PARTIAL

FRACTION
PART 2
 𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟏
PROBLEM 1: SEPARATE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟔

5𝑥 − 11
We have
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6

5𝑥 − 11
= 2
2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 6

5𝑥 − 11
=
2𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 3 𝑥 + 2

5𝑥 − 11
=
𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 − 3

3 −1
= +
𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 − 3
2
 𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝒙−𝟐
PROBLEM 2: SEPARATE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝒙−𝟐 𝟐 𝟏−𝟐𝒙
1
3𝑥 2 +𝑥−2 −4 − 𝐴
We have = + 3 + ⋯⋯ 1
𝑥 − 2 2 1 − 2𝑥 𝑥−2 2 1 − 2𝑥 𝑥−2
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in (1):
1
2
3 0 +0−2 −4 − 𝐴
= + 3 +
2
0−2 1−2×0 0−2 2 1−2×0 0−2
1
−2 −4 − 𝐴
or, = + 3 + From (1):
4 4 1 −2
1 5
3𝑥 2+𝑥−2 −4 − −
1 1 𝐴 = + 3 + 3
𝑜𝑟, − = −1 − − 𝑥 − 2 2 1 − 2𝑥 𝑥−2 2 1 − 2𝑥 𝑥−2
2 3 2
𝐴 1 1 4 1 1 5 1
or, = −1 − + =− 2
− ⋅ − ⋅
2 3 2 𝑥−2 3 1 − 2𝑥 3 𝑥−2
𝐴 −6 − 2 + 3 5
or, = or, 𝐴 = −
2 6 3
3
 𝟕+𝒙
PROBLEM 3: SEPARATE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝟏+𝒙 𝟏+𝒙𝟐
7+𝑥 3 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵
We have 2
= + 2
⋯⋯ 1
1+𝑥 1+𝑥 1+𝑥 1+𝑥
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in (1): 𝐴+4 3
7+0 3 𝐴 0 +𝐵 or, =2−
= + 2 2
1+0 1+0 1+0 1+0 𝐴+4 1
or, =
2 2
or, 7 = 3 + 𝐵 ∴ 𝐵 = 4
or, 𝐴 + 4 = 1 ∴ 𝐴 = −3
Putting 𝑥 = 1 in (1):
7+1 3 𝐴 1 +𝐵 From (1):
= +
1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 7+𝑥 3 −3𝑥 + 4
= +
1 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
8 3 𝐴+4
or, = + 3 3𝑥 − 4
2×2 2 2 = −
1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
3 𝐴+4
or, 2 = +
2 2 4
 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏
PROBLEM 4: DECOMPOSE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝒙𝟑 +𝒙
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 1 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵
We have = = + 2 ⋯⋯ 1
𝑥3 + 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 𝑥 +1
Putting 𝑥 = 1 in (1): 2 −𝐴 + 𝐵
or = −1 +
2+1+1 1 𝐴+𝐵 −2 2
= + −𝐴 + 𝐵
1+1 1 1+1 or, − 1 + 1 =
2
4 𝐴+𝐵
or, = 1 + −𝐴 + 𝐵
2 2 or, 0 =
2
𝐴+𝐵
or, 2 − 1 = or, − 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0 ⋯ ⋯ 3
2
𝐴+𝐵 Adding equations (2) & (3):
or, 1 = 2𝐵 = 2 ∴ 𝐵=1
2
or, 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 2 ⋯ ⋯ 2 Putting the value of 𝐵 in (1):
Putting 𝑥 = −1 in (1): 𝐴=1
From (1):
2−1+1 1 −𝐴 + 𝐵
= + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 1 𝑥+1
−1 − 1 −1 1+1 = +
𝑥3 + 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 + 1 5
 𝒙+𝟏
PROBLEM 5: SEPARATE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝒙𝟐 +𝟓 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑

𝑥+1 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷 1
We have = 2 + 2 ⋯⋯ 1 ∴𝐴=−
𝑥2 + 5 𝑥2 − 3 𝑥 +5 𝑥 −3 8
Multiplying both sides of (1) by 𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 2 − 3 : −3𝐵 + 5𝐷 = 1 ⟹ −3(−𝐷) + 5𝐷 = 1
𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑥 2 − 3 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷 𝑥 2 + 5
or, 8𝐷 = 1
or, 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴𝑥 3 − 3𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 2 − 3𝐵 + 𝐶𝑥 3 + 5𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑥 2 + 5𝐷 1
∴𝐷=
or, 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 + 𝐶 𝑥 3 + 𝐵 + 𝐷 𝑥 2 + 5𝐶 − 3𝐴 𝑥 − 3𝐵 + 5𝐷 8
1
Equating the coefficient of like term ∴𝐵=−
8
𝐴 + 𝐶 = 0; 𝐵 + 𝐷 = 0; 5𝐶 − 3𝐴 = 1; −3𝐵 + 5𝐷 = 1 From (1):
𝐴 + 𝐶 = 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = −𝐶 1 1 1 1
𝑥+1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 +
= 8 8+ 8 8
𝐵 + 𝐷 = 0 ⟹ 𝐵 = −𝐷 𝑥2 + 5 𝑥2 − 3 𝑥2 + 5 𝑥2 − 3
5𝐶 − 3𝐴 = 1 ⟹ 5𝐶 − 3 −𝐶 = 1
1 𝑥+1 1 𝑥+1
or , 5𝐶 + 3𝐶 = 1 = ⋅ 2 − ⋅ 2
1 8 𝑥 −3 8 𝑥 +5
or , 8𝐶 = 1 ∴ 𝐶 = 8
6
 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏
PROBLEM 6: SEPARATE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙−𝟑

2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 + 7 − 3𝑥
We have =
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
7 − 3𝑥
=2+
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
7 − 3𝑥
=2+ 2
𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3
7 − 3𝑥
=2+
𝑥 𝑥+3 −1 𝑥+3

7 − 3𝑥
=2+
𝑥+3 𝑥−1
1 −4 1 4
=2+ + =2+ −
𝑥−1 𝑥+3 𝑥−1 𝑥+3
7
 𝟔𝒙𝟑 +𝟓𝒙𝟐 −𝟕
PROBLEM 7: RESOLVE INTO PARTIAL FRACTIONS.
𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙−𝟏
6𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 7 2𝑥 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 + 9𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 7
We have =
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
2𝑥 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 9𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 7
= 2
+ 2
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1
3 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 + 8𝑥 − 4
= 2𝑥 +
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
3 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 8𝑥 − 4
= 2𝑥 + + 2
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1
8𝑥 − 4
= 2𝑥 + 3 +
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
8𝑥 − 4 1 5
= 2𝑥 + 3 + = 2𝑥 + 3 + +
𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + 1

8
EXERCISE
𝑥+2
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+3)

1
2. Resolve into partial fractions.
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+1)

𝑥
3. Separate into partial fractions.
𝑥−2 𝑥+1 2

1
4. Find the decomposition of .
(𝑥 2 +5)(𝑥 2 −3)

𝑥 2 +5𝑥−7
5. Resolve into partial fractions.
𝑥 2 −𝑥−2

𝑥 4 +5𝑥 3 −7
6. Resolve into partial fractions.
𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6