TPC 6 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 1A INTRODUCTION TO TRAVEL AND TOURISM

WHAT IS TRAVEL AND TOURISM?

 Travel: Movement from one place to another

 Tourism: Travel away from home for the purposes of fun and enjoyment.

WHAT TYPES OF TRAVELERS ARE NOT CONSIDERED TOURISTS?

 Migrants: People who move their residence permanently or semi-permanently.

 Same-Day Visitors: Travelers who stay in a place for less than 24 hours.

Tourism Revolution

 The current phenomenon in which roughly 1.8 million people worldwide travelled outside their
home country and spent a total of $700 Billion combined.

 This is a recent thing. Until the 1900s, only a select few ultra-rich people could afford the luxury
of travel.

How Did Tourism Start?

 Since the beginning of people traveled. Food, water, safety or acquisition of resources (trade)
were the early travel motivations. But the idea of travel for pleasure or exploration soon
emerged.

Travel Motivators: Economic Factors

 Money - the majority of travel requires discretionary income. Discretionary income is money left
over after all monetary obligations (food, rent and taxes) have been paid.

 Has to do with ‘Discretionary Income” – how much extra money people have to spend When
economy is good, more people travel and spend money, so tourism workers make more money
When economy is bad, less people vacation, industry makes less money

Travel Motivators: Technological Factors

 Mobility - is the access to transportation (car, bus, plane, train or ship) and the hours required
to get to their destination.

 Faster Methods of Transportation such as planes, trains, cars, boats, etc. More tourism facilities
a country has, the more it will attract tourists. Thanks to technology, more people are aware of
what each destination has to offer, and destinations can promote themselves cheaper and more
effectively

Travel Motivators: Demographic Factors

 Demography: The study of the characteristics of a population

  Of all citizens, those live in richer countries and who are older and have more DISCRETIONARY
INCOME are more likely to travel

 Those from poorer countries or those without extra income are very unlikely to travel

Travel Motivators: Cultural Factors

 Ancient cultures of the world draw tourists naturally as they are historically interesting The
older a country’s culture is, the more likely it is to be a tourist destination.

Mass Tourism

 Movement of large numbers of people to specific tourist locations.

Characteristics of Mass Tourism

• Large numbers of people

• Packaged deals

• Specialized resorts

• Commercial holiday companies

Alternative Tourism

 Alternative Tourism lets people personalize their activities and explore the local area and culture
first hand

Alternative Tourism is:

• Self-planned
• Personalized
• Low impact
• Done at non-peak times

Sustainable Tourism

 Sustainable Tourism: is a way of traveling and exploring a destination while respecting its
culture, environment, and people.

Sustainable Tourism:

• Protects the environment

• Respects and preserves local culture

• Provides for long term use

• Provides for long term economic development

CHAPTER 1B TRANSPORT AND TOURISM

 Tourism industry needs transports in other to take tourists from one place to another because
the aim of the tourist is to reach the destination. So in tourism industry we find different modes
of transports which consist of air, rail, road and water. Hence tourists have a choice to choose
which one of the transports it is suitable for them. There are many reasons to choose modes of
transport; tourists might look at the following -speed, safety, price and convenience. So basically
these different kinds of transports have positive and negative side effects.

CATEGORIES OF TRANSPORTATION

1. ROAD TRANSPORT
➢ Road transport exists in all parts of the world, this involves the use of motor vehicles (cars,
lorries, buses, bicycles, and trucks). There are various types of roads according to size and
functions, some roads are tarred while others are not. The best of these roads are the modern
roads which link major towns.

Advantages of road transport:

 Door to Door Service

 Fast delivery

 Easy to communicate with driver

 Less Investment

 Personal Service

 Employment

 Useful for Small Distances

Disadvantages of road transport:

 Inadequate Roads/Poor Maintenance of Roads

 Frequent accidents

 Goods susceptible to damage because of careless driving

 Bad weather

 Driving regulations can cause delays

 Unsuitable for Long Distances and Bulky Goods

2. RAILWAY TRANSPORT
➢ Railways were developed during the period of the industrial revolution in the 19th century,
these were partly for political reasons and for economic reasons. In many countries, they were
built especially to penetrate isolated regions and help promote political unity.
Advantage of Railway Transport

 Dependable: The greatest advantage of the railway transport is that it is the most
dependable mode of transport as it is the least affected by weather conditions such as rains,
fog etc. compared to other modes of transport.

