TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY

Founded 1928
Recognized by the Government
Candelaria, Quezon

Learning Plan for

MATHEMATICS
Grade 9
 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

Six Basic
Trigonometric Ratios

KIANA ROSE P. HENSON

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 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
Founded 1928 | Recognized by the Government | Candelaria, Quezon 4323

LEARNING PLAN
Subject: MATHEMATICS 9 Date: February 21 - March 18
Section: Acacia Time 8:20-9:20 (Monday)
:
Lauan 1:40-2:40 (Monday)
Cypress 8:20-9:20 (Tuesday)
Sycamore 8:20-9:20 (Wednesday)
Guijo 8:20-9:20 (Thursday)

PHILOSOPHY: The Tayabas Western Academy is a recognized

educational institution that enhances minds, cultivates values,
enhances minds, and lives in wisdom through holistic education.

MISSION: Tayabas Western Academy, the School of Choice,

provides quality education that promotes a culture of excellence
and instills positive values for responsible and productive
citizenship.

VISION: To be globally competent, confident, competitive and

proactive learning community in nation building.

GOALS: The Tayabas Western Academy works toward the

realization of these goals: to create an engaging environment for
academic support which enables students to reach their full
potentials, develop 21st century skills, values and behavior
needed to perform as confident, independent, active learners.

OBJECTIVES: As an educational institution, Tayabas Western

Academy aims to accomplish the following objectives:
 Nurture a culture of academic excellence;
 Develop competent, capable and independent learners;
 Instill values of love of God and country;
 Show respect for all;
 Instill honesty, punctuality, and concern for others;
 Participate actively in social, political, and spiritual
community affairs.

Solving Quadratic Equations, Functions and Equalities

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of the basic concepts of
trigonometry
Performance Standard
The learner is able to apply the concepts of trigonometric ratios to formulate
and solve real-life with precision and accuracy.

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Essential Question
How do you apply the concepts of trigonometric ratios to the model and solve
real-life problem.

Enduring Understanding
The students will understand that the concepts, laws, formulas of
trigonometric ratios which deal more with indirectly measuring heights and
distances in right angles, can be used in solving real-life problems.

Transfer Goal
Students on their own will appreciate the vast use of trigonometric ratios and
to realize how important these ratios are for lots of people in their respective
fields of works.

Lesson 6
21st Century Skills
Critical Thinking
Collaboration
Compute/ICT Literacy
Problem Solving

I-LEARNING TARGETS At the end of the lesson, you will be able to…

 Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios:

 Sine
 Cosine
 Tangent
 Secant
 Cosecant
 Cotangent

 Find the trigonometric ratios of special angles.

II-ASSESSMENTS
Homework

III-TOPIC Six Basic Trigonometric Ratios

RESOURCES:
Next Century Mathematics
by: Fernado B. Orines

A Modular Textbook for the 21st Century Learner

A. EXPLORE STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

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 TAYABAS WESTERN ACADEMY
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PRAYER
Before we start, let us feel
the presence of our Lord.
Our Father, who art in
heaven, hallowed be thy
name; thy kingdom come;
thy will be done on earth as
it is in heaven. Give us this
day our daily bread; and
forgive us our trespasses as
we forgive those who
trespass against us; and
lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
Amen.

Good morning class!

Good morning, Ma’am!

Are there any absent

students today?
None, Ma’am!

Very Good!

Now, let’s have a quick

review first.

Class, who among you can

recall about our past lesson? Our past lesson was about
quadrilaterals and
triangles.
Very good!
How about the others?
What have you learned on I have learned how to prove
our past lessons? and solve the Pythagorean
Theorem and the special
right triangle theorem.

Very good! Last meeting, we

tackled about quadrilaterals,
triangles, and the
Pythagorean theorem.

So before we proceed to
our new lesson, let us have
first an activity called,
scrambled word game.

Here, you’re going to re-

arrange the letters for you to
be able to get the correct

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answer on the following

questions.

Are you ready, class?

Let us start!

1. It is a branch of
mathematics that
deals with the sides
and angles of a right- TRIGONOMETRY
angled triangle.

R G R T Y I N O M E O T

2. This is the longest HYPOTENUSE

side of a right
triangle.

