Integration

(Part – 2)
(Method of Substitution)

Mosammat Arifa Akter

Senior Lecturer
Department of GED
Daffodil International University
I𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Step 1
𝑓( ) = cos( )
න𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 න 10𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
Step 2 = 5 න cos(𝑥 2 ) 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑢 = 𝑥2
න𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 5 න cos(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑔′ 𝑥 = 5 sin 𝑢 + 𝐶 = 2𝑥
න 𝑓 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 5 sin 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
Step 3
Re-insert 𝑔 𝑥 instead of 𝑢
2
 cos ln 𝑥
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙

Here,
cos ln 𝑥 1
න 𝑑𝑥 = න cos ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Suppose
𝑥 𝑥
ln 𝑥 = 𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢
= න cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 = sin 𝑢 + 𝐶 1
∴ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
cos ln 𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 = sin ln 𝑥 +𝐶
𝑥

3
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ 𝟑𝒙 𝟐𝒙𝟑 ׬‬− 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
Here,
න 3𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 3 − 2 (3𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
Suppose
= න 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑥3 − 2 = 𝑢

1 𝑑𝑢
= න 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 3𝑥 2 =
𝑑𝑥
1
∴ 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑢2+1
න 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = , 𝑛 ≠ −1 =
1
+𝐶
𝑛+1 +1
2
3
𝑢2
= +𝐶
3
2
2 3 3
න 3𝑥 2 𝑥3 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 2 +𝐶
3 4
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ ׬‬sin 2𝑥 + 3 𝒅𝒙

Here,
1
න sin 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 = න sin 2𝑥 + 3 2 𝑑𝑥 Suppose
2
2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑢
1
= න sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2=
𝑑𝑥
න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 1
= − cos 𝑢 +𝐶 ∴ 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
2
1
= − cos 2𝑥 + 3 + 𝐶
2
cos 2𝑥 + 3
න sin 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
2

5
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ ׬‬cos𝟐 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒅𝒙
Here,
1
න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 5𝑥 + 3 5 𝑑𝑥
2
5
Suppose
1 1
= ∙ න 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 5𝑥 + 3 = 𝑢
න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 5 2
𝑑𝑢
1 5=
= න 1 + cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑚𝑥 10
න cos 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∴ 𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥
𝑚 1 1
= න 𝑑𝑢 + න cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
10 10
1 1 sin 2𝑢 2 cos 2 𝜃 = 1 + cos 2𝜃
= 𝑢+ +𝐶
10 10 2
2
5𝑥 + 3 sin 10𝑥 + 6
∴ න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
10 20
6
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ ׬‬cos𝟑 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Here,
න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 . cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Suppose
= න(1 − sin2 𝑥) . cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 𝑢
න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑢
= න 1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑛+1 ∴ 𝑑𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = , 𝑛 ≠ −1 = න 𝑑𝑢 − න 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑛+1
𝑢3
=𝑢− +𝐶
3
sin 3𝑥
∴ න cos 𝟑 𝒙 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − +𝐶
3

7
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ ׬‬cos𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Here,
1
න cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 2cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2cos2 𝜃 = 1 + cos 2𝜃
2

1
= න 1 + cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

1 sin 𝑚𝑥
= න 𝑑𝑥 + න cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 න cos 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
2 𝑚
1 sin 2𝑥
= 𝑥+ +𝐶
2 2
2
𝑥 sin 2𝑥
∴ න cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
2 4

8
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫ ׬‬sin𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 2cos 2 𝜃 = 1 + cos 2𝜃
Here, 2sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2𝜃
1
න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න (2sin2 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
4
4
1
= න 1 − cos 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
4
4
1 1 1 sin 4𝑥
1 න sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + +𝐶
= න 1 − 2 cos 2𝑥 + cos 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4 2 2 4
4

1 1 3 sin 4𝑥
= න 𝑑𝑥 − න 2 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න cos 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + +𝐶
4 4 2 8

1 1 3 sin 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥
= 𝑥 − 2 න cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 2 cos 2 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥− + +𝐶
4 2 8 4 32
1 sin 2𝑥 1 3 sin 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥
= 𝑥−2 + න(1 + cos 4𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ∴ න sin4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − + +𝐶
4 2 2 8 4 32
1 1 1
= 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 + න 𝑑𝑥 + න cos 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 2 2 9
 sin 𝒙+cos 𝒙
E𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
𝟏+sin 𝟐𝒙
Here,
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
1 + sin 2𝑥 sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 + 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
=න 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 2

sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
=න 𝑑𝑥
(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)

= න 1 𝑑𝑥

=𝑥+𝐶
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
∴න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
1 + sin 2𝑥
10
Exercise
Evaluate the followings:

1. ‫ ׬‬2x + 1 x 2 + x dx
2. ‫ ׬‬sin2 2x + 5 dx
3. ‫ ׬‬sin3 x dx
4. ‫ ׬‬cos2 x sin x dx
5. ‫ ׬‬cos2 x dx
6. ‫ ׬‬cos4 x dx

11