 Better Organized - It has fixed routes and schedules.

 High Speed over Long Distances

 Suitable for Bulky and Heavy Goods and large capacity

 Cheaper Transport

Disadvantages of Railway Transport

Huge Capital Outlay:

 The railway requires is large investment of capital. The cost of construction, maintenance
and overhead expenses are very high as compared to other modes of transport.

Lack of Flexibility

 Its routes and timings cannot be adjusted to individual requirements.

Lack of Door to Door Service:

 Rail transport cannot provide door to door service as it is tied to a particular track.
Intermediate loading or unloading involves greater cost, more wear and tear and wastage of
time.

Unsuitable for Short Distance and Small Loads:

 Railway transport is unsuitable and uneconomical for short distance and small traffic of
goods.

Under-utilized Capacity:

 The railway must have full load for its ideal and economic operation. As it has a very large
carrying capacity, underutilization of its capacity, in most of the regions, is a great financial
problem and loss to the economy.

Water Transport

 Water transport is very important because it is the cheapest way of transporting bulky goods
over a long distance.

 In the world, there are two major types of water transport namely: Inland water transport and
ocean water transport.
 Inland water transport

 This is the system of transport through all navigable rivers, lakes, and man-made canals.
Many large rivers in different parts of the world are used by ships and barges for
transportation.

Ocean Waterways

 However, Ocean waterways carry a lot of the world’s trade, the majority of the bulky goods,
materials, and passengers pass through ocean waterways from one country to another at
the cheapest cost.

Advantages of water transport

 The transport network is quite cheap as we compared it with a rail and road transport. Less
Maintenance Cost

 Useful for Bulky Goods

 Useful During Natural Calamities

 Important for Foreign Trade

Disadvantages of Water transports

 Slow Speed: It is a slow means of transport because in rainy season it will results into fall in
the water level of rivers making direction-finding difficult.

 More Risky: Water transport is more risky as compared to other means because there is
always danger of sinking ships or boats.

 Limited Area of Operation

 Unsuitable for Small Business

Air Transport

 It is the fastest mode of transport. But the cost of its operation is very high and thus it is suitable
for only rich passengers, mails and light and costly cargo

Advantages of air It have High Speed:

 The best advantage of air transport is its high speed and It is the fastest mode of transport;
therefore, it is the most suitable mean because time is an important factor.

It is Comfortable and Quick Services: Air transport offers a steady, relaxed, well-organized and quick
service.

It is Easy for Access: Air transport can be used to carry goods and people to the areas which are not
accessible by other means of transport.
Disadvantages of Air Transport

High Costs:

 It means the charges of air transport are so high that it is beyond the reach of the common man.

Uncertain and Unreliable:

 Air transport is uncertain and unreliable as it is controlled based on the level of weather
conditions. Unfavourable weather such as fog, snow or heavy rain etc. may cause cancellation of
scheduled flights and suspension of air service.

More Risks:

 Air transport is prone to accidents. A small mistake can be very dangerous for passengers.
Hijacking of planes is easily possible.

Small Carrying Capacity: Its carrying volume is very small.

Other Forms of Transportation

 Animal-powered transport: which is mostly referred to as a beast of burden. It is the oldest

means of transportation; this usually involves the use of animals for the transportation of
people and goods. Humans may ride some of the higher animals directly, or harness them

 Human-powered transport: this is another form of transport, which includes people, goods or
both transported from one place to another using human muscle-power, in the form of walking,
running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to take over human power.
Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of cost-saving, physical exercise, leisure,
and environmentalism; it is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or
inaccessible regions.

 Spaceflight: is a means of transport that moves out of Earth’s atmosphere into outer space by
means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is not
commonly used except to put satellites into orbit and conduct scientific experiments.

 Cable transport: cable transport is a broad class of transport modes that have cables as the
foundation for transporting goods or people, often in vehicles called cable cars. The cable may
be driven or passive; items may be moved by pulling, sailing, sliding, or by drives within the
object being moved on cableways, this is another means of transport used in the mountain. The
use of pulleys and balancing of loads going up and down are common elements of cable
transport.

