Experiment 4 Student’s Manual

American International University- Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE 4214: Industrial Electronics Laboratory

Title: Ramp Control of a Single Phase Half Converter

Abstract:
This lab session is subjected to make the students understand the implementation of ramp control
scheme for half converter. The main objective of this experiment is to observe the ramp control of
a single phase half converter.

Introduction:
The experiment is an excellent practical realization of a ramp control for a single-phase half
converter. A similar circuit will be simulated using PSIM v9.1.1 circuit simulation tool to get
theoretical understanding of it. After that, it will be implemented in the lab.

Theory and Methodology:

Fig 1: Ramp generation circuit and necessary waveforms

Fig.1 shows a ramp generation circuit which can be used to provide gate pulses for operating an
SCR. Usually a control circuit requires low power for its operation. So, a transformer is used to step
down the available ac voltage of 220 V. The sinusoidal waveform of secondary is converter to pulse
signal by comparator 1. Capacitor (C ) is charged during the positive pulse of the comparator 1 by
R1. The capacitor discharges by D2, R2 and R1 during zero output of the comparator 1. To reduce
the discharge time the resistance R2 (R2<<R1) is added using D2 which remains OFF during
positive pulse of comparator 1. So, a ramp output is generated across the capacitor. This ramp is
compared with a reference voltage to generate gate pulses using comparator 2. Reference signal is
changed to vary the delay angle of the generated gate pulse (Reference voltage must be less than the
peak of ramp for proper delay angle control). The necessary waveforms are shown in Fig.1.

Pre-Lab Homework:
Students should follow the theory class and lab manual before coming to the laboratory.

Apparatus:
i. Transformer [220:12] and [220 V: 24 V]
© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1
 Experiment 4 Student’s Manual
ii. LM 741
iii. Diodes
iv. LED
v. SCR TYN612
vi. R2 = 1.2 KOhm, R1 = 10 Ohm and R = 4.5 KOhm or 1.2 Kohm

Precautions:
Make sure that, your instructor checks all your connections after you are done with the
circuit, otherwise it may get damaged. The circuit setup contains 220V. Students should be
careful about this.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig 2: Complete experimental setup

Experimental Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit as shown in Fig. 2. A single phase half wave controlled rectifier
with ramp control scheme is shown below. The half wave converter consists of a SCR
powered from a separate transformer and the load is 1.2KΩ+LED as shown below.
Make sure you use step down 220:12V and 220:24V transformers. Direct
connection with 220 V will be dangerous.
2. The variable reference voltage should be less than the peak of generated ramp signal
for proper control.
3. Measure the output voltages across the load and determine delay angle in each case.
Complete the table 1.
4. Show the graphical representation of the output voltage (i.e. voltage across the load)
vs. delay angle by oscilloscope.
5. Observe the wave forms across capacitor, comparator 1, comparator 2 and load (R ).
6. From the oscilloscope notice the variation of the delay angle with the variation of the
DC control voltage.
7. Plot the wave forms at different points of the circuit.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2

 Experiment 4 Student’s Manual
Data Table 1:

No. Delay angle Conduction angle Output voltage

1 1500 300 11 V
2
3
4

Simulation and Measurement:

Construct the circuit using your simulation software and compare the simulation results with
experimental data and comment on the differences (if any).

Questions for report writing:

1) Why do you require the synchronized pulse for triggering the SCR?
2) The ramp control produces non-linear variation of output voltage with the DC control
voltage. Verify it.
3) In this scheme there is inverse relationship between the delay angle and the DC
control voltage. How can you convert it into a direct relationship?

Discussion:
Determine whether or not the theorem was verified. Discuss about the reasons behind the
achieved results and practical applications of the theorem based on the experiment.

Conclusion:
Summarize the experiment here and discuss whether the objectives were fulfilled or not within
a short paragraph.

Reference(s):

[1] Industrial Electronics Lab Manual, American International university-Bangladesh

(AIUB), 2013.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3