EXERCÍCIOS RESOLVIDOS DE LIMITES

Prof. Me. Ayrton Barboni

x2  4  0  ( x  2)( x  2) ( x  2) (2)  2
1) lim = = lim = lim = =2
x 2 x 2  2 x  0  x 2 ( x  2) x x 2 x 2

x2  4 x2  4 ( x  2)( x  2) x2
2) lim = lim = lim = lim =
x 2 3x 2  4 x  4 x 2 3 x 2  4 x  4 x 2 ( x  2)(3x  2) x 2 3 x  2

(2)  2 4
 = =
1

1

2
.
3(2)  2 8 2 2 2
OBS: Temos que x  2 . Devemos (para fatorar) dividir os polinômios da fração
do radicando por (x –(–2)) , isto é, por (x + 2).

x2 + 0 x – 4 x+2 3 x2 + 4 x – 4 x+2
– x2 – 2 x x–2 – 3x 2 – 6 x 3x–2
– 2x–4 – 2x – 4
2x+4 2x+ 4
0 0
x 2 – 4 = (x + 2) (x –2) 3 x2 + 4 x – 4 = (x + 2 )( 3 x – 2)

x4 16 lim x 316   0 

4
x4 16 ( x  2)( x3  2 x2  4 x 8)

lim2
lim lim
( x 2)( x2  2 x  4)
3) lim
x 2
2 x3 8 = x2 x 8  0  2 x2 x3 8 2
x2

x2

lim x 22 x 4 x8

3 2
8888 32 8
2 x2 x 2 x4 2 4  4 4  212  23  3 28  4 3 4 .

x4 + 0 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x – 16 x–2 x3 + 0 x2 + 0 x – 8 x – 2
–x +2x
4 3
x + 2 x 2+4 x +8
3
– x3 + 2 x2 x 2+ 2 x +4
2 x3 + 0 x2 2 x2 + 0 x
–2 x 3 + 4 x 2 – 2 x2 + 4 x
4 x2 + 0 x 4x – 8
–4 x 2 + 8 x –4 x + 8
8 x – 16 0
–8 x + 16
0
x – 16 = (x – 2) ( x + 2 x 2+4 x +8)
4 3 x3 – 8 = (x – 2) ( x 2+ 2 x + 4)

4) lim
x 1  1 x 0
    lim
 x 1  1 x  x 1  1 x  
x 0 3x 0 x 0
3x  x 1  1 x 
( x  1)  (1  x) 2x 2
 lim  lim  lim 
x 0
3x  x 1  1 x  x 0
3x  x 1  1 x  x 0
3  x 1  1 x 
2 2 1
   .
3  1 1  6 3

1
5) lim
3 5 x 0
    lim

3  5  x 3  5  x 1 5  x   
x 4 1  5  x
0 x 4

1 5  x 3  5  x 1 5  x   
9  (5  x) 1  5  x  4  x1  5 x  
  4  x  1  5  x 
 lim  lim  lim
x 4
3  5  x  1  (5  x) x 4
3  
5  x  4  x  x 4
3  
5  x  4  x 

 lim

  (1  1)  2  1
 1 5  x

3  5  x  3  9 6 3
x 4

6) lim
2  x  3 0
    lim
 2  x  3  2  x  3   lim 4  ( x  3)

x  49 0 ( x  7)( x  7)  2  x  3  ( x  7)( x  7)  2  
2
x 7 x 7 x 7
x 3
7x ( x  7)
 lim  lim 
x 7