O E P H Y T N U S E
OPPOSITE
3. This is also called as
the contrasting side.

P O P O I S T E

4. In trigonometry this
ADJACENT
side of a right triangle
is the side next to the
angle.
C E A J N T D A

5. It is the comparison
of two quantities of
the same units that
indicates how much
of one quantity is RATIOS
present in the other
quantity.

S O I T A R

Very good, class! All of

your answers are correct.

Today, we’re going to talk

about the Six Basic
Trigonometric Ratios and
those words that we

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encountered in our activity

are related to our topic for
today.

Trigonometry is a branch
of mathematics that deals
with the sides and angles of The three sides of the right
triangle are:
a right-angled triangle.

Class, who can tell me  Hypotenuse (the

what are the three sides of a longest side)
right triangle?  Perpendicular
(opposite side to the
angle)
 Base (Adjacent side
to the angle)

(Student will tell if they did

an advance reading or not.)
That’s correct!

Now, who among you did

an advance reading?

Thank you class for doing

an advance reading about
the trigonometric ratios.

Trigonometric Ratios are

defined as the values of all
the trigonometric functions
based on the value of the
ratio of sides in a right-
angled triangle. The ratios of
sides of a right-angled
triangle with respect to any Sine, cosine, tangent,
of its acute angles are known cotangent, secant,
as the trigonometric ratios of cosecant.
that particular angle.

So my question is, what

are the six basic
trigonometric ratio?

Very good!

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Now, we’re going to

discuss on how to find
Trigonometric Ratios?

OBJECTIVES- Develop
competent, capable and
independent)

LEARNING B. FIRM-UP (ACQUISITION)

COMPETENCIES:
Lesson Proper
A1. Illustrate the
six trigonometric Discussion
ratios: The six basic
1. Sine
trigonometric ratios are
2. Cosine
3. Tangent based on the relationships
4. Secant among the sides and angles
5. Cosecant of the right triangles. Hence,
6. Cotangent basic trigonometry is also
called right-angle

trigonometry.

Let us label the sides of

right triangle ABC as shown
in the figure.
We call angles A and B,
simply A and B and they are
acute angles of the right
triangle and are
complementary.
a is the side opposite ∠A;
b is the side adjacent to ∠A.

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b is the side opposite ∠B;

a is the side adjacent to ∠B.
c is the hypotenuse.

The six basic trigonometric

ratios defined on A.

1. The Sine Ratio

The sine of A is the ratio
of the side opposite A to
the hypotenuse written as

a
sin A =
c

2. The Cosine Ratio

The cosine of A is the
ratio of the side adjacent
to A to the hypotenuse
written as

b
cos A =
c

3. The Tangent Ratio

The tangent of A is the
ratio of the opposite side
to the adjacent side of A.

a
tan A =
b

The next three ratios are

reciprocals of the first three
ratios.

4. The Cotangent Ratio

The cotangent of A from
the complement’s tangent
of A, is the ratio of the
adjacent side to the
opposite side of A.

b
cot A =
a

5. The Secant Ratio

The secant of A is the
ratio of the hypotenuse to
the adjacent side of A.

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c
sec A =
b

6. The Cosecant Ratio

The cosecant of A, or the
complement’s secant of A,
is the ratio of the
hypotenuse to the
opposite side of A.

c
csc A =
a

Which ratios are

reciprocals?

a b
sin A = cos A = a c
c c sin A = and csc A =
c a
a b
tan A = cot A = b c
b a cos A = and sec A =
c b
c c
sec A = csc A = a b
b a tan A = and cot A =
b a

Very good!

Class, in finding the 6

trigonometric ratios, you Cosecant
need to remember this
acronym.
The Soh Cah Toa
Secant
o a o
sinA = cos = tan =
h h a

And in finding the other

three trigonometric ratios,
you just need to remember Cotangent
what their reciprocals are.

Again, what is the

reciprocal of sine?

That’s correct!

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How about the cosine?

