Report On Solar E Vehicle Charging Station

A PROJECT REPORT ON SOLAR E VEHICLE
CHARGING STATION
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Dr. S. & S.S. GHANDHY COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MAJURA GATE, SURAT
1|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

REPORT ON SOLAR E VEHICLE CHARGING STATION
SEMESTER :- 6th SEMESTER
 GROUP MEMBERS :
1. 196120309519 -HALLORE HEMANT
2. 196120309530 - MISHRA ABHIJIT
3. 196120309551 -PATEL TANAY
4. 196120309561 -SAIDEEP RATHOD
5. 196120309577 -VALHE DIVYESH KUMAR
GUIDED BY :-
MRS.HIRAL SHAH
Submitted to
Gujarat Technological university
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for project-
The Diploma of engineering
In
Electrical engineering

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CERTIFICATE
This is to certifiy that SAIDEEP B. RATHOD
(196120309561), final year diploma electrical engineering
have submitted and presented project report as per the
guidelines of Gujarat techonological university on “SOLAR
E VEHICLE CHARGING STATION”. The work done by them
is found satisfactory.
DATE OF SUBMISSION
__/__/2022
GUIDED BY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Mrs.H.M.SHAH Mrs.K.B.MEHTA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are greatly thankful to DR. S. & S.S. GHANDHY COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SURAT for giving us the opportunity to
develop this project. Than our humble thanks to all professors and staff
members of our college for co-operation and keep interest extended by
them throughout our diploma engineering course. This is the base that
they have built, which sustains such a good job.
We deploy our gratitude FOR project guidance to Mrs.K.B.MEHTA (H.O.D)

AND Mrs.H.M.SHAH and other faculty members for their kind help
throughout this project ensures no words to express our gratitude to our
guides and other faculties without their moral support and
encouragement.
We take this opportunity to thank all lecturers who have directly or

indirectly helped in our project. We pay our respect and love to our parents
and all other family members and friends for their love and encouragement
throughout their careers. Last but not the least we express our thanks to
our friends for their cooperation and support

 INDEX
CHEAPTER CONTENT PAGE NO.
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 7
2 BACKGROUND 10
THEORIES
3 BLOCK DIAGRAM 13
4 CIRCUIT 15
DIAGRAM
5 LIST OF 17
COMPONENT
6 DISCRIPTION OF 19
COMPONENT
7 COST OF 31
COMPONENTS
8 ADV.& 33
DISADVANTAGE
S
9 FUTURE SCOPE 36
10 CONCLUTION 38
11 REFERENCES 40
 Abstract
 An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power

supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design
of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that
forecasts total power output under particular conditions
of Ankara city. First PV cell parameters are determined
and then PV array formed including cells designed in
order to calculate cumulative effect. Using actual
irradiation and temperature values we try to catch an
approximation of output power for the future needs.
 This project will look into how to create an efficiently-

operated solar powered electric vehicle charger. The
solar panel will harvest energy from the sun that will be
stored a battery pack to be readily available to charge an
electric vehicle. These stations could be commercialized
to be located along a highway, or personalized for a in-
house installation.

CHAPTER NO.1
INTRODUCTION
 Introduction
 Presently, developing new types of energy conversion and storage
systems is becoming evident because of increasing human population and
thus greater reliance on energy-based devices for survival. Due to the
rapid increase in the world population and economic expansion
geometrically, this is bringing about rapidly diminishing fossil fuels and
the continuouslygrowing environmental concerns as greenhouse gas
emissions. Furthermore with the technological advancements in this
modern era, more electronic devices are being used to replace manpower
thus leading to a further increasein energy consumption.
 Energy obtained from the suns radiations when in contact with the
earth’s atmosphere and or surface as irradiances is called solar energy.
Presently, this is known by humans to be the prime renewable energy in
existence till date, the energy produced in day is able of sustaining
mankind even when traditional energy sources gets finished. This readily
available environmentally friendly energy source can easily be obtain via
series of methods as photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, artificial
photosynthesis, solar heating and also solar architecture[1]. Research
works have shown that at the core of the sun, the solar energy is in form
of nuclear energy brought about by continues fusion between hydrogen
and helium atoms each second. Thus as a result of this, it radiates out
close to 3.8×1026 joules of solar energy each second[1].
 With the free and abundant solar irradiances that provides enormous
times more energy to the Earth than we consume, photovoltaic processes
ensures that not only sustainable but greater efficiency and reliability to
access electrical power for charging electric cars anywhere around the
world without environmental pollution.