( x  7)( x  7) 2  x  3 x 7

( x  7)( x  7) 2  x  3  
1 1 1 1
 lim   
x 7

( x  7) 2  x  3 (14) 2  7  3 (14).4 56  
x2  4 21
7) lim   
x 5 ( x  5) 2
0

cos(3x)
8) lim  nao existe, pois os limites laterais saodirerentes:
x 0 x
cos(3x) 1 cos(3x) 1
a) lim    e b) lim   
x 0 x
 0 x 0 x 0 

x 1 lim x1 lim x1 

   x
 x 32 x
  lim 2 x 32 x  lim
9) lim 2 2 x
3 2   
2 x 2 x

x  x 
lim 1 1
1
2 x 2 
2 2 
2
x3 lim x
3
lim x
3
lim x 
1  x2 1  1  x x2 1  1  x x2  1  x 1 
10) lim     lim        0
x  3   x 3  3 3 3
 2  3x   x 2   2  3x   x 2    x2 
11) lim sen 
x  5x  4 x2 
  sen  lim
 x 5x  4 x2 
  sen  lim 
 x 4 x2 
     
     2
= sen  xlim   sen    .
  4  4 2
x 2  3x  7 x 3 7 x3 7 1
12) lim  lim  lim  lim 0
x 7  7 x  9 x
4 2 x 7 x 4 x 7 x x x

13) lim  x2  3  x        lim

 x2  3  x  x2  3  x 
x   x 
x2  3  x

2
   x
2
x2  3 2
x2  3  x2 3 3
 lim  lim  lim   0.
x
x 3 x
2 x
x 3 x
2 x
x 3 x
2 

 x2  3  x  x2  3  x 
14) lim
x  2

x  3  x      lim
x
x 3  x
2


   x
2 2
x2  3 ( x 2  3)  x x2  x  3
 lim  lim  lim 
x x2  3  x x x2  3  x x
 3  x
x 1  2  
2

 x  x
 1 3
x 2 1   2 
x  x3 2 2
 x x   lim x  lim x  
 lim  lim
x x 
 3 x  3  1  x x x
x 1  2   x  1  2   
 x  x   x  x 
senx k k
15) lim  lim = = 0, k alterna seus valores no intervalo [-1, 1] .
x x x  x +
16) lim e xsenx  lim e x . lim senx  0.k  0 , k alterna valores em [-1, 1] .
x x x
3cos x  2x    3cos x 2x k 2x
17) lim   lim
   x 2x  lim  lim  lim 
x 2x   x 2 x x  2 x x 2 x

k
 lim  lim 1  0  1  1, k alterna seus valores em [-3, 3] .
x 2 x x 

sen(7 x)  0  7sen(7 x) sen(7 x)

18) lim     lim  7. lim  7 .1  7 , Veja limites
x0 x  0  x0 7x x0 7x
fundamentais (Fundamentos de Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter Paulette–LTC).
5x 0 3.5x 5 3x 5 5
19) lim    lim  . lim  .(1)  , Veja limites
x0 tg(3x) 0 x  0 3tg(3x) 3 x 0 tg(3x) 3 3
fundamentais (Fundamentos de Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter Paulette–LTC).
5  5cos2 x  0  5(1  cos2 x) 5 sen 2 x 5 sen 2 x
20) lim   lim
 0  x0  lim  . lim 
x0 2x2   2x2 x0 2x 2 2 x0 x2
2

5 senx  5 2 5
  lim  .1  . . Veja limites fundamentais (Fundamentos de

2 x  0 x  2 2
Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter Paulette–LTC).
x2 x2 (1  sec x) x2 (1  sec x) x2 (1  sec x)
    lim
0
21) lim  lim  lim 
x0 1-sec x  0  x0 (1-sec x)(1  sec x) x0 1-sec2 x x0 - tg 2 x
2
1  sec x x2 1  (1)  x 
 lim . lim  . lim    2.(1)   2 . Veja limites
2
x0 -1 x0 tg 2 x -1  x 0 tgx 
fundamentais (Fundamentos de Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter Paulette–LTC).
2
x2 sec x  0  x2  x 
22) lim  
 0  x0 tg 2 x . lim
lim sec x   lim  lim sec x  (1)2 .1  1. Veja
x0 tg 2 x x0 x0 tgx
  x0
limites fundamentais (Fundamentos de Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter
Paulette–LTC).
x  tgx  0  xx 2x
23) lim     lim  lim  lim1  1. Nota: p/ x  0 , x = sen(x) = tg(x).
x0 x  senx  0  x 0 xx x 0 2 x x0