Good job!
While tangent is the
reciprocal of what
trigonometric ratio?
Let 3 be the adjacent side
of A.
Very good, class! Let 4 be the opposite side of
A.
I have here example of Let 5 be the hypotenuse.
how to find the 6
trigonometric ratios of a right sin A = 4 csc A =
5
triangle. 5 4

Find the 6 trigonometric cos A = 3 sec A =

5
ratios of A using the right 5 3
triangle.
4 3
B tan A =
3
cot A =
4

4 5

C A
3
Let 4 be the adjacent side
Who wants to answer?
of B.
Let 3 be the opposite side of
B.
Let 5 be the hypotenuse.

3 5
sin A = csc A =
5 3

4 5
cos A = sec A =
5 4
B 3 4
tan A = cot A =
4 3

4 5

Very good class!

C A
3
How about if we will going

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to find the 6 trigonometric

ratios of B using the same
triangle.

What will be your Let p be the adjacent side of

answers? X.
Let n be the opposite side of
X.
Let m be the hypotenuse.

n m
sin X = csc X =
m n

p m
cos X = sec X =
m p

n p
tan X = cot X =
p n

Excellent! Let r be the adjacent side of

Y.
I have here another Let n be the opposite side of
example. Y.
Let t be the hypotenuse.

n t
sin Y = csc Y =
t n

r t
cos Y = sec Y =
t r

n r
tan Y = cot Y =
r n

Here, you need to find the

6 trigonometric ratios of X
and Y.

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1. Find the 6 trigonometric

ratios of X.

Very good!

2. How about the 6

trigonometric ratios of
Y?

By applying the
Pythagorean Theorem
which has a formula of a 2+
b2 = c2

How about if the given

right triangle is like this.

1 1
2 3
P
?
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12
Given that sin P =
13
,
how are we going to find the
other five trigonometric
ratios of P.

Here, before finding the

other 5 trigonometric ratios,
we need first to get the
length of the missing side of
the right triangle.

From our past lesson, how

do we get the value of the
missing side? What formula
shall we use?

Let 5 be the adjacent side

Very good! So, we’re going of P.
to use a 2+b 2 = c 2, where a and Let 12 be the opposite side
b are the legs while c is the of P.
hypotenuse. Let 13 be the hypotenuse.

Now, let’s solve for the cos P = 5 csc P =

13
missing side length. 13 12

Given: 12 13
tan P = sec P =
hypotenuse = 13 5 5
leg 1 = 12
leg2 = ? 5
cot P =
12

Solution:
2 2 2
a +b = c
2 2 2
12 +b = 13
1 2
144 +b = 169 1
2
b = 169 – 144
2
3
b 2 = 25
√ b = √ 25
2

b=5 P
5

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Since that we already find

the missing side length, we
can now proceed on finding
the other 5 trigonometric
ratios of P.

So what’s your answer?

Very good, class!

(GOALS - develop 21st century

skills, values and behavior
needed to perform as
confident, independent,
active learners.)
(PHILOSOPHY -Enhance
Minds)
LEARNING C.DEEPEN (MAKE
COMPETENCIES: MEANING)

M1. Find the Special Right Triangles

trigonometric
ratios od special Who among you

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angles. remembered the two special

right triangles that we
discussed before?
The 45º - 45º- 90º triangle
and the 30º - 60º- 90º
triangle.
That’s correct!

A C

This is an isosceles right

triangle. What have you This is a triangle that has
notice to an isosceles right two acute angles that are
triangle? equal and measure and one
right angles which measure
90º.

Very good!

In the figure, A and B have

equal measures; they are
also complementary.
Therefore, each angle
measures 45º. Meaning to
say that the sides opposite to
45º angle should also be the
same.
If we will going to recall
Theorem 3.31 which is the
45º - 45º- 90º Triangle
Theorem, it is said there that
the length of the hypotenuse
is equal to the length of the
leg times √ 2.
I have here an example of

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a
45º - 45º- 90º triangle and
you’re going to find the 6
trigonometric ratios of ∠A.

√2
1
Let 1 be the adjacent side
of A.
Let 1 be the opposite side of
A C A.
Let √ 2 be the hypotenuse.
1
1 √2
What is your answer,
sin A =
√2
csc A =
1
=√2
class?
1 √2
cos A =
√2
sec A =
1
=√2

1 1
tan A = =1 cot A = =1
1 1

Very Good!