 With little upkeep, viable approach to self-charging of electric cars
wherever need via photovoltaic processes. Its our focus area our
Conceptual design based on harnessing solar energy to charge electric
cars Will not only make the region eco-friendly but also increase the solar
energy Availability but also encourage the masses to switch their choices
from Traditional cars to electric cars using solar electric power.The
research work begins with a background study where related works Were
reviewed. Then, in chapter three, we present the problem statement, our
Objectives and main contributions. Furthermore, we present description
of Our system design and implementations in chapter four. In chapter
five, we Present our conclusion and (or) recommendations. Finally we end
the work with references, appendices and list of figures.
(PICTURE OF WORKING PROJECT)

CHAPTER NO.2
Background Theories
10 | D R . S & S S G H A N D H Y C O L L A G E O F E N G I N E E R I N G A N D
TECHNOLOGY
 Background Theories
 Reviews Based on Topic of Study
 The negative impacts on climate change on humane lives is already being

Experienced and felt in most parts of the word. This has led to leading
global Economies and other stakeholders stressing on the importance of
Renewable energies and immediate reduction of environmental
pollutants. Other researchers argue that renewable energies do not
completely stop Climate change whereas some stress that it’s not the
only option but a Necessary condition for a greener future .Apart from
reducing climate Change effect, renewable energies also have greater
preferences to other Energy sources. These renewable energy sources are
not only reliable but also Provide greater security due to their continuous
availability relatively cost Effective than other traditional energy sources
and also creates more jobs And improves economic growth relatively .
 .Research work on how electric cars can be charged using both solar and
Wind energy has been going on in the past .Here they based their Idea on
obtaining the various energy sources mainly by forecasting which
Depends on both time and weather of a particular location. That is they
stated That forecasting the future weather conditions will give them the
idea on what Energy to generate and save for the car to use in future. But
forecast based on Climatic conditions is mostly never accurate or exact.
So, this might bring About shortages or no energy to power the car.
Building a design that Conceptually show how solar energy can be easily
harnessed, stored and Utilise have not been fully researched on and also
considered more realistic To operate.
 As more electric vehicles use the grid for power Supply, it is decreases for
power to be used for home consumption and other Activities. This brings
about imbalance in distribution thus providing poor Power factor and
TECHNOLOGY
power net instability. Though tighter controls are were put In place , using
solar energy with unlimited power supply will serve as Better option since
electric cars will be encouraged more to be used and also providing
greener environment.
 Research on solar cells being integrated into electric vehicles to supply

Solar energy has been carried out in the past as well , though they
aargued. That the energy generated by the intergraded PV cells can be
used only when The battery’s capacity is below optimum. Though it’s a
sustainable approach, The capacity of the cars battery saturation point
limits the solar energy capture Of the cars PV setup. Also since the car
mostly in motion, to optimise the Energy capture will involve smarter and
well advanced system embedded Into the car, thus costly to operate.to
reduce this complexity and cost is Simply to use charging via solar panel
from a parking lot which is easier and More convenient.
Review Based on System Design

 The conceptual design we developed guided us to understand the
Problems and thus providing a guide to solutions [18]. The design
consisted Of 6 sub-systems(solar panel, micro controller, storage
battery ,inverters, AC Net and car battery showing how their specific and
unique choices were Linked to achieve our objective on charging electric
cars using solar energy We concentrated on how to design modified
parking and charging lots.
 Since this project describes conceptually how to charge a car using solar
Energy, on this section on literature review we will dwell on research
works On each of the subsystems and how they are interrelated.
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER NO.3
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER NO. 4
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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CHAPTER NO.5
LIST OF COMPONENTS
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 LIST OF COMPONENTS–
1. The Solar Panel System

2. The Micro Controller
3. 12vBattery
4. Voltage sensor
5. Relay
6. Step Down Transformer
7. Arduino Nano
8. Charger
9. RC552 rfid reader
10. 12v adaptor
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER NO.6
DISCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
TECHNOLOGY
 The Solar Panel System
 The sun has been playing numerous roles in humane existence. Not only
Supplying energy and light to earth but also used to understand how the
other Areas of universe interact .With over 6.3*10^11 watts/sq. meter of
solar Radiation produced constantly in the form of rays.as these rays
spread from The sun’s surface their intensity reduce and upon getting to
planet earth theRays becomes parallel in nature.
 A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module or just
solar panel is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework
for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to
generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a
PV panel, and a system of PV panels is called an array. Arrays of a
photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment. The
solar panel shown in fig.2.
Fig.2.SOLAR PANEL
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The Micro Controller
 In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less

