.
Simple past passive:
……………………………………………………………………………………
Latin was spoken in ancient Rome.
Paris, London and Barcelona were E) Food is usually eat with chopstick in Asia.
founded by the Romans.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Complete these sentences with the name of the brands, the correct form of the verb “to
be” and the name of the countries related to the brands.
A) ………………………………………… ………….. (are - was - were) created in ………………………
7. WRITE A SIMILAR SENTENCE ABOUT A BRAND. READ YOUR SENTENCE TO THE CLASS WITHOUT
SAYING THE NAME OF THE BRAND SO WE CAN GUESS IT. GOOGLE THE INFO IF YOU NEED HELP.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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IMPORTANT THINGS IN OUR LIVES. 9. PAIR UP WITH A CLASSMATE AND
THINK OF OTHER IMPORTANT
8. MATCH THE ICONS WITH THE PHRASES: THINGS IN YOUR LIVES:
11. TRY TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION. WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS IN YOUR
LIFE? YOU CAN USE THESE EXPRESSIONS: I think that…, I really like…., …. isn’t important,
(not) interested in …, my priorities are, I don’t think…, perhaps… . (60 words)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. NOW SHARE SOME OF YOUR IDEAS WITH THE REST OF THE CLASS.
13. SOCIAL ISSUES. WHAT THINGS DO URUGUAYANS CARE MOST ABOUT? MAKE A LIST OF
URUGUAYAN “PRIORITIES”.
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WHAT ARE WE LIKE? WHAT THINGS DO WE LIKE AND HATE DOING? ARE WE EXACTLY LIKE THE
REST OF SOUTH AMERICA? THIS IS HOW SOME AMERICANS AND OTHER FOREIGNERS SEE US.
* The majority of the people are middle class. Uruguayans take a pragmatic and materialistic approach to life.
* Greetings are warm. They greet with a firm handshake. Friends kiss once on the right cheek when meeting.
*Uruguayans stand very close when conversing. The “ch-ch” sound is used to get someone's attention.
* People are very casual about time for social events. An invitation for 9 p.m. means to arrive by 10 p.m.
* Uruguayans dress conservatively and seldom wear the bright colors popular elsewhere in
South America.
* People are very proud of Uruguay’s soccer, music and food. They love to be asked about
their country. And remember, never confuse Paraguay and Uruguay.
15. ANSWER.
1) According to the text above, are there many rich people in Uruguay? ……………………………………………………
Verb. to enjoy something or think that it is nice or good: * We like drinking “mate”. * I like soccer.
Noun. Things you like. * Write about your likes and dislikes. And a Facebook feature: * She has 100 likes on
Facebook.
Conjunction. in the same way as (informal). * Many Argentinians speak like we do.
Adverb. (spoken) used in speech to fill a pause while you are thinking what to say next. * It was like 9 o'clock
when I got home.
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READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT ABOUT CULTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
ARGENTINA AND URUGUAY. by Nicolas Lopez Zerpa from Argentina.
The main difference is that Argentina is much larger and more diverse than
Uruguay. Uruguayan culture is very similar to that of the center-east of Argentina.
Uruguay is a secular country; it's the Latin American nation with the fewest number of
Catholics. They are more "liberal" too; marihuana, abortion and prostitution are legalized there; that would
be almost impossible in Argentina, where Catholic priests receive a salary from the National Government.
Most Argentines don't know much about Uruguay, but Uruguayans seem to know a lot about our country. I
think it's because Uruguayan media reproduces a lot of Argentine content.
That leads to another point; Argentina and Uruguay are two "brother" nations, but
Argentina is the older and bigger brother, and sometimes Uruguay suffers this
disadvantage. Uruguay tends to be economically and culturally dependent on us. For
example, the most important economic crisis in the history of Uruguay, in 2002, was
caused by an earlier crisis in Argentina.
For these reasons, Argentines see Uruguay as their little brother and truly appreciate Uruguayans.
Furthermore, a lot of Argentines are happy when Uruguay wins in football. However, the opinion of
Uruguayans about Argentina and Argentines is (justifiably) mixed.
17. TRY TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS TO SEE IF YOU HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE TEXT.
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19. AGUSTÍN IS A 40-YEAR-OLD STEREOTYPICAL URUGUAYAN. USE SOME OF THE WORDS FROM THE BOX AND
HELP YOUR TEACHER WRITE ABOUT HIM ON THE WHITEBOARD.