3
 x
 3 3 1
24) lim 1    1  . Considerar:  , daí, x  3t . Se x  , então t  .
x x
 x t
3
 3
x
 1
3t
  1 
t
Portanto, lim 1    tlim
x   1     tlim

 1     e .
3

 x  t   t 
x
 3 3 1
25) lim 1    1  . Considerar:  , daí, x  3t . Se x  , então t  .
x x
 x t
3t 3
 3
x
 1   1 
t
Portanto, lim 1    tlim
x  1    lim 1     e3 .

 x 
 t  t   t  

x
 3     3 1 3t
26) lim 1    1  . Considerar:  , daí, x . Se x  , então t  .
x 2x 
 2x t 2
3 3

 3
x
 1 2
t
  1 
t 2 3
Portanto, lim 1   lim 1    lim 1   
2 x  t   t   t    
2
e .
x  t
   
3

  1 1
27) lim 1  x x  1  . Considerar: x  , daí, t  . Se x  0 , então t  .
x0 t x
3
3
 1
3t
  1 
t
Portanto, lim 1  x  x
 lim 1    lim 1     e3 .

x0 t 
 t   t   t  
3
 x x 1 x 1 t
28) lim 1    1  . Considerar:  , daí,  . Se x  0 , então t  .
x 0
 2 t 2 x 2
3 3
3
 x x  1 2
t
  1 
t 2 3
Portanto, lim
x 0 
1    lim
t  
1     lim
t  
1  
   e 2 .
 2   t    t  

x x
 x4   8  x+ 4 x–4
29) lim    1   xlim  1
x
 x4 
 x  4  -x + 4 1
8
8 1
Considerar:  , daí, x  8t  4 . Se x  , então t  .
x4 t
x 8t  4 8t 4
 8   1  1  1
Portanto, lim 1    tlim 1    lim 1   . lim 1   
x
 x4 
 t t 
 t t 
 t

8 8
  1 
t
 1
4
  1 
t

  lim 1    . lim 1     lim 1    . (1) 4  e8 .(1)  e8 .

 t   t   t   t   t   t  
   
3 5 x
 35 x
5 x
35  5  1 1
3 3 0 5
 3  3 5 3x  1 5
30) lim     lim  3 lim
5
 35 lim  3 .ln 3
x0 x  0  x0 x x 0 x x 0 x
Veja limites fundamentais (Fundamentos de Matemática – Ayrton Barboni e Walter
Paulette–LTC).
eax  ebx
, a  b , tem indeterminação do tipo   .
* 0
31) lim   0 
x0 sen(ax)  sen(bx)

4
 eax  ebx eax  ebx
lim  lim , pois p/ x  0 , temos ax=sen(ax) e
x0 sen(ax)  sen(bx) x0 ax  bx

bx=sen(bx), ver exercício 18 acima.

bx  e 
ax
e  ebx  1
lim e  e  lim
ax bx
   lim e
bx
e( a b ) x  1
. lim 
x0 ax  bx x0 (a  b) x x0 (a  b) x0 x

 lim
ebx
. lim
e( a b ) x  1

e0
. lim
e 
( a b ) x
1

1
.ln e( a b ) 
x0 (a  b) x0 x (a  b) x0 x a b
1 a b
 . (a  b). ln e  ln e  ln e  1.
a b a b
x e x  1
2

e x 1  0  e x 1
2 2

32) lim     lim  lim x . lim . Considerar x 2  t .

x0  x 0 x 0 x 2
 x 0 x  0 x 2


et 1
Se x  0 , então t  0 e, daí, lim t . lim
t 0 t 0
 0 .ln e  0 .
t
 

a x  a x
, a  0 , tem indeterminação do tipo   .
0
33) lim
x0 xa  x 0
1 x  x 1
a ax x ax  a  a 
a x  a2 x  1
lim  lim a x  lim   lim 
x0 xa  x x0 x x0 x x0 x
ax
(a 2 ) x  1
 lim  ln a 2  2ln a.
x0 x