CoE423 - Microprocessor Systems

Chapter 1
Introduction to Microprocessors

Subtopics
n n n n

The Microprocessor, defined Intels 4-bit processors Intels 8-bit processors Intels 16-bit processors

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

The Microprocessor
n

Microprocessor, defined
n n

the heart of any normal computer

q

whether it is a desktop machine, a server or a laptop a Pentium a K6 a PowerPC a Sparc any of the many other brands and types of microprocessors

might be:
q q q q q

(sometimes abbreviated P) is a digital electronic component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor integrated circuit (IC). One or more microprocessors typically serve as a central processing unit (CPU) in a computer system or handheld device.

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Classification of Intel Microprocessors

Intel Microprocessors

n n n n n

4-bit processors 8-bit processors 16-bit processors 32-bit processors 64-bit processors

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microprocessors

CoE423 - Microprocessor Systems

Intel 4004

Intels 4-bit processors

n n n n n n n n n

first single-chip processor Introduced November 15-16, 1971 Clock speed 740 kHz 0.06 MIPS Bus Width 4 bits (multiplexed address/data) PMOS Number of Transistors 2,300 at 10 m Addressable Memory 640 bytes Program Memory 4 KB

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 4040
n n n n n n n n n

Introduced 4th Qtr, 1974 Clock speed:500-740 kHz using 4 to 5.185 MHz xtals 0.06 MIPS Bus Width 4 bits (multiplexed address/data) PMOS Number of Transistors 3,000 at 10 m Addressable Memory 640 bytes Program Memory 8 KB Enhanced version of 4004

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 8008
n

Intels 8-bit processors

n n n n n n n n

first commercial 8-bit processor Introduced: April 1, 1972 Clock speed: 500 kHz (8008-1: 800 kHz) 0.05 MIPS Bus Width: 8 bits (multiplexed address/data) PMOS Number of Transistors: 3,500 at 10 m Addressable memory: 16 KB Typical in dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling machines

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microprocessors

CoE423 - Microprocessor Systems

Intel 8008
n n n n n n n n

Intel 8080
Introduced: April 1, 1974 Clock speed: 2 to 3.1 MHz 0.64 MIPS Bus Width: 8 bits data, 16 bits address NMOS Addressable memory: 64 KB 10X the performance of the 8008 Used in the Altair 8800, Traffic light controller, cruise missile Required six support chips vs. 20 for the 8008

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 8080
n n n n n n n n n

Intel 8085
Introduced: March 1976 Clock speed 5 MHz 0.37 MIPS Bus Width 8 bits data, 16 bits address Number of Transistors 6,500 at 3 m Assembly language downwards compatible with 8080. Used in Toledo scale. Also was used as a computer peripheral controller - modems, harddisks, etc... CMOS 80C85 in Radio Shack Model 100 portable. High level of integration, operating for the first time on a single 5 volt power supply, from 12 volts previously. Also featured two serial I/O connections.

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 8085

Intels 16-bit processors

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microprocessors

CoE423 - Microprocessor Systems

Intel 8086
n n

Intel 8088
n n

n n n n n n

Introduced: June 8, 1978 Clock speeds: q 5 MHz with 0.33 MIPS q 8 MHz with 0.66 MIPS q 10 MHz with 0.75 MIPS Memory: divided into odd and even banks, accesses both the banks simultaneously to read 16 bit of data in one clock cycle Bus Width: 16 bits data, 20 bits address Number of Transistors: 29,000 at 3 m Addressable memory: 1 MB 10X the performance of 8080 Used in portable computing Used segment registers to access more than 64 KB of data at once, bane of programmers' existence for years to come

Introduced: June 1, 1979 Clock speeds:

q q

5 MHz with 0.33 MIPS 8 MHz with 0.75 MIPS

n n n n n

Internal architecture: 16 bits External bus Width: 8 bits data, 20 bits address Number of Transistors: 29,000 at 3 m Addressable memory: 1 mebibyte Identical to 8086 except for its 8 bit external bus (hence an 8 instead of a 6 at the end) Used in IBM PCs and PC clones

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 80186
n n

Intel 80188
n

Introduced 1982 Used mostly in embedded applications controllers, point-of-sale systems, terminals, and the like Included two timers, a DMA controller, and an interrupt controller on the chip in addition to the processor Later renamed the iAPX 186

A version of the 80186 with an 8-bit external data bus Later renamed the iAPX 188

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Intel 80286
n n

Introduced: February 1, 1982 Clock speeds:

q q q q

6 MHz with 0.9 MIPS 8 MHz, 10 MHz with 1.5 MIPS 12.5 MHz with 2.66 MIPS 16 MHZ, 20MHz and 25MHz available.

n n n n n n n n

Bus Width: 16 bits Included memory protection hardware to support multitasking operating systems with per-process address space Number of Transistors: 134,000 at 1.5 m Addressable memory: 16 mebibytes Added protected-mode features to 8086 with essentially the same instruction set 3-6X the performance of the 8086 Widely used in PC clones at the time Can scan the Encyclopdia Britannica in 45 seconds

CoE423 Microprocessor Systems

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microprocessors