sophisticated than, a system on a chip (SoC). An SoC may include a
microcontroller as one of its components, but usually integrates it with
advanced peripherals like a graphics processing unit (GPU), a Wi-Fi
module, or one or more coprocessors.
 Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and
devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical
devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys
and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to
a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output
devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even
more devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common,
integrating analog components needed to control non-digital electronic
systems. In the context of the internet of things, microcontrollers are an
economical and popular means of data collection, sensing and actuating
the physical world as edge devices.
TECHNOLOGY
Storage Batteries
 Batteries in solar applications ought to meet the demands of unstable grid
Energy, that isheavy charging and discharging cycles and also irregular full
Recharging. There’s a variety of battery types fitted for these
uniqueRequirements. Main subgroups of storage batteries for solar
energies Reviewed by others include flow batteries, lithium ion batteries
and Lead acid batteries. Considerations for choosing a battery included
the Storage capacity which total energy actually stored with respect to
that Retrieved, power transmission rate which is time required to extract
the Energy stored, discharge time based on the maximum time the
battery Takes to discharge , efficiency as in implying rate of energy
released to That stored as in, cycling capacity that’s the number of times
that the Battery discharges as designed after successively recharged , cost
based On both operational and investment expenses over the lifespan of
the set Storage battery ,disposal effects considering the environmental
impact Of the storage battery after its life cycle completion , and finally
the self-Discharge rate of the battery in that the rate at which the battery
discharges While idling .
Fig.4.Storage Batteries
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 Voltage sensor
 A voltage sensor is a sensor used to calculate and monitor the amount of

voltage in an object. Voltage sensors can determine the AC voltage or DC
voltage level. The input of this sensor is the voltage, whereas the output
is the switches, analog voltage signal, a current signal, or an audible
signal.Sensors are devices that can sense or identify and react to certain
types of electrical or optical signals. The implementation of a voltage
sensor and current sensor techniques have become an excellent choice
for the conventional current and voltage measurement methods.
Fig.5.VOLTAGE SENSOR
TECHNOLOGY
 Relay:
 A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input
terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating
contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in
multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.
 5V Relay
 What is an electronic brick? An electronic brick is an electronic module
which can be assembled like Lego bricks simply by plugging in and pulling
out. Compared to traditional universal boards and circuit modules
assembled with various electronic components, electronic brick has
standardized interfaces, plug and play, simplifying construction of
prototype circuit on one’s own. There are many types of electronic bricks,
and we provide more than twenty types with different functions including
buttons, sensors, Bluetooth modules, etc, whose functions cover from
sensor to motor drive, from Ethernet to wireless communication via
Bluetooth, and so on.
TECHNOLOGY
Fig.6.RELAY
 Step Down Transformer
 A step-down transformer is a type of transformer that converts the high

voltage (HV) and low current from the primary side of the transformer to
the low voltage (LV) and high current value on the secondary side of the
transformer. The reverse of this is known as a step up transformer.
Fig.7.STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

TECHNOLOGY
 16x2 LCD display
 This is a 16x2 LCD display screen with I2C interface. It is able to display
16x2 characters on 2 lines, white characters on blue background. Usually,
Arduino LCD display projects will run out of pin resources easily,
especially with Arduino Uno. And it is also very complicated with the wire
soldering and connection. This I2C 16x2 Arduino LCD Screen is using an I2C
communication interface. It means it only needs 4 pins for the LCD
display: VCC, GND, SDA, SCL. It will save at least 4 digital/analog pins on
Arduino. All connectors are standard XH2.54
Fig.8.16×2 LCD DISPLAY
TECHNOLOGY
 Arduino
 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use
hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs – light on
a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message – and turn it into an
output – activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions
to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing.
 Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide
community of makers – students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and
professionals – has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible
knowledge that can be of great help to novices and experts alike.
TECHNOLOGY
Fig. 9. ARDUINO
 Rc552Rfid reader
The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522
controller from NXP semiconductors. The module can supports I2C, SPI and
UART and normally is shipped with a RFID card and key fob. It is commonly
used in attendance systems and other person/object identification
applications.
 RC522 Features
 13.56MHz RFID module
 Operating voltage: 2.5V to 3.3V
 Communication : SPI, I2C protocol, UART
 Maximum Data Rate: 10Mbps
 Read Range: 5cm
 Current Consumption: 13-26mA
 Power down mode consumption: 10uA (min)
TECHNOLOGY
 12v adapter
 Specifications:
 Input Voltage: 150V to 285V AC, 50/60Hz
 Output Voltage: 12V DC
 Output Current: 1 Amp (Max.)
 Output Wattage: 12 Watt (Max.)
 Features:
 BIS Approved
 Highly Integrated SMPS Switcher I.C Design
 Surge Protection, Over Temperature Protection
 Over Current, Over Voltage & Over Load Protection
 High-efficiency, low energy Consumption
 Low Ripple Voltage (mV P-P): <5%
 Works under low voltages and protects high voltage where linear fails
 Small size Plug In Type.
 Output DC Plug size 5.5×2.1mm (Grip Tag DC Pin)
TECHNOLOGY
 Applications:
 CCTV Camera/ DVR.
 WLL/ SET-TOP Box.
 LED Products (LED Strip light, etc).
 Other Electronic Equipments
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER NO.7
COST OF MATERIAL
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COST OF MATERIAL
SR.NO NAME COST PER TOTAL

