TITLE: FACTORS OF CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA

Thesis Statement

The cause of child abuse can be caused by poor relationships between parents and children, a
family that experiences financial trouble, family disputes, addictions to alcohol, gambling, and
drugs, a lack of appreciation towards religion, economic pressure, individual level, and
community level.

Point 1 : Poor relationship between parents and child.

Supporting details :

a) Poor parenting style may be reflected in a child's low regard for his or
her parents' relationship.
b) Abuse has an indirect causal association with weak paternal attachment
or decreased parental bonding.
c) Like the example, parental drug usage, family structure (parental
divorce, presence of stepparent or single parent, or household size), and
geographic region (urban/rural) are also factors to consider.

Point 2 : Family that experience financial trouble.

Supporting details :

a) Parents, particularly mothers, were compelled to work long hours.

b) Permitted mothers to leave their children unaccompanied.
c) Permitting fathers to sexually abuse their children during their time
alone with them.

Conclusion

Child abuse can be linked to a poor-quality relationship between the child and the parent, as
well as financial difficulties in the family. Both elements are linked to familial issues that
contribute to child maltreatment.
Point 3 : Family disputes.

Supporting details :

a) According to their recent study, the study's factors were weak,

including a lack of parent-child relationships.

b) Arguments or jealousy can cause conflict between family members, as

can a lack of communication, which can lead to misunderstandings and
a lack of decisiveness.

c) A family feud can be caused by a variety of factors, including a breakup

with a partner, desertion, a lack of resources and financial difficulties,
or even interference from relatives.

Point 4 : Addiction to alcohol, gambling, and drugs.

Supporting details :

a) When one respondent was drunk, he claimed that it influenced him to

physically abuse his children.

b) Gambling addiction is frequently linked to depression, and depression

is difficult to manage and can lead to child abuse.

c) Sexual abuse by pathological gamblers occurs at a high rate.

d) According to the findings, there is an increased risk of drug use in

children who have been physically abused, and there is a strong link
between various types of child abuse and drug addicts.

Conclusion

The findings show that family conflict is the most important factor that contributes to child
abuse, and the main criterion that influences this abuse is the caregiver's occupation.
Point 5 : The lack of appreciation toward religion.

Supporting details :

a) There is no denying that some parents do not value religion in their

children's or their education.

b) Young children are viewed by parents as an additional burden rather

than a test of life that must be faced patiently and worked towards.

c) When there is a lack of religious understanding, parents blame

everything that happens to themselves and the environment.

d) Religious beliefs, according to Noor Zulaika Zulkifli Merican and

Ridzuan Hussin (2015), should be taken seriously by parents when it
comes to creating a harmonious environment in their families.

Point 6 : Economic pressures.

Supporting details :

a) Economic pressures in society, which result in uncontrolled behavior

on the child, are a disadvantage for both parents and guardians.

b) Individual attitudes and actions may become unconditionally violent as

a result of economic pressure.

c) According to Noremy Md. End et al. (2012), when faced with financial
difficulties, parents can lose control.

d) Noremy Md. End et al. also state that the psychological pressures faced
by parents increase the emotional stress that makes them furious, and
they tend to attack children when they are stressed.

Conclusion

Child abuse can be caused by a lack of appreciation towards religion as well as economic
pressure. Both of these factors are more concerned with the role of parents in protecting their
children.
Point 7 : The Risk of Child Abuse can be identified at an individual level.

Supporting details :

a) The risk factors and characteristics identified at the individual level

were demographic profile (family income), prior history of being
abused during childhood, parental mental health, alcohol consumption
and dependence with impulsivity tendency, life stressors, and