The Role of Transportation in Tourism Development

 Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions

 Without transportation there won’t be the travel and tourism industry, people won’t have
means to reach another places that they desire to see.
  The development on transportation is linked to the development of tourism, if international
tourism grows, international transportation also grows.

 To reach their destinations tourists have to choose between four main types of transportation,
depending on many factors.

CHAPTER 2A AIR TRANSPORTATION

What is Air Transport?

➢ Air transport is any type of transport that moves through the air.

➢ Any vehicle that can sustain flight is part of the air transport industry, and there are various
different types.

➢ From short domestic flights to long haul international travel, air transport is a big part of
the travel and tourism industry.

The History of Air Travel

➢ The Wright Brothers first plane was actually a glider

➢ The Wright Brothers didn't have an advanced way to turn left or right.

➢ Orvelle Wright became the first person to achieve

➢ Controlled power flight. He stayed up in the air for 12 seconds.

The Helicopter

➢ The first practical idea of a human carrying helicopter was first conceived by Leonardo da Vinci
in the 15th century.

➢ Igor Sikorsky pioneered the first helicopter in 1939.

➢ The Bell helicopter was the first helicopter to be licensed for use in the US in 1946.
The Concorde

➢ The Concorde was a passenger air plane that could fly at twice the speed of sound.

➢ The Concorde began flying with

passengers in 1976 but could only take 100 people plus crew.

➢ Only 16 aircraft were ever built.

➢ In July 2000 a Concorde crashed near

Paris and 113 people were killed. In 2003 the last Concorde flights took place.

➢ Most Concorde air planes are now kept in museums.

TYPES OF AIR TRANSPORTATION

Aeroplanes

➢ Also known as aircraft, airplanes or simply planes, an aeroplane is a powered, fixed-wing

aircraft.

➢ Using a jet engine, propellers or a rocket engine, an aeroplane flies through the air and is one of
the most popular types of air transport.

➢ Planes come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes with different wing configurations, and are
used in many ways.

➢ They are used to transport people and goods, for research, within the military, simply for
recreation and more.

➢ Planes are flown by an on-board pilot or a group of pilots, with the help of automated
technologies.

➢ Aeroplane technology was used in a limited way during World War I, and it continued to
develop from then on. It is ever-evolving, and planes make up a huge portion of all types of air
transport vehicles.

The Biggest

➢ The Hughes H-4 Hercules, also known as the Spruce Goose, was a prototype aircraft with the
widest wingspan of any aeroplane ever made – an incredible 97.5 metres. For a sense of scale,
the clock tower at the Houses of Parliament (Big Ben) is 96 metres tall.

➢ Only one was ever built – and it made a single flight. It was supposed to bypass dangerous
shipping routes between the US and Britain during WWII, but the plane wasn’t completed until
well after the end of the war.

➢ The project was abandoned – there was no need for a wooden framed aircraft after wartime
aluminum restrictions were lifted.
 Biggest Payload (and Heaviest Aircraft)

The Antonov An-225 holds a few records. It’s absolutely gigantic – with a nose to tail length and
wingspan greater than any plane in service today. It’s the heaviest aircraft ever made, and able
to carry more weight than any other in history. It can fly with 250,000 kg of onboard cargo and
can transport spaceplanes on its back.

The Smallest

The Guinness World Record title of smallest and lightest turbofan-powered plane goes to the
Bede BD-5, which has retained the honour since 1971 with its featherlight weight of 162.7 kg.

The Fastest

The fastest air breathing, takeoff capable aircraft ever built was the Lockheed SR-71, nicknamed
Habu, Lady in Black and most famously – Blackbird. Nothing has matched Blackbird’s speed since
1976, when it was clocked flying at 2,193.2 mph (3,529.6 km/h). It was initially retired in 1990
but from 1993 to 1999, it was used again for military operations and NASA research.

The Slowest

The slowest powered plane ever flown (even if it was human powered) was the MacCready
Gossamer Albatross. And it was very slow – topping out at 18mph. But, you can’t expect much
from a pedal-powered plane.

The Most Expensive

the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is by far the most expensive aircraft ever produced. After
engineering, testing and development, the entire B-2 program cost an eye-watering $44.75
billion. That’s a $2.13 billion per unit cost.

