Basic electrical engineering

Module – IV
● What is an Electric Motor?
● Electromechanical device that converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy
● Mechanical energy used to e.g.
● Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
● Drive compressors
● Lifts
 Electric Motors

Alternating Current Direct Current (DC)

(AC) Motors Motors

Induction Motor

Universal Motor
Single-Phase Three-Phase

1)Split Phase IM
2) Capacitor Start IM
3) Capacitor Run IM Squirrel Cage Slip Ring
4) Capacitor-Start
IM IM
Induction-Run IM
5) Shaded Pole IM
● What is induction?
● What are the laws concerning
Induction??
Faraday’s Laws
● Faraday’s law says that
● an emf is induced in a loop when it moves
through an electric field.
● the induced emf is proportional to the rate of
change of magnetic flux.
Force on a current carrying conductor

Direction of Force: using Fleming’s left hand rule

● IM is the common type of AC Motor.
Induction Motor
-Construction
Bearin
Stator g
Shaft
Rotor

Cooling Fan
Stator
Stator (Contd….)
Rotor (Contd….)

● It is the rotating part of IM.

● Based on construction it is classified as

Squirrel cage Wound Rotor

Type Type
Squirrel Cage Type

● It consists of laminated Cylindrical core.

● Slots are provided on the outer surface of

core.

● A thick aluminium or copper bar is placed on

each slot.

● All these bars are joined together at both ends

by metal rings called end rings.
Wound Rotor Type/Slip Ring
IM
How it works?
Rotating Magnetic Field
Principle of Operation of IM
Principle of Operation of
IM(contd..)
● Current carrying conductor (ROTOR
conductors) placed in magnetic field (rotat.
Mag. field produced by stator) experiences
a force.

● Rotor conductors experiences mechanical

force (rotational).

● As a result, the rotor rotates in the same

direction as that of the rotating magnetic
field but with a speed less than that of
Slip

N, speed of the rotor (motor)

 Characteristics
Squirrel Cage IM Slip –Ring IM

1) Low Cost 1) High Cost

2) Low Starting Torque 2) High Starting Torque

3) Low Copper losses 3) High Copper losses

4) Low maintenance cost 4) High maintenance cost

5). High Efficiency 5) Low Efficiency

 Applications
Squirrel Cage IM Slip –Ring IM
1) Centrifugal Pumps 1) Conveyors

2) Compressors 2) Cranes

3) Conveyors 3) Flour Mills

4) Fans 4) Hoists

5) Lathe Works 5) Lifts

6) Reciprocating Pumps
Advantages & Disadvantages
● Advantages

1)Simple Design.
2)Low cost compared to other motors of the
same capacity.
3)Requires little maintenance.
4)Very Rugged construction.
5)High starting torque.

● Disadvantages
 University Questions

● List & explain different applications of IM(M.G University

2009)

● Explain principle of operation of 3 phase IM

● Give the constructional details of slip ring & squirrel cage IM

● A slip ring motor runs at 290 rpm at full load , when
connected to 50Hz supply. Determine the no. of poles
& slip.
● List & explain different applications of 1 phase
IM(M.G University 2009)
● What are the different types of 1 phase IM
● 3 phase winding in a 3 phase induction motor stator
● Stator-Laminations