How about if the given

A
This is a scalene right
triangle. Where in theorem
3.32, it is said there that in

2 a 30º - 60º- 90º triangle,

the shorter leg or the side
30º opposite to the 30º angle is
one half the length of the
hypotenuse meaning that
60º
C B
the hypotenuse is twice the
1 shorter leg while the length

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right triangle has angles that of the longer leg is equal to

measure 30º - 60º- 90º? the shorter leg time √ 3.
What do you call this
triangle?

Yes, ma’am!

1
sin A =
2

√3
cos A =
2
Excellent!
1 √3
Now, can you find the 6 tan A = √ 3 or 3
trigonometric ratios of A?

2 2√3
Okay, what is your sec A = √ 3 or 3
answer?
2
csc A = = 2
1

√3
cot A =
√2

Very good!

Take Note:
If you we’re going to find
the 6 trigonometric ratios of
all the angles of the special
right triangles, you will

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notice that the trigonometric

ratios of the complementary
angles of the special triangles
are equal.

(GOALS - develop 21st century

skills, values and behavior
needed to perform as
confident, independent,
active learners.)
(PHILOSOPHY -Enhance
Minds)

LEARNING D.TRANSFER (TRANSFER)

COMPETENCIES:
Do as instructed.
T1. Solve
problems that 1. Determine the 6
involve the 6 basic trigonometric ratios of
trigonometric Z. Simplify the ratios.
ratios.
Let 12 be the adjacent side
of Z.
Let 35 be the opposite side
of Z.
Let 37 be the hypotenuse.

35 37
sin Z = csc Z =
37 35

12 37
cos Z = sec Z =
37 12

35 12
tan Z = cot Z =
12 35

2. Determine the 6
trigonometric ratios of
D. Simplify the ratios.
According to 45º - 45º- 90º
Triangle Theorem, the
length of the hypotenuse is

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equal to the length of the

D leg times√ 2 while the length
of the legs are the same to
each other.

If ℓ = 7, then x = 7 and h
is,
h = ℓ√ 2
h = 7√ 2
L P
Let x be the adjacent side of
D.
Let 7 be the opposite side of
D.
Let 7√ 2 be the hypotenuse.

Solution:
7 √2 7√ 2
sin D = =
7√2 √2
= 7√ 4
7√2 7√2 √2
= 7∗2 = 14 = 2

7√2 √2
sin D =
14
or 2

7 √2 7√ 2
cos D = =
7√2 √2
= 7√ 4
7√2 7√2 √2
= 7∗2 = 14 = 2

7√2 √2
cos D =
14
or 2

7
tan D = =1
7

2 √2 2√2
csc D = =
√2 √2
= √4
=
2√2
2

csc D = √ 2

2 √2
sec D = = = 2√√42 =
√2 √2
2√2
2

csc D = √ 2

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7
tan D = =1
7

3. Determine the 6
trigonometric ratios of
B. Simplify the ratios.

According to 30º - 60º- 90º

Triangle Theorem, the
length of the hypotenuse is
twice the shorter leg while
the length of the longer leg
24 is equal to the length of the
shorter leg times√ 3.
ℓ
Let h be the hypotenuse.
Let s be the shorter leg.
Let ℓ be the longer leg.
s S
Given: h=24
If h=2s, then
24 = 2s
24 2s
2 = 2

12 = s

If ℓ¿ s √ 3 , then
ℓ¿ 12√ 3

Let 12 be the adjacent side

of B.
Let 12√ 3 be the opposite
side of B.
Let 24 be the hypotenuse.

12 √ 3 √ 3
sin B =
24
=2
12 1
cos B = =
24 2

12 √ 3 1 √ 3
tan B =
12
= 1 =√ 3
2√3
csc B =
3

Solution:
2 √3 2√3
csc B = =
√3 √3
= √9
=

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2√3
3
24 2
sec B = = =
12 1
2
1 √3 √3 √3
cot B = = =
√3 √3 √9
= 3

OBJECTIVES- Develop
competent, capable and
independent)

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