LIKES AND DISLIKES: "mate" - listen to folklore/rock on the radio - go to work – pasta/ roast beef for lunch - watch
some soccer on TV - play "truco" with friends - sometimes - usually - always - on the weekend - in the morning /
evening. AGUSTÍN’S POSSIBLE JOBS: clerk, taxi driver, policeman, cook, artist, grocer, mechanic, teacher, house
painter, electrician, plumber, sales attendant, businessman. LAST YEAR: Florianopolis. PLANS: visit Buenos Aires.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
HOMEWORK: WRITE A SIMILAR TEXT ABOUT A FRIEND OR RELATIVE AND SEND IT TO jjscaron@gmail.com
20. YOU ARE ABOUT TO LISTEN TO AN AMERICAN YOUTUBER INTERESTED IN KNOWING PEOPLE’S OPINION
ABOUT AN IMPORTANT ISSUE. LISTEN TO THE FIRST PART OF THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1) What is the presenter/interviewer’s name? …………………………………………………………….
2) Where is he during the interviews? …………………………………………………………………..
3) Is he asking people what they think about the British? ……………………………………………………………….
21. LISTEN TO THE SECOND PART OF THE RECORDING AND CORRECT THESE SENTENCS.
1) People say Americans are quiet. ……………………………………………………………………………..
2) A woman says Americans have good feet. …………………………………………………………………………………
3) Someone else says Americans like whisky. ……………………………………………………………………………
22. LISTEN TO THE THIRD PART OF THE RECORDING AND SELET THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. A woman says Americans are ………………………………… ( artificial – superficial – beneficial )
2. Other people say Americans like …………………………….. ( fast food – diet food – fatty food )
3. Another guy says America is the land of ……………………………… ( opportunity – unity community )
23. WHAT IS THE LAST ISSUE MENTIONED AND HOW DO EUROPEANS AND AMERICANS DIFFER IN RELATION
TO THIS TOPIC? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. TASK: WITH TWO OR THREE OF YOUR CLASSMATES, PREPARE A PRESENTATION ABOUT A WORLD
CULTURE, E.G. BRAZILIANS, THE JAPANESE, THE CHINESE, ETC. AND CONTRAST IT WITH OUR OWN CULTURE.
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UNIT 2. PHILOSOPHY ROCKS!
Epistemology: How do you know that you know what you know?
Ethics: Right and wrong in the real world.
General topics: knowledge and values. Language: Modals and reported speech.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Epistemology asks questions like: "What is knowledge?", "How is
knowledge acquired?" and "What do people know?"
What Is Knowledge? Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of particular aspects of reality.
What is truth? the property (as of a statement) of being in accord with fact or reality.
What is a belief? something that is accepted, considered to be true, or held as an opinion. Belief may or may
not be true. It is dependent on your faith and confidence in a statement.
Justification is the reason why someone properly holds a belief, the explanation as to why the belief is true.
When a claim is in doubt, justification can be used to support the claim and reduce or remove the doubt.
Justification can use empiricism (the evidence of the senses), authoritative testimony (the appeal to criteria and
authority), or reason.
FLAT EARTH IS ONE OF THE INTERNET'S STRANGEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES.
WHY DO SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE THE EARTH IS FLAT?
Claim (or assertion, or statement) and belief: the earth is flat.
Justification (or evidence): The horizon is a straight line. When you walk around
on the planet's surface, it looks and feels flat.
What things should we accept to believe in a flat earth?
• All satellite photos of Earth as a sphere should be fabrications of a "round Earth conspiracy"
orchestrated by NASA and other government agencies.
• NASA is a government hoax to hoard taxpayer money.
• The "Pac-Man effect". When a plane reaches the edge of the horizon,
such as when Pac-Man reaches the end of the screen, that plane will
teleport from one side of the planet to the other, a la Pac-Man
entering from the other side of the screen.
CONCLUSION: YouTube and the Internet are fun and great sources of
knowledge, but we must be very critical of any information we find on
the Web and carefully examine each site. Remember that most
scientists are willing to admit errors, change their minds and self-
correct when there is new evidence. That´s why science is successful.
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TASKS: Find out what other strange conspiracy theories exist on the Internet and what conspiracy theories
actually turned out to be true in history. Ask Uncle Google if you need help.
CONSPIRACY THEORIES THAT TURNED OUT TO BE TRUE.
Laughing at conspiracy theories is good fun, at least until they turn out to be true.
Conspiracy: Tobacco companies hid a nasty secret for decades.
The truth: At the beginning of the 1950s, research was
showing an indisputable statistical link between smoking and
lung cancer, but it wasn’t until the late 1990s that Philip
Morris even admitted that smoking could cause cancer.
Conspiracy: there is a link between the Illuminati CAN: possibility, ability or permission.
and the NSA (National Security Agency) We can speak English.
Smoking can cause cancer.
