EXERCISE NO.

6 Plant Environment

CROP SCIENCE 1100

PRINCIPLES OF CROP SCIENCE
NAME: Vera Nadeshna S. Eseo

SECTION: BSABE 1-3

Experiment 1. Light, Soil, Water, and Air - Basic Requirements for Plant Growth

Gather four 350 ml water bottles or plastic containers about 6-7 inches height with a
diameter of 3 inches. Punch a drainage hole at the bottom of each bottle. Fill the bottles with
garden soil 1.5 cm below the brim. Plant 10 seeds of mungbean 2-3 cm below the soil
surface. Water the soil until water is observed flowing out of the holes in the bottom of the
container. After the seedlings emerge, divide them into four different groups. Measure the height
of each group of plants before subjecting them to different growing conditions. Measure again
the height every 4 days up to 12 days. Use 3 sample plants and compute the mean. Record in
Table 1. Document the experiment from start to finish. Present it in a video presentation
or photo documentation on a separate sheet.

Condition #1 --This is the control group. The plants have soil, air, light, and
water. Provide these factors throughout the duration of the
experiment

Condition #2-- Plant has soil, light, and water but limited air supply. Seal these
plants in a large clear plastic bag. Open the container and
measure the height of the seedlings. After the measurement,
replace the plastic. Try to remove some of the air inside the
plastic by sucking using an inflated rubber bulb.

Condition #3-- Plant has soil, water, and air but does not have light. Put these
plants under a cardboard box or in the closet. Remove the
cardboard boxes/ or the experimental plants in the closet then
gather data Again replace the box or place in the closet

Condition #4-- Plant has soil, light, and air but no water. Do not water these
plants from the start of the experiment up to termination of the
experiment.

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

Data gathered:

Table 1. Plant height of mungbean plants

Plant height (cm)

No. of day(s)
after emergence Condition #1 Condition # 2 Condition # 3 Condition # 4

0 7 cm 3.3 cm 10 cm 3.2 cm

6.4 cm 2.8 cm 8.7 cm 3.6 cm

5.8 cm 3 cm 9.2 cm 1.6 cm

6.4 cm 3.03 9.3 cm 2.8 cm

4 10.8 cm 8.5 cm 17 cm 8.9 cm

12.5 cm 4.8 cm 15.6 cm 9.7 cm

12.3 cm 7.6 cm 16.8 cm 10.3 cm

11.9 cm 6.9 cm 16.5 cm 9.6 cm

8 19.4 cm 10.11 cm 18.3 cm 11 cm

21 cm 9.6 cm 21.7 cm 9.1 cm

18.3 cm 7.8 cm 20.5 cm 12.4 cm

19.6 cm 9.1 cm 20.2 cm 10.8 cm

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

12 22 cm 14 cm 0 cm 0 cm

25.8 cm 10.7 cm

27 cm 13 cm

24.9 cm 12.6 cm

Results:

Draw a line graph on plant height using the data in table 1.

Chart Title
30

25

20

15

10

0
0 4 8 12

0 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

Discussion on plant height

Laboratory six exercises study how the plant's different environments affect its growth.
Based on the experiment, there will be different conditions with the four pots, each with ten
munggo beans. In the first condition, the plants have soil, air, light, and water. The second
condition is that the plants have soil, light, and water but limited air supply. The third condition
has soil, water, and air but does not have light. The fourth condition has soil, light, and air but no
water. 

Based on my observations of the four plants' different conditions, the one that received
sunlight, air, water, and soil had excellent growth with healthy leaves and stems. The second
condition that has everything but limited air supply has a lower rate of growth, and some of the
leaves are wrinkled. The third condition that did not gain any sunlight has a higher rate of
growth, but the stems are weaker and only have two leaves, and on the tenth day it died. The
fourth condition, with no water supplied in the entire experiment, was okay at first, but on the
seventh day that the soil was dried, the growth decreased, and at the same time, the stems
were bent, the leaves dried out, and the tenth day, the plant died. 

Based on the line chart, condition one (control group) has the best growth and has a
longer life span. The second condition with limited air supply has the lowest growth rate. The
third condition with no sunlight has the highest growth rate, and the fourth condition has the
most bent growth of the stem.

Documentation

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

Experiment 2. Effect of light intensity or irradiance

Prepare three (3) plastic cups (or tin cans). Punch a drainage hole at the bottom of each cup.
Fill the cups with soil up to 1.5 cm below the brim. Sow fifteen (15) mungbean seeds in each
cup and cover with a 1-cm-thick layer of soil. Carefully water the soil and do not overwater.
Properly label each cup, then put one cup under direct sunlight, one cup under diffuse light, and
one cup under complete darkness.

Visit the set-up every day and water the plants if necessary. This is particularly true with the cup
under direct sunlight. There is no need to water the treatment that is under darkness. Observe
after one week. Write your observations in Table 2. After the visual observation, randomly
choose ten plants from each cup. Cut them at the soil level and properly label each group of
plants. Measure the stem length of each of the ten planets. Record the average in Table 2.
Document the experiment from start to finish. Present it in a video presentation or photo
documentation on a separate sheet.

Table 2. Effect of light intensity on some plant variables.

Variables Treatment

Direct sunlight Diffuse light Darkness

Stem length (cm) 19 cm 21 cm 25 cm

Stem color Green Green Yellow

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

Leaf size 3.9 cm 2.4 cm 1.8 cm

Leaf color Green Green Yellow Green

Seedling Pointed Down Pointed Down Pointed Down

orientation

Dry weight (g) 8g 7g 12 g

Other It has the It has a shorter It has a weaker

observations strongest stem leaf than the and less leaves
and straight plant in direct than the other,
beautiful growth sunlight. and has a
of leaves. I can higher rate of
see the growth but also
development of the earliest to
the stem from die.
light green to
darker green
and the bottom
part of the stem
has a brownish
hue.

Experiment 3. Effect of gravity

Look for a plant with long upright stems. Bend one stem and keep it bent by staking it to
the ground. Alternatively, you can use a potted plant. Put the pot on its side. Observe weekly for
three weeks. Draw the plant as it was at the start and at the end of the experiment. Record your
observations and discuss them.

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EXERCISE NO. 6 Plant Environment

Drawing/Photo:

Start of experiment End of experiment

Observations and Discussion:

Plants are sensitive to both the Earth's gravitational pull and the light it emits. In order to
reach the light, the stem must grow upward or away from the Earth's center. The sunlight does
not reach the roots, so they grow downward and away from it. A consequence of this is that the
roots' outer cells lengthen, causing them to point downward and away from light. When a dense
object, like a rock, comes in the way of a root's path, it will change. Roots are able to change
direction and find a way around rocks thanks to auxin, which is concentrated on the lower side
of the roots.

After flipping a plant upside down, I noticed that its stem was slowly rising upward.
Gravitropism is a fairly well-understood phenomenon. During the process of starch synthesis
and storage, amyloplasts, a non-pigment organelle found in some plant cells, come into physical
contact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There is a gradual progression of effects from the
lower side of the stem to the other. Amyloplasts are in charge of putting the shoot or root back
where it was before it started growing up.