Controlling speed of DC motor

using 555 Timer!

ELP PROJECT
REPORT
BY ANTRIKSH SARAN
2021ME21097
Contents
> Objective & Apparatus
> Theory
> Circuit Diagram
>Breadboard Setup
> DSO Images
1 Control Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Power Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
> Concluding Remarks
> Sources of Error
> Precautions
 Objectives and Apparatus
◦ Objective: • To construct the 555 control circuit .

◦ •Speed Control of a DC motor by Armature Voltage Control.

◦ Equipment and Components
◦ 1. Digital Storage Oscilloscope 2. Breadboard
◦ 3. Connecting wires.
◦ 4. 555 timer (IC)
◦ 5. DC Motor
◦ 6. DN4007 DIODE
◦ 7. 2N2222 Transistor
Theory:-
◦ By turning on and off the power that's going to the device, we can create variable
voltage using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).the technological gadget quickly. the
typical voltage is influenced by the signal's duty cycle , or the duration of the signal's
on-time show long the signal is inactive for a single period a time frame. When
configured in an appropriate manner, the 555 Timer can produce a PWM signal .
steady mode. When the capacitor C1 is charging and the output is HIGH via way of R1
and R2 (resistors). The IC's output, on the other hand, is LOW only when the resistor R2 is
being used to discharge the capacitor C1. We can see that changing the values of
any one of these three components will result in a square wave output signal with
varied ON and OFF periods or a different duty cycle. The 555 Timer's control pin is not in
use, but it is linked to a 10nF capacitor to filter out any outside noise coming from that
terminal . Pin 4 (the reset), which is active low, is connected to VCC in order to prevent
an accidental reset of the output. The 555 timer's output has a 200 mA source and sink
current capability. Therefore, if the motor we wish to control is larger than this rating, we
must drive it with a transistor or MOSFET. A Darlington transistor (TIP122) that can take
currents of up to 5A was employed. We must utilize a freewheeling diode linked in
parallel with the motor to prevent any voltage spikes caused by the motor.
Circuit Diagram :-
Snapshot of breadboard with 555 control
circuit connected

CONTROL CIRCUIT
Snapshots of the DSO screen with
control circuit output waveforms
Snapshot of breadboard with power
circuit connected

POWER CIRCUIT
Snapshots of the DSO screen with power
circuit output waveform while 555 controller
is operating
Concluding remarks for the project
◦ By attaching a potentiometer to the DSO, the output waveform for various R1
and R2 values can be evaluated. The following is what we see:
1. R1's value shouldn't incline toward zero. If the value is close to 0, the circuit fails. So, in
the ideal scenario, we should alter R2 while maintaining R1 as a constant. R1's value
should be kept at 1 k, while R2's potentiometer should be 100 k.
2.We confirmed that the waveform across the output terminal and motor of the same
IC 555 timer.
3.When we decrease R2, the speed of motor increases and when R2 is 0 Ω, then motor
runs at maximum speed.
4. A NPN transistor is the Darlington transistor (TIP122). In our case, it serves as a switch.
The transistor is in the OFF State when the output waveform is 0V.
5. The motor is coupled to a freewheeling diode. The inductive load can freewheel
more energy when the transistor is in the off state.
Sources of Error

◦• Scale of DSO not appropriate for

measurements2. Loose Connections
◦ • Resistance of wires not taken into account, and also
giving rise to inconsistency due to increase in resistance
due to heating
◦ • Change in the connections while circuit is closed.
Precautions
◦ 1. Make the connections neat and tight
◦ 2. Don’t leave the switch on for long continuous periods of time
to prevent the burning of IC.
◦ 3. Wear proper shoes and use insulated tools
◦ 4. Don’t keep the resistance values too low
 THANK YOU

ANTRIKSH SARAN
2021ME21097
GROUP -31