VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELGAUM -590018

Introduction
In today’s scenario, the optimum utilization of space and rapidity to park vehicle are the most critical
factors for any parking. On a daily basis, it is estimated that 30% of traffic congestion in an urban
downtown area is caused by vehicles cruising for parking space. This not only causes waste of time and
fuel for drivers looking for parking but also contributes
A to additional waste of time and fuel for other
drivers as a result of traffic congestion. For example,
PROJECT it has been
SYNOPSIS ONreported that, for over one year in a small
Los Angeles business district, cars cruising for parking created the equivalent of 38 trips around the world,
AN IOT APPROACH FOR SMART PARKING SYSTEM IN MALLS
burning 47,000 gal of gasoline and producing 730 tons of carbon dioxide.

In an era of rising parking issues, exquisite usage of parking space in a confined space have been critical
factors. This issue is raginginin
Submitted crowdedfulfilment
partial places, including malls and in
of the requirements shopping complexes.
7th Semester of Hence an efficient
Parking management system streamlines
BACHELORthe
OF parking operation
ENGINEERING IN thereby reducing the hassle caused in
allotment and parking any vehicle.
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of inter-related computing devices, that describes physical objects
By
(or groups of such objects) that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software and other
technologies, that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other
Vijaya Sathvika B Souryadeep D Vaishak N Kumar
communication
[1 JB18CS networks.
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Technology based Parking Management System is an automated and advanced solution that provides
management of vehicles right from an entryTHE
UNDER in GUIDANCE
the parkingOFarea to the exit. The provision of online pre-
booking of parking slots to the customer visiting the mall is also a key factor in this process.
Dr. Gopalkrishna M T
Professor
Dept. of CSE, SJBIT

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

B G S HEALTH AND EDUCATION CITY

Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road Kengeri, Bangalore - -560060

2021-2022
,
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Literature survey

Jianbing Ni et al.[1], has proposed a privacy-preserving smart parking navigation system (P-SPAN). P-
SPAN enables a cloud to guide vehicles to vacant parking spaces in the destinations based on real-time
parking information without disclosing any personal information about drivers. It is a system that keeps
track of empty parking spots in real-time and guides vehicles to it. But it is not fully automated to accept
payments for the parking duration.

Kevin Bradley Dsouza et al.[3], mentions of a system that make managing a parking space easier and cost
effective by automating the entire process right from pre-booking a parking slot to making the payment.
The CCTV present in the parking lot is used to detect the presence of cars and measure the availability of
parking spots within the parking space. But since machines are used to detect the presence and absence of
cars in the parking lot, the margin of error is high.

Sachet Rajbhandari et al.[2], proposes the use of Internet of Things (IoT) For effective parking
management. This IoT parking system will not only solve the problems from the consumers perspective but
also would solve difficulties faced by the management of these parking lots. The consumer will save more
time by booking spot prior to his/her arrival at the spot and would reduce time searching for a good spot for
parking when actually being at the destination. From the management's point view it would help in
decreasing the manpower requirement used for maintaining such parking lots and would also help them use
their resources more efficiently.

Gayatri N Hainalkar et al.[4], recognizes the movement towards development of smart city and the
importance of IoT. They propose a smart parking system based on internet of things which not only allows
the drivers to book a particular parking spot but also helps in automatic cashless billing, hacking intimation,
post trip booking and updates of each parking areas to traffic police. This can be made even better by
adding hardware IoT components like a gate that automatically allows the drivers in and out of the parking
lot.

Sagar Piyush Parikh et al.[5], has an idea where users can logon to their app and find the ideal parking spot
which is nearest to their destination. With this the users save's both time as well as fuel. The user can easily
view the parking availability on the app and drive straight to the spot without wasting any time. Hence this
is an intelligent parking system where they take into account the drivers driving time to the spot and
forecast the parking availability for different parking locations based on real time parking information.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Mujeeb ur Rehman et al.[9], proposes a Smart Parking System (SPS) based on Internet of Thing (IoT) and
Wireless Sensors Network (WSN). It is assumed that Global Positioning System (GPS) and wireless
communication system is placed in the vehicle. The proposed system decreases the searching time of free
slot by giving route to free slot.

Azhar Somani et al.[8], has an idea to implement Smart Parking Solution. Smart Parking devices will be
introduced to various parking spots that will be connected to the cloud and provide Real-time updated from
the UHF installed sensors for available parking spaces for the user. The aim of the device is to bring ease
and eliminate basic problems like traffic congestion with more practical and purposeful solutions. 

Fabian Bock et al.[7], considers the frequency of the cars and combining these frequencies with parking
occupancy data, estimate the potential quality of crowd-sensed on-street parking information for different
fleet(crowd) sizes.

Liehuang Zhu et al.[6], has done research to find that private parking spots usually have low utilization
rates, and the spot suppliers are willing to provide their extra parking resources due to a maintenance cost
by charging parking fees. They propose an anonymous smart-parking and payment (ASAP) scheme in
vehicular networks. They use short randomizable signature to provide anonymity and conditional privacy.
They try to achieve quick result matching with HashMap and anonymous payment with E-cash.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Problem statement

With the increasing percentage of vehicle ownership in recent times, parking has become a difficult
problem for a lot of people. Most often people cannot find suitable or adequate space to park their vehicles.
This situation has become more serious especially during their peak time, be it holiday seasons, carnivals or
any other festivals. The limited availability of vacant parking spaces often results in traffic congestion.
Limitation of a driver’s capability of finding a vacant parking spaces and absence of efficient management
are also at fault causing this problem.