The truth: that “link” is actually a hyperlink (i.e., an Can I use your phone? (informal)
electronic link between two Internet sites). If you type
MAY: possibility or permission.
Illuminati backward – Itanimulli – into a web browser,
Belief may or may not be true.
you will land on the NSA website. John Fenley of Provo,
María may be in math class.
Utah, explained he chose to forward the itanimulli.com
May I come in? (formal)
domain (which he had purchased years earlier) to the
NSA’s web site as a joke. MIGHT: possibility. (lower probability than MAY)
The government might be spying on you.
1. ANSWER, PLEASE.
SHOULD: advice, suggestion or possibility.
1) What should you do when you find strange claims on the All satellite photos should be fabrications.
I think you should study for the test.
Web? ………………………………………………………………………….
MUST: obligation, deduction or certainty.
The doctor must know a lot about viruses.
……………………………………………………………………………………
You must be very critical of any information you
2) Have any conspiracy theories turned out to be true? find on the Web.
COULD: possibility, suggestion, request, past
…………………………………………………………………………………… ability.
I could skate when I was a kid.
3) Does smoking cause cancer?
Someone could use your camera to look at you.
Could I borrow your stapler?
……………………………………………………………………………………
WILL: future events, predictions, promises, etc.
4) Do you cover your phone camera with tape? I will never forget you.
That plane will teleport from one side of the
…………………………………………………………………………………… planet to the other.
5) Who created the itanimulli hyperlink? WOULD: unreal situations and past habits.
My mom would read me stories every night.
…………………………………………………………………………………… I would like to live in the Caribbean.
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2. CORRECT THE INFORMATION IN THESE SENTENCES
CORRECT THE LANGUAGE MISTAKES IN
THESE SENTENCES.
1) Tobacco companies wanted people to stop smoking.
1) Mark protect her privacy.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
2) Zuckerberg doesn´t cover his laptop camera.
2) He have create great things.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
3) John Fenley doesn´t like jokes.
3) He no make hardware.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use direct speech or
indirect speech.
direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel. indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank.
In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense
originally used (e.g. work). This is called 'backshift'. We also may need to change other words that were used,
for example pronouns. We also have to change pronouns and other words like “here”, “now” and “today” for
“there”, “then” and “that day”.
Try to report this sentence: “People who love themselves, don't hurt other people,” said Dan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. REPORT THE FOLLOWING PHILOSOPHERS´ WORDS ON THESE INTERESTING ISSUES.
1) ON DETERMINATION: “Long journeys begin with a single step.” Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) ON REVENGE: “The best revenge is not to be like your enemy.” Marcus Aurelius, emperor and stoic philosopher.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) ON FRIENDSHIP: “Friendship is the most beautiful gift of providence.” Epicurus, Greek philosopher.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
LOOK: there is no change if we express a general truth, a permanent state or something that is still relevant:
My mother said, “It gets dark earlier in winter.” My mother said that it gets dark earlier in winter.
LANGUAGE RESEARCH. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS AND GET A THUMBS UP FROM YOUR TEACHER.
How can we report sentences with “will”? “You will find the answers,” said the teacher.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
How can we report sentences with “can”? “You can help your classmates,” said the teacher.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
MOST PEOPLE CAN EASILY SEE THAT BULLYING IS WRONG, BUT THERE ARE OTHER TOPICS THAT LEAD TO STRONG
DISAGREEMENT ABOUT WHAT IS RIGHT OR WHAT IS WRONG, OR SOMETIMES WE KNOW THAT SOMETHING IS WRONG
BUT WE KEEP DOING IT; WHY IS THAT?
TASK: think of an interesting topic and find
EXAMPLES OF CONTROVERSIAL AND COMPLICATED ISSUES.
a classmate with a different viewpoint.
4. MATCH THE WORDS WITH THE CORRESPONDING IMAGES. Then do your research, prepare all the
6) TOO MUCH TIME ON THE WEB Are video games too violent for children?
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5. FIND THE NAMES OF THESE PHILOSOPHERS 6. WHO FAMOUSLY SAID…?
AND SCIENTISTS IN THE BOX. THE WORDS MAY
BE PLACED LIKE THIS: * I think, therefore I am. ……………………………..
8. LISTEN AND REPORT THE WORDS SAID BY THESE TWO FAMOUS PHILOSOPHERS.
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A GREAT BRITISH PHILOSOPHER.
John Stuart Mill was a philosopher and social reformer who had a huge impact on 19th century
thought. Mill was born in London in 1806. His father was James Mill, a Scottish philosopher who gave
his son an intensive education. Mill was a precocious child. At the age of three he was taught Greek.
