Consumer Electronics

REPORT
TITLE: Xerox MACHINE
• Rationale:
A Xerox (also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox
machine, the generic trademark) is a machine that makes copies of
documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly
and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology
called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a
light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner
particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. The toner is
then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of
both. Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet, but
xerography is standard for office copying.
Commercial xerographic office photocopying was introduced
by Xerox in 1959, and it gradually replaced copies made
by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and
other duplicating machines.

• Aim/Benefits of Microproject :
1. Speed

• A Photocopier machine has the capability to make duplicates of

paper at a very fast rate. Mostly they are able to produce 100 pages
per minute. Even at this speed, photocopiers are still affordable.
 2. Flexibility

• Apart from photocopying, some photocopiers can also act as a

scanner and a laser printer. Through this the overall quality of the
images can be increased. Since photocopiers are equipped with all in
one functions, eventually this can free up space in the workplace. The
users can place in a location where there should be three.

3. Productivity

• Having a photocopier always adds productivity to your business. All

the copying related stuffs can be done under the office rather than
taking it to a photocopying shop. Therefore, the office paper works
can be done smoothly avoiding delays. Thus, increasing employee
efficiency as well as productivity.

4. User friendly

• Using a photocopier is the most effective way of creating copies of

documents. This too can be done with little effort. The user only has
to turn on the machine, place the paper and push a button. Then the
machine will start producing the number of copies specified. No any
prior expertise is needed.

5. Double side Copying

• Another ability of a photocopier is, it is able to print both sides.

Therefore, it can overall increase the speed of printing process. This
has also proved to be environment friendly since the number of
papers required is reduced.
• Course Outcomes :
▪ High-Volume and High-Quality Copies
▪ More Than Just a Copy Machine
▪ Other Useful Copy Machine Features
▪ Quick and Convenient
▪ Printing Both Sides
▪ Digital Photocopiers

• Litrature Review:
We used a lot of sources to create this microproject. They are as follows:
✓ Consumer Electronics Nirali Prakashan Book
✓ (bizfluent.com)
✓ https://ripyard.com/2021/01/13/main-benefits-of-using-a-
photocopy-machine
✓ https://ok.com.au/how-does-the-photocopier-work
✓ Teacher Notes
✓ Laptops , mobiles , etc

• Actual Methodology Followed:

At first we had a group discussion on this topic . Then we gathered
information regarding this topic by means of above resources .
After this we had a visit to observe and study actual photocopier machine.
Thus we created a report on it.

• Actual resources used :

 Sr no. Name of Quantity Remarks
resources
1 Scanner 1
2 Printer 1
3 Blank Sheets As per need

• Outputs of microproject :

After you've put your piece of paper (the master copy) on the glass screen
of the copier and pressed the big green button, the machine takes several
steps before your copy comes out.

Photocopiers work on the principle that 'opposites attract'. Toner is a

powder that is used to create the printed text and images on paper. The
powder is negatively charged, and so it is attracted to something positive -
the paper.

The drum, which is located in the heart of a photocopier, is positively

charged using static electricity.

An image of the master copy is transferred onto the drum using a laser.
The light parts of the image (the white areas on a piece of paper) lose their
charge so become more negative, and the black areas of the image (where
the text is) remain positively charged.

The toner (being attracted to the positive areas) sticks to the black areas of
the image on the drum. For colour copies, the drum attracts the cyan,
magenta and yellow and black toner. From these four colours, a wide
spectrum of colours can be formed.

The resulting toner on the drum is transferred to a piece of paper, which

has a higher negative charge than the drum.

The toner is melted and bonded to the paper using heat and pressure
rollers. Then, finally, your photocopied document comes out of the copier.
Because heat is used, the paper that comes out of a copier is warm.

• Skill developed / Learning outcomes :

By understanding this microproject
✓ We are able to differentiate between different types of photocopier
.
✓ Our observing skills are also increased
✓ Our curiosity towards technology has increased
✓ We are now able to do technical things more properly , accurately
and preciously
✓ Practical knowledge has increased

• Applications of this microproject:

It is used for following fuctions :
✓ Digital Technology
✓ Colour Printer
✓ Laser Printer
✓ Photostat Machines
✓ Multifunction Printers