UNIT COST
1. SOLAR PANEL (18V) 3000/- 3000/-
2. ARDINO NANO 770/- 770/-
3. STORAGE BATTERIES 750/- 750/-
4. RELAY(5V) 99/- 99/-
5. 16*2 LCD DISPLAY 250/- 250/-
6. RC 522 RFID READER 300/- 300/-
7. LM 259 DC TO DC 185/- 185/-
CONVERTOR
8. 12V ADAPTER 250/- 250/-
9. BOARD 70/- 70/-
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10. OTHER ITEMS 500/- 500/-
TOTAL COST=6174/-
CHAPTER NO. 8
ADVANTAG & DISADVANTAGE
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 ADVANTAGE:
I. Reduce or even eliminate your fuel costs.

II. Reduce car emissions to help the environment.
III. Become energy independent.
IV. Lower fuel cost and reduced/zero CO2 emission due to
charging of EV from a renewable source like PV.
V. EV battery doubles up as an energy storage for the PV,
thereby removing the need for a separate storage device.
VI. Electric cars are entirely charged by the electricity you
provide, meaning you don’t need to buy any gas ever
again.
VII. Other expensive engine work is a thing of the past.
Therefore, the maintenance cost of these cars has come
down.
TECHNOLOGY
VIII. Electric cars put a curb on noise pollution as they are
much quieter. Electric motors are capable of providing
smooth drive with higher acceleration over longer
distances.
 DISADVANTAGE :
I. Electric fuelling stations are still in the development

stages.
II. As EVs are very new, you may be surprised when you
take a look at the sticker price for EVs. Even the more
affordable brands can be around $30,000 to $40,000.
III. Electric cars can also be a hassle on your energy bill if
you’re not considering the options carefully.
IV. While it takes a couple of minutes to fuel your gasoline-
powered car, an electric car takes about 4-6 hours and
sometimes even a day to get fully charged.
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER NO. 9
FUTURE SCOPE
TECHNOLOGY
 FUTURE SCOPE
 The project successfully achieved the initial project aim of

studying the influence electric vehicle adoption would have on
the Findhorn Ecovillage electrical supply/demand, including
additional scope creep which allowed investigation into
additional generation capacity to mitigate the effects of
increased demand. The following have been identified by the
team as recommended future work:
 Detailed financial analysis considering the fluctuating grid

import/export prices and lifetime costs of additional
generation.
 It is our recommendation that a more detailed charging
strategy can be explored in conjunction with the financial
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analysis to determine the most cost-effective charging
scenario.
CHAPTER NO.10
CONCLUSION
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 CONCLUSION:
 Surplus, Grid Imports and Demand met by Generation

percentages for controlled and uncontrolled charging scenarios
are almost the same for each adoption rate.
 Ecovillage is expected that it will be net importer at 50% EV
adoption scenario. In the most extreme case of 100% of EV
adoption, mitigation should be implemented to remain net
exporter for this adoption rate.
 During the summer, a complimentary source of energy
generation is required.
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CHAPTER NO.11
REFERENCES
TECHNOLOGY
 REFERENCES
 https://components101.com/wireless/rc522-rfid-module
 https://components101.com/microcontrollers/arduino-nano
 https://etstore.in/index.php/product/erd-12v-1amp-adaptor/
 https://www.elprocus.com/lcd-16x2-pin-configuration-and-its-
working/
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY

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A PROJECT REPORT ON SOLAR E VEHICLE

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Dr. S. & S.S. GHANDHY COLLEGE OF

1|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

2|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

3|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

We are greatly thankful to DR. S. & S.S. GHANDHY COLLEGE OF

We deploy our gratitude FOR project guidance to Mrs.K.B.MEHTA (H.O.D)

We take this opportunity to thank all lecturers who have directly or

4|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

 An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power

 This project will look into how to create an efficiently-

6|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

8|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

(PICTURE OF WORKING PROJECT)

9|DR.S&SS GHANDHY COLLAGE OF ENGINEERINGAND TECHNOLOGY

 Reviews Based on Topic of Study

 The negative impacts on climate change on humane lives is already being

 Research on solar cells being integrated into electric vehicles to supply

Review Based on System Design

1. The Solar Panel System

 In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less

 A voltage sensor is a sensor used to calculate and monitor the amount of

 Step Down Transformer

 A step-down transformer is a type of transformer that converts the high

Fig.7.STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

Fig.8.16×2 LCD DISPLAY

SR.NO NAME COST PER TOTAL

I. Reduce or even eliminate your fuel costs.

I. Electric fuelling stations are still in the development

 The project successfully achieved the initial project aim of

 Detailed financial analysis considering the fluctuating grid

 Surplus, Grid Imports and Demand met by Generation

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