By the age of eight, he had read Aesop's Fables, Herodotus and Plato. He had also studied a great deal
of history, arithmetic, physics and astronomy.
In 1822, Mill was given a job at the East India Company. His job allowed him plenty of time for writing. John suffered
from depression in his early twenties and that experience got him very interested in human happiness.
Mill believed that an action was right if it maximized the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. Mill
believed that actions are right if they promote happiness, and wrong if they produce the reverse of happiness. Mill
defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain. He defended the superiority of higher pleasures, the pleasures
of the intellect, and of morality over the lower, sensory pleasures. Mill famously said, it is better to be a human being
dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.
In 1865 he was elected as member of parliament. He was considered a radical in parliament because of his support for
equality for women and compulsory education. Mill died in 1873.
9. ANSWER
1) Where was Mill from? ………………………………………………………………………………..
2) Was Mill´s father demanding? ………………………………………………………………………….
3) At what age did Mill start to work? ……………………………………………………………………………..
4) What things were important for Mill? ………………………………………………………………………………..
5) Was he only interested in eating a lot? …………………………………………………………………………………….
10. SELECT THE CORRECT OPTION.
2) Mill … A) wanted many people to be happy. B) was only interested in his own happiness. C) loved eating pork.
11. FIND IN THE TEXT THE WORDS THAT MATCH THESE DEFINITIONS.
2) Exhibiting great intelligence and mature qualities at an unusually early age: ………………………… ( line 3)
4) The group of people elected to make a country’s laws and discuss important affairs: …………………..….…… (line 13)
12. GREAT PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS. LISTEN AND SELECT THE CORRECT OPTION.
1. Epictetus. There is only way to happiness, and that is to cease worrying about things
which are beyond the power of our …………………….. ( skill – being – will ).
2. Plato. The greatest wealth is to live content with ……………………… ( little – titles – rituals )
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A CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE; UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME (UBI).
14. ANSWER
1) Who will give us the money to continue shopping and consuming? …………………………………………………………….
1) According to its supporters, UBI will eliminate ………………………… ( dignity – poverty – equality ).
2) According to critics, UBI is wrong because every person has their particular ………….…. (needs – speeds – creeds).
Would you change your future plans if UBI existed in Uruguay? Could our government afford it?
Does it have pros and cons? Are you against or in favor of it? Would it help families? Would it make us lazy?
USEFUL VOCABULARY: I think, I believe, in my view, in my opinion, on the other hand, however, because.
REVIEW. USE THE RIGHT MODAL IN THE BLANKS. Can, may, might, should, must, could, will, would.
* You spend too many hours on the computer. I think you ……………………….. exercise more. (Giving advice)
* Your English teacher ……………………… skate when he was young, but now he can´t. (Past ability)
* Uruguay …………… organize the FIFA 2030 World Cup. But we must wait and see what happens. (Possibility)
* My phone is so slow. I ……….... really like to have a new one, but I´m a bit short of money. (Unreal situation)
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UNIT 3. HOMO DIGITALIS
01010100 01101000 01100101 00100000 01100011 01110101 01110010 01100101 00100000 01100110 01101111 01110010 00100000 01100010 01101111 01110010 01100101 01100100
01101111 01101101 00100000 01101001 01110011 00100000 01100011 01110101 01110010 01101001 01101111 01110011 01101001 01110100 01111001 00001010
The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The prehistoric discovery of how to control
fire and the later invention of agriculture increased the available sources of food, and the invention of the wheel helped
humans to travel longer distances. Other inventions like the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet have
allowed humans to interact on a global scale.
Many technological processes produce pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of the environment.
Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and they can also raise questions about topics like
automation, cloning, neurohacking, behavioral biometrics, etc.
Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it
harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-pro
gressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to the human condition.
1. ANSWER PLEASE.
Some technologies may have negative effects but imagine a world without anesthesia, toilets, running water, electricity
or taking five days to go to Montevideo. For 99% of our history, humans have had very little technology.
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3. WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THESE GADGETS?
1) ………………… 3) ………………………..
2) ……………………
4) ………………………. 5) …………………………..
4. WHERE WOULD YOU PUT THESE EVENTS ON THE TIMELINE: AGRICULTURE (AGR.), GOING TO MARS (MARS),
FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTERS (1ST DIG. COMP.), CONTROL OF FIRE (COF), WRITING (WRTG), THE INTERNET (NET.)
1.7 MILLION 10,000 B.C. 3,000 B.C. 1939 1983 AROUND 2035 (?)
YEARS AGO
5. PUT EACH TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE COLUMN CORRESPONDING TO THE MOST AFFECTED FIELD(S) OF
HUMAN ACTIVITY. Smart boards, cloning, VR, AR, robots, gene therapy, 3D printing, AI, automation.