The Cheapest

A Light Sports Aircraft (LSA) is probably the most apt category to start looking at, as vehicles in
this category look distinctly plane-like. And the cheapest, fully built, ready to fly plane available
to buy is the SkyReach BushCat – with a basic model available for just $56,000.

Helicopters

➢ A helicopter is a rotorcraft – lift and thrust actions are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors
which allow the helicopter to take off and land vertically, hover, and fly forward, backward and
laterally.

➢ The first operational helicopter was made in 1936.

➢ Helicopters can be used in congested areas where a fixed-wing aircraft (a plane) wouldn’t work
so well.
 ➢ Helicopters are used by search and rescue groups as well as law enforcement and news & media
companies. This is because they can hover in one area for an extended period of time which is
great if you are looking for something in particular or filming.

➢ They are also used by firefighters for this reason. Other helicopter uses include medical
transport, tourism and small cargo transportation.

The Fastest

SIKORSKY X2

The Sikorsky X2 now holds the record for the fastest helicopter in the world. The helicopter first
set the unofficial record in 2010 when a demonstrator model reached 287 mph but since
production has achieved faster speeds.

The Smallest

The GEN H-4 has two rotors turning in opposite directions to maintain stability, and four engines
that enables a 30-minute flight with a top speed of about 56 mph.

A Guinness World Records spokeswoman confirmed the recognition of Yanagisawa’s helicopter

as the world’s smallest model in terms of weight and its rotor length of 13 feet.

The Biggest

Mi-26 (Halo)

The Mi-26, popularly known as Halo, is the world’s largest helicopter in production. It is a twin-
turbine heavy-lift helicopter designed and produced by Russian Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant.

Since its debut at the Paris Air Show in 1981, the Halo has been sold to 20 countries around the
world. The helicopter is used for both military and civilian missions and is available in 13
variants, which can lift up to 56,000kg.

Most Expensive

Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma

29 million gets your Eurocopter’s flagship product, and it will likely fulfill all your needs, and
more. It can easily fit 24 passengers, but of course, VIP versions are designed to carry fewer
people in more luxury. It takes a crew of three to operate, of which one is a flight attendant.

Cheapest

Brantly B-2

The Brantly B-2 is the world’s cheapest helicopter. For the most part it is generally considered to
be a complete failure, but it has excelled in at least one aspect: price.

Brantly built the entire helicopter on price, giving it lower specs than its competitors, although,
sold it on price, at an incredibly low $100,000.
Hot Air Balloon

➢ The first successful type of air transportation that carried humans was the hot air balloon. The
Montgolfier brothers developed the idea of designing a large bag or balloon that held hot air in
the late 1700s.

➢ Passengers and the heat source were placed in a gondola or wicker basket underneath the
balloon. Since hot air rises, the balloon flew according to the direction of the wind. By cooling
the balloon's temperature, the passengers safely floated back to earth.

➢ Today's hot air balloons use almost the exact same technology; however, they are able to design
the balloons into nearly any shape imaginable.

Blimps

➢ Blimps and hot air balloons are used to transport people for recreational purposes. They cover a
limited area that enables tourists to see a location on a larger scope than if they tried to view
the area from the ground. Blimps used to be a form of commercial transport but are no longer
used for that.

Zeppelins

➢ Zeppelin: a Zeppelin was a type of rigid airship named after the German Count Ferdinand von
Zeppelin, it consists of a cigar-shaped, trussed, and covered frame supported by internal gas
cells. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin designed Zeppelin in the early 20th century. Zeppelins
almost look like blimps but they differ by two points: Zeppelins have a metal skeleton with a
rigid covering, and they use hydrogen gas to float. These two elements made zeppelins larger
when compared to blimps.

Rockets

➢ Rocket: a rocket is any vehicle that uses a rocket engine; it includes a missile, spacecraft, aircraft
or other vehicle. Rockets have been used at least since the 13th century for small-scale military
applications and recreational displays. Rockets work more in space than in the atmosphere, the
engines work by action and reaction of pushing the rockets forward simply by expelling their
exhaust in the opposite direction at high speed, and can therefore work in the vacuum of space.