We know that we can easily purchase tickets for movies in advance by using many apps like Bookshop and
other popular apps, similarly we need to come up with an approach to easily book the parking space in
Malls so that we can easily park in our booked space instead of waiting for empty spaces to clear up due to
crowded parking lots. This may be able to solve all the above-mentioned problems and provide users with
hassle free parking near malls and other shopping complexes.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Challenges

1) When a user wants to visit a certain mall at an expected time assume at 3pm and wants to exit at 4pm,
he/she books in advance. Another user who wants to go the same mall at 2pm and wants to exit at 3pm,
books in advance. For the user who has booked for the time slot 2-3 pm he/she can extend their parking
time. If this user extends his/her timeslot then the user who has booked for 3pm cannot get that spot and
this causes a kind of a deadlock.
2) Since everything is automated, the hardware systems used may be damaged due to improper human
interaction. Thus, the hardware systems may need regular maintenance and surveillance

Motivation

Parking could become a nightmare on a busy day, in a city like Delhi (India), which has about 12 million
cars (2020). It is frustrating and time consuming for drivers to find an available parking spot in a congested
area, such as downtown and shopping malls, especially in peak hours.  An average of seventeen minutes
and considerable amount of fuel is wasted to find a parking spot every time which also increases air
pollution by a considerable amount. Additional stress is induced due to parking hassles starting from
finding an empty parking spot to relocating the car later.

Thus, it is very helpful for drivers to have real-time parking information to assist them in finding vacant
parking spots timely. As such, there have been a lot many research papers and journals providing numerous
solutions to these problems.

Going in this direction we wanted to create a fully integrated working model for smart parking system using
IoT infrastructure we have at our disposal. We try to address all the drawbacks and problems that are faced
as of today and find suitable and sustainable solutions to those problems.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Design and Architecture

Working of the Model

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Flowchart

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Schema

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

User Interface

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

User Interface (contd.) and QR scanner

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Methodology

• An approach of Smart parking can turn out to be an advanced solution that provides management of vehicles
right from an entry in the parking area to the exit.

• This problem is addressed and all the software and hardware requirements for the project are identified and
assembled.

Hardware :

 All the required hardware components (Arduino board, Servo motor, Wi-Fi Module etc.) are
collected.

 The integration/connections in the hardware are planned and designed.

 As per the design, the hardware components are integrated and programmed

Software:

 Primarily a suitable platform for software development is identified.

 The Backend (Database) for the application is planned and designed.
 Designing and implementation of the User Interface is carried out.
 With a suitable framework, both the backend and the frontend development are integrated
 Testing of working of the application.
 Program and integrate the software and hardware parts of the project
 Testing is conducted at regular intervals, after each and every stage in the
progress and project development phase.
 Further constructive changes and updates can be made for quality usage and
betterment of the application.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

References

1) J. Ni, K. Zhang, Y. Yu, X. Lin and X. Shen, "Privacy-Preserving Smart Parking Navigation Supporting
Efficient Driving Guidance Retrieval," in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 7,
pp. 6504-6517, July 2018, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2805759.
2) S. Rajbhandari, B. Thareja, V. Deep and D. Mehrotra, "IoT Based Smart Parking System," 2018
International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies
(3ICT), 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/3ICT.2018.8855787.
3) K. B. Dsouza, S. Mohammed and Y. Hussain, "Smart parking — An integrated solution for an urban
setting," 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 2017, pp. 174-177,
doi: 10.1109/I2CT.2017.8226115.
4) G. N. Hainalkar and M. S. Vanjale, "Smart parking system with pre & post reservation, billing and
traffic app," 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS),
2017, pp. 500-505, doi: 10.1109/ICCONS.2017.8250772.
5) S. P. Parikh, D. R. Shah and P. R. Shah, "Park Indicator: Book Your Parking Spot," 2018 Fourth
International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 2018,
pp. 1-3, doi: 10.1109/ICCUBEA.2018.8697378.
6) L. Zhu, M. Li, Z. Zhang and Z. Qin, "ASAP: An Anonymous Smart-Parking and Payment Scheme in
Vehicular Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 17, no. 4, pp.
703-715, 1 July-Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TDSC.2018.2850780.
7) F. Bock, S. Di Martino and A. Origlia, "Smart Parking: Using a Crowd of Taxis to Sense On-Street
Parking Space Availability," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 21, no. 2,
pp. 496-508, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2019.2899149.
8) A. Somani, S. Periwal, K. Patel and P. Gaikwad, "Cross Platform Smart Reservation Based Parking
System," 2018 International Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET), 2018, pp.
1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICSCET.2018.8537282.
9) M. ur Rehman and M. A. Shah, "A smart parking system to minimize searching time, fuel consumption
and CO2 emission," 2017 23rd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), 2017,
pp. 1-6, doi: 10.23919/IConAC.2017.8082088.

, SJBIT 2021-2022
 An IoT approach for smart parking system in malls

Conclusion

Parking could become a nightmare on a busy day, in a city like Delhi (India), which has about 12 million
cars (2020). It is frustrating and time consuming for drivers to find an available parking spot in a congested
area, such as downtown and shopping malls, especially in peak hours.  An average of seventeen minutes
and considerable amount of fuel is wasted to find a parking spot every time which also increases air
pollution by a considerable amount. Additional stress is induced due to parking hassles starting from
finding an empty parking spot to relocating the car later.

Thus, it is very helpful for drivers to have real-time parking information to assist them in finding vacant
parking spots timely. Going in this direction, it is essential to create a fully integrated working model for
smart parking system using IoT infrastructure we have at our disposal. This model can be used as a
reference for smart parking implementations in the future.

, SJBIT 2021-2022