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL: The second conditional uses the past simple after “if”, then “would” and the infinitive.
We can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining future
events or daydreaming.
She would pass the exam if she ever studied. (She never studies, so this won't happen)
We can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true.
If I had Elon´s number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
Perhaps, growing up in the 70s and 80s taught us patience, some creative problem-solving
and the skill of using our imagination. Or perhaps I just got nostalgic.
6. ANSWER.
1) Did your teacher use to play inside or outside as a child? ……………………………………………………………………..
2) Would your teacher use Instagram if he was a teen now? ……………………………………………………………………
3) Did people buy milk in plastic bags in the 70s? …………………………………………………………………
4) What technology is more reliable, MP3s or cassettes? ………………………………………………………………………..
7. CORRECT THE INFORMATION.
1) The teacher is 25 years old. (try not to use your calculator.) ……………………………………………………………..
2) You didn´t have to use your imagination in the 70s. ……………………………………………………………………….
3) Your teacher used to surf the web in the 80s. ……………………………………………………………………………….
8. WRITE ABOUT ONE OF YOUR CHILDHOOD HABITS USING THE EXPRESSION “USED TO”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. TALKING ABOUT UNLIKELY, UNREAL AND IMPOSSIBLE SITUATIONS. SELECT THE CORRECT OPTION.
* if I …………………………..……… ( didn´t have - don´t have ) a cell phone, I would get very bored.
Jill would buy … A) a nice house. B) a new car. C) clothes and bags.
LOOK:
She loves … A) the coast. B) the mountains. C) the countryside.
I would fly = I´d fly.
Jill would also … A) go to the disco. B) buy a castle. C) travel. We would buy a house =
Gary would … A) give to charity. B) help his parents. C) help his friends. We´d buy a house.
13. LISTEN TO PHOEBE AND CHANDLER FROM THE SITCOM FRIENDS ANSWERING THIS QUESTION:
What would you want if you were omnipotent for a day?
14. Answer please. What would you do if you were omnipotent for a day?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. USE THESE WORDS IN THE FOLLOWING CHAIN OF EVENTS: buy - had - get - play
If I found a job in the summer, I could ……………. some extra money, if I ………………. more money, I would
…………….. a new computer. If I had a newer computer, I could …………. games with better graphics.
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Used to expresses the idea that something was an THE IMPORTANCE OF BINARY CODE
old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that Every time we talk on the phone or use our
something was often repeated in the past, but it is
computers to surf the Internet, watch a video, create
not usually done now.
a document or listen to music, our devices interpret
• We used to watch Dragon Ball and say
a flow of electrons as zeros (switch off, low voltage)
Kamehameha when we were kids.
• We used to play on the bouncy castle. and ones (switch on, high voltage).
• I used to go to high school no. 3. Then our computers or phones transform the 0s and
• Christine used to eat meat, but now she is a
1s into all the words, images and sounds we need to
vegetarian.
work, communicate or have fun on our devices.
We can also use used to for past states.
Binary is very simple, elegant and efficient.
• My uncle used to be a soccer player.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH. PROS AND CONS Source: https://ontheline.org.au/
18. WRITE THE HEADING THAT MATCHES THE INFORMATION IN EACH PARAGRAPH. THEN WRITE
THE WORDS “PRO” AND “CON” IN THE GRAY AREAS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WHETHER EACH
PARAGRAPH MENTIONS A POSITIVE OR A NEGATIVE ASPECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA.
HEADINGS: Combats loneliness, Causes low self-esteem, Raises awareness, Fake news, Cyberbullying, Loneliness
While social media has provided us with access to more information than ever before, there are both positive and
negative implications of our use of this technology.
…………………………………………………………. Every day, more people are using social media to make a
positive difference in the world.
………………………………………………………….. A survey has found that people who spent more time on social
media every day felt lonelier than those who checked their social media less.
…………………………………………………………. Many people only show the best aspects of their lives and
personalities. When we spend too much time looking at this improved image of other people, we may feel
inadequate. This often leads to severe psychological and physical issues like low self-confidence and
negative body image.
………………………………………………………….. Issues like online harassment and trolling are huge contributing
factors to feelings of anxiety and depression. Online harassment is the use of technology to harass and
intimidate someone else and according to a recent study, this behavior is linked to depression and suicide
among teenagers.
Social Media – what’s the verdict? To ensure that you get the benefits out of social media while avoiding the negative
implications, it’s important to limit your time using it. While social media enables us to build meaningful relationships,
it’s important to know about the negative implications that social media can have on our overall mental wellbeing.