Glider

➢ A glider, which is also called sailplane, is a type of glider aircraft used in the sport of gliding or
for recreational activity. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined and are capable of gaining
altitude when flown in rising air. Some modern gliders are made of an aluminum, alloy or
composite frame covered with synthetic sailcloth which forms the wings.
AIR TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 2B

Air Transport Association

The premier trade group of the principal U.S. airlines. ATA airline members and their affiliates transport
more than 90% of U.S. airline passenger and cargo traffic.

Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)

EAA is a growing and diverse organization of members with a wide range of aviation interests and
backgrounds. EAA was founded in 1953 by a group of individuals, who were interested in building their
own airplanes. Through the decades, the organization expanded its mission to include antiques, classics,
war birds, aerobatic aircraft, ultralights, helicopters and contemporary manufactured aircraft..

Flight Safety Foundation (FSA)

An independent, nonprofit, international organization engaged in research, auditing, education,

advocacy and publishing to improve aviation safety. The Foundation’s mission is to pursue the
continuous improvement of global aviation safety and the prevention of accidents. The Foundation, with
members from more than 142 nations around the globe, transcends local, regional or national political
interests.

General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)

A national trade association representing 55 manufacturers of fixed-wing aircraft, engines, avionics, and
components. In addition to building nearly all the general aviation aircraft flying in the United States
today, GAMA member companies also operate aircraft fleets, airport fixed-based operations, pilot
schools, and training facilities across the nation.

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

It is a non-governmental entity and trade association that is primarily concerned with the enforcement
of private sector standards — with an emphasis on commercial airlines, travel agencies, and consumers.
Its purpose is to ensure safety and efficiency for travelers by implementing international standards
through its IATA Operation Safety Audit — which is mandated by many governments.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Creates regulations for aviation safety, security, efficiency and regularity and environmental protection.
The organization also regulates operating practices and procedures covering the technical field of
aviation.

It is the sole international organization with legal authority to implement — and revise — standards on
infrastructure, navigation technology, flight inspections, and cross-border procedures for international
flights.
Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP)

The Society of Experimental Test Pilots is an international organization that seeks to promote air safety
and contributes to aeronautical advancement by promoting sound aeronautical design and
development; interchanging ideas, thoughts and suggestions of the members, assisting in the
professional development of experimental pilots, and providing scholarships and aid to members and
the families of deceased members.

AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINES

MAINLINES

1. CEBGO
➢ Founded in 1995
➢ Founded as South East Asian Airlines. Operates as Cebu Pacific.
➢ IATA CODE: DG
➢ ICAO CODE: SRQ

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Cebu
• Manila

Callsign:

• BLUE JAY

2. Cebu Pacific
➢ Founded in1988
➢ Founded as Cebu Air and commenced operations in 1996 as Cebu Pacific.
➢ IATA CODE: 5J
➢ ICAO CODE: CEB

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Cebu
• Cagayan de Oro
• Manila
• Clark
• Davao
• Iloilo
• Kalibo
• Zamboanga

Callsign:

• CEBU
3. PAL Express
➢ Founded in 1995
➢ Founded as Air Philippines and commenced operations in 1996. Operates as Philippine Airlines.
➢ IATA CODE: 2P
➢ ICAO CODE: GAP

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila
• Cebu
• Clark
• Davao
• Zamboanga

Callsign:

• AIRPHIL

4. Philippine Airlines
➢ Founded in 1935
➢ Founded as Philippine Aerial Taxi Company and commenced operations in 1941 as Philippine Air
Lines. Asia's first and oldest airline.
➢ IATA CODE: PR
➢ ICAO: PAL

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Cebu
• Manila

Callsign:

• PHILIPPINE

5. Philippines AirAsia
➢ Founded in 2010
➢ Founded as AirAsia Philippines.
➢ IATA CODE: Z2
➢ ICAO CODE: APG

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila
• Cebu
• Clark
• Davao
 • Kalibo
• Puerto Princesa

Callsign:

• COOL RED

REGIONAL AIRLINES

1. AirJuan
➢ Founded in 2012
➢ IATA CODE: AO

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Puerto Princesa

Callsign:

• AIR JUAN

2. AirSwift
➢ Founded in 2002
➢ Founded as Island Transvoyager.
➢ IATA CODE: T6
➢ ICAO CODE: ATX

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila
• El Nido

Callsign:

• AIRSWIFT

3. Alphaland Aviation
➢ Founded in 2015
➢ IATA CODE: C9
➢ ICAO CODE: BIC

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Clark
• Manila

Callsign:

• BALESIN
4. Royal Air Philippines
➢ Founded in 2002
➢ A former chartered airline, Royal Air started regular scheduled services under new
management since July 2017 using three AVRO146-RJ100 jets.
➢ IATA CODE: RW
➢ ICAO CODE: RYL

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Clark
• Cebu

Callsign:

• DOUBLE GOLD

5. Skyjet Airlines
➢ Founded in 2005
➢ Commenced operations in 2012.
➢ IATA CODE: M8
➢ ICAO CODE: MSJ

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila

Callsign:

• MAGNUM AIR

6. Sunlight Air
➢ Founded in 2020
➢ Founded as Sunlight Summit Hotel.

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila

Callsign:

• BLUE HUMAN
7. Skypasada
➢ Founded in 2010
➢ IATA CODE: SP
➢ ICAO CODE: WCC

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Manila
 Callsign:

• SKY PASADA

8. XPlor Asia Airways

➢ Founded in 2012
➢ IATA CODE: XO
➢ ICAO CODE: SGD

Hubs and Focus Cities:

• Clark
• Manila

Callsign:

• AIR BLUE

KEY PLAYERS IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE

1. Singapore Airlines 2. Air New Zealand

3. Qantas 4. Qatar Airways

5. Virgin Australia 6. Emirates

7. ANA (ALL Nippon Airways)

8. EVA Airlines

9. Cathay Pacific

10. Japan Airlines

BEST AIRLINES IN 2020 ACCORDING TO FORBES

➢ Best First Class: Singapore Airlines took the top prize again with its new first-class suites.

➢ Best Business Class: Despite slipping to number nine in the overall rankings, Qatar Airways
held onto its best business class title again this year. “The airline’s Qsuite is a first-class
experience in business class,” said Thomas. “It leaves little to chance, and our judges rated it
as one of the best overall business-class products they had seen. It sets a standard to which
some airlines can only aspire.”

➢ Best Premium Economy: Air New Zealand won this round thanks to comfortable seats and
upscale amenities.

➢ Best Economy: Virgin Australia pulled out the win here thanks to spacious cabins in its
Boeing 777 long-haul fleet.

➢ Best Cabin Crew: Virgin Australia also took home this trophy for the second year in a row.
“Virgin Australia has redefined the travel experience with its Economy X, Premium Economy,
and standout Business Class,” said Thomas. “Add to that its cabin crew, which are the
world’s best, and you have another airline punching well above its weight.”

➢ Best Catering: Qatar Airways scored in this category for another year thanks to dine-on-
demand service.

➢ Best Lounges: Qantas Airways remained the champ in this category for yet another year.
“The judges were unanimous on the airline’s lounges which are exceptional,” said Thomas.

➢ Best In-Flight Entertainment: Emirates won this category last year, too. “Emirates was one
of the pioneers of IFE, and one of the first to install seatback videos in economy,” explained
Thomas. “Today’s its IFE platform ICE is in a class of its own.”

➢ Domestic Airline of the Year: Qantas picked up the prize for best domestic airline service
with a call out to its premium transcontinental product aboard the Airbus A330.

➢ Most Improved Airline: Philippine airline Cebu Pacific took home the top spot in this
category thanks to “a move to expand its global footprint using new generation fuel-
efficient aircraft,” said Thomas.

➢ Best Ultra-Low-Cost Carrier: Vietnam-based carrier VietJet once again earned top honors
here thanks to “a smart business plan that brings affordable travel to millions.”
➢ Best Long-Haul Airline: AirlineRatings.com breaks this category down by region in the
following way: Emirates (Middle East/Africa), Cathay Pacific (Asia), Lufthansa (Europe) and
Delta (Americas).

➢ Best Low-Cost Airline: Also ranked by region, the winners here were JetBlue (Americas),
Wizz (Europe), Air Asia/AirAsia X (Asia/Pacific) and Air Arabia (Middle East/Africa)