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19. CORRECT THE MISTAKES IN THIS TEXT.
My name is Andrea and I’am from in Treinta y Tres. I born in 2004. I had normal
childhood. I went school no. 2 my favorite teacher is María. As a girl, I like play
I really likes play football and chat in the Internet. I play in Olimareñas, a local
team. If I don´t play soccer I would be very bored. My favorite social networking site
Instagram. You can sharing photo and videos in Instagram. You can creating short
videos and share it to your friends. I try to no spend all day in the computer That´s
20. I AM INTERESTED IN KNOWING YOUR OPINION ABOUT ONE OF THESE TOPICS: your relationship
with social media, cultured meat, meat substitutes, gaming, robot friendship, the world in 50 years.
WRITE A SHORT TEXT (80 to 120 words) AND SEND IT TO jjscaron@gmail.com
21. UNDERLINE THE EIGHT MISTAKES IN THIS TEXT ABOUT ELON MUSK.
Elon Musk have many companies and projects. Her spaceflight company, SpaceX,
handles cargo transport for the International Space Station and Tesla Motors produce
Elon is also interesting in Artificial Intelligence. In 2015 he found the company OpenAI with the mission of
advancing digital intelligence to benefit humanity. Additionally, Musk is backing a venture called Neuralink,
which intends to create devices to be implant in the human brain and help people merge with software.
"My goals," he tweet in early 2017, "are to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy and to help
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PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT VIEWS ON TECHNOLOGY.
THE AMISH
The Amish are a group of traditionalist Christians. They live in the USA and Canada. Amish are
known for simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt modern technology. Bearing
children, raising them, and socializing with neighbors and relatives are the greatest functions of
the Amish family. Eliminating public power from the home prevents the temptation of using
television, radio, and the internet in the home.
THE JAPANESE
The Japanese really like technology. Many of them have a digital pet called The Tamagotchi and one
of the most important pop stars in the country is the holographic star Hatsune Miku. Their trains have
reached a speed of more than 600 km/h and their robots already work at industries and help people
at companies and in their homes.
TRANSHUMANISTS
Transhumanists embrace technological progress for the purpose of eliminating death, disease
and involuntary suffering. Transhumanists are in favor of using prosthetics that serve to replace
damaged organic limbs, artificial hearts and vision and hearing implants.
22. ANSWER PLEASE.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) (Personal question) Would you prefer to spend one month with the Amish or with the Japanese? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) (Question about values) What things are important for the Amish? …………………………………………………………………
6) (Another personal question) Would you become a cyborg and live forever? ……………………………………………
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24. CROSSWORD (mostly about technology) ACROSS: 1) The study of the nature and behavior of
natural things. 6) Initialism of amplitude modulation.
1 2 3 4 5
7) Information, especially in a computational context.
8) All human; normal humans in stories. 9) A powerful
6 7 8 narrow beam of light that can be used to perform
medical operations. 11) An underground bunker used to
9 10 11 12 hold missiles. 13) Someone who wants to use
technology to transcend the limitations of the human
13 14 mind and body. 15) Initialism of evolutionary algorithm.
16) Nebraska. 17) Information technology.
18) Preposition, used to indicate location.
15 16
20) Lieutenant. 22) A person who votes. 24) Shortened
form of Abraham. 27) A video-sharing website.
17 18 19 20 21
DOWN: 1) A digital television (two words, but don´t use
the space) 2) The distinguishing character or personality
22 23 24 25 26 of an individual. 3) The organ of hearing and equilibrium
in vertebrates (plural). 4) Not formal (clothing). 5) An
27 electrical system that you use to talk to someone else in
another place. 6) A modifier key (on your keyboard).
8) …. Turing, the father of theoretical computer science.
10) Initialism of special agent. 12) Initialism of
25. FIND 8 WORDS RELATED TO COMPUTERS IN THE Information Management. 14) Pronoun (a male
BOX. THE WORDS MAY BE PLACED LIKE THIS: person). 19) Prefix, new. 21)The letter T in the Greek
alphabet. 23) Russia. 25) Initialism of BlackBerry.
26) Electrical engineering.
E B S I N T R E M O TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY.
H A O L M W S O T R 26. WRITE THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES NEXT
B S F O B R I H R E TO THEIR OPPOSITES: ancient, new, advanced,
digital, polluting, expensive.
E P T I T O N M I C
E E W L A P T O P T Primitive: ……………………………….………..
K R A W D W E U T P Analog: ………………………………….…….
I D R I V E R S I A Modern: …………………………….……..
R O E J S K N E M T
Clean/green: ……………………..……..
G H S C R E E N N B
Cheap: …………………………………
X A N E E G T F Y H
Old: ………………………………….
A SHORT REVIEW
UNREAL SITUATIONS
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4. MOVE YOUR BODY, BUDDY. AND EAT YOUR VEGGIES.
GENERAL TOPIC: HEALTH
LANGUAGE POINTS: PRESENT PERFECT. FUTURE FORMS.
4. A) COMPLETE THE NAMES OF THESE FOODS. B) USE THE CIRCLES TO INDICATE WHETHER EACH TYPE OF
FOOD IS HEALTHY H OR UNHEALTHY U AND THEN DRAW A SMILEY IF YOU THINK THAT FOOD IS
YUMMY OR A SAD FACE IF YOU THINK THE FOOD IS YUCKY.
1. __ __ __ __ __ 5. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
2. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6. __ __ __ __
3. __ __ __ __ __ 7. __ __ __ __ __
4. __ __ __ __ __ __ 8. __ __ __ __
An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Treinta y Tres since I
was born. (… and I still do.)
An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the cinema twice this week.
(the week isn't over yet.)
A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited Brazil several times.
An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. I have just finished my homework.
An action when the time is not important. He has read 'Harry Potter'. (The result of his reading is important)
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5. FOOD & DRINK EXPERIENCES. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES ABOUT YOUR LIFE WITH HAVE, HAVEN´T (OR
HAVE NEVER) AND THE VERBS EAT (EATEN) AND DRINK (DRUNK).
1) I …………………………………………..…. insects.
6. WRITE TWO SENTENCES ABOUT INTERESTING FOOD & DRINK EXPERIENCES THAT YOU HAVE HAD.
USE THE WORDS “EATEN” AND “DRUNK”. THEN SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCES WITH THE CLASS.
1) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
COMPLETE USING THE WORDS: ALREADY,
WORDS COMMONLY USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT:
JUST, YET, EVER, FOR AND SINCE.
Already means something has happened sooner than
1) The teacher says, “Have you finished it
we expected:
“The movie only came out yesterday, but I have already ………….……?” The student says, “No, sorry, I’ve
seen it.” …………..…. started.”
Just means “a short time ago”: 2) I've ……..…. drunk three coffees this morning.
“I have just seen your brother in the square!” (and you're offering me another one!)
Yet is used in questions and negative sentences. 3) Have you ………………… travelled by plane?
It means 'something is expected to happen':
4) I haven´t visited Machu Pichu ……………… .
“Have you finished your homework yet?”
“No, I haven't finished it yet.”
5) We have studied English …………………
Ever means 'at any time', the specific time is unknown primary school.
or unnecessary. Ever is used in questions:
6) She has …………...…….. been to Argentina, but
“Have you ever met a famous person?”
she hasn´t been to Chile ………… .
We use for to talk about a period of time.
7) We have known our teacher ……………. six or
“We have worked for 2 hours.”
seven months.
We use since to talk about a specific point in time, or a
8) Are you all right? You look like you have
time when the action started (last year, 9 o'clock...)
“We have learnt English here since March.” ………………. seen a ghost!
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8. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DISTINGUISHES BETWEEN THE LIVE
ANIMAL AND THE DEAD ANIMAL ON YOUR PLATE. WRITE THE Chickens (Gallus domesticus) are
NAMES OF THE ANIMALS AND THE MEATS IN THE RIGHT COLUMNS: domestic birds that cannot fly.
2) B) Chick
1) …………… A) ………..
3) C) Hen
The World Health Organization has classified processed meats including ham, bacon,
salami and hot dogs as a Group 1 carcinogen. That means that there’s strong evidence
that processed meats cause cancer. Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, has been SALAMI
classified as a Group 2A carcinogen which means it probably causes cancer.
So, should we stop eating meat? Eating meat has known health benefits. WHO advises
people to limit intake of processed meat and red meat. (sources: Cancer Council, Australia
and WHO)
SAUSAGES
MORE ON MEAT
Meat is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals in your diet. However, if you currently eat more than 90g
of red and processed meat a day, the Department of Health advises that you cut down to 70g.
Meats such as chicken, pork, lamb and beef are all rich in protein. A balanced diet can include protein from meat,
as well as from non-animal sources such as beans.
Some meats are high in fat, especially saturated fat. Eating a lot of saturated fat can raise cholesterol levels in the
blood, and having high cholesterol raises your risk of heart disease.
Red meat provides us with iron, and meat is also one of the main sources of vitamin B12.
Source NHS (National Health service, United Kingdom.)
9. TRY TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFORMATION WE HAVE JUST READ.
1) Which meat is healthier, red meat or processed meat? ………………………………………………………………
2) Does WHO recommend that you stop eating meat? ……………………………………………………………………
3) Besides meat, where else can you find protein? …………………………………………………………………………
4) According to NHS, is it OK to eat half a kilo of hot dogs a day? …………………………………………………..
5) What organ of our bodies can cholesterol affect? ………………………………………………………………………
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QUIZ: HOW HEALTHY ARE YOU? CIRCLE YOUR ANSWERS.
How much milk have you drunk in the last three days? 0 lt. 1 cup/glass 2 cups or more
How many liters of water have you drunk in the last three days? 0 1 2 or more
BETWEEN 5 AND 14 YOU ARE NOT MR. OR MISS HEALTHY BUT YOU ARE DOING WELL.
10. CHOOSE THE MOST SUITABLE HEADING FOR EACH PARAGRAPH: GUILT-FREE FOOD - MORE NUTRITIOUS FOOD –
REDUCED ANIMAL SUFFERING – CHANGING THE WAY “WE” COOK - PERSONALIZED NUTRITION
………………………………………………………………. By 2030, genetics and biomolecular science will allow us to engineer crops
so that they provide nutrients they currently don't. Poor people in developing nations will have access to more and
better food.
……………………………………………….. A short-term solution to our unhealthy diets is to re-engineer calorific ‘junk’ food to
have less fat, sugar, salt and fewer calories, while still giving the same satisfaction and achieving the same flavor.
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We use WILL when we think or believe something about FUTURE "GOING TO". We use "going to" to talk
the future. (Prediction) about plans and intentions. "Going to"
emphasizes your present intention or decision:
Manufacturers will create new products and flavors.
I am going to eat out on Friday.
The President will not be re-elected at the next election.
Are you going to dance on Saturday?
We also use WILL to make an offer, a promise or a
threat: She’s going to prepare some salad for lunch.
To talk about your future plans and intentions use He's going to travel to Argentina in July.
"GOING TO":
She isn't going to come to the party.
I'm going to have pasta for dinner.
We are going to study for the test.
My mom isn´t going to cook tomorrow.
They aren't going to watch a movie.
"GOING TO" is especially used in an informal style.
11. THE FUTURE OF SPORT. USE “WILL”, “WON´T” OR “AM/IS/ARE (NOT) GOING TO”
DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT IN EACH SENTENCE.
2) According to USA Today: Soccer ……………………. be the most popular sport in the USA because our country
has a large and growing Latino population.
3) Some people think that sports ……………..………… be divided into “enhanced” and natural leagues.
5) USA Today: E-sports ……………………………… increase in popularity and celebrity gamers ……………………...
challenge traditional sports stars for adulation.
6) People ………………………………….. stop watching sports on TV or on the Internet because we love comfort.
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY TRIES TO ANSWER INTERESTING QUESTIONS. (Warning: biology is often too blunt.)
Why do people (especially children) like playing games and sports? ANSWER: To develop or rehearse skills that
are critical to survival. Play provides animals with learning opportunities by simulating the actual experience. For
example, chase play—games like tag and hide-and-seek–may build the stamina, speed, and agility that, in ancestral
human environments, was needed to outrun and outmaneuver predators. Yes, lions used to eat humans!
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12. LISTEN TO A PHONE CONVERSATION AND ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
“I was wondering” means
you are curious or that you
1) Who are talking on the phone? ………………………………………………………………………
have a wish to
2) What has happened to the man? …………………………………………………………………… know about
something.
3) Where did the man go in the morning? ………………………………………………………….
A cast is a covering made of
4) Is the man going to play tennis the next day? ……………………………………………….. plaster that is put around
part of someone's body,
5) Has the man told Amy yet? …………………………………………………………………………… forming a hard case
to protect them
13. LISTEN AGAIN AND SELECT THE CORRECT OPTION. while a broken
bone repairs itself.
1) The man was just about to … A) phone Jenny. B) phone the doctor.
3) The doctor says the cast needs to stay on for … A) a few more days. B) a few more weeks.
The World Health Organization, or WHO, has the following advice to protect yourself from being infected with
the coronavirus or other flu-like diseases. We can try to anticipate what the recording is about to say.
* Make sure that you cover your ………………………………..…… with your elbow when you ……………………………….……
1 2 3 4 5
PRESENT PERFECT CROSSWORD
ACROSS 1) I have never ………………….. (see) a UFO. 6 7
4) To perform (also, an auxiliary verb.). 6) Taking place in the air.
(also, elevated). 8) One plus one. 9) North Dakota. 8 9
10) A person who plays recorded music.
12) From a specified time in the past. 10 11 12
13) Up to the present. Have you finished ……. ?
14) Said when hesitating in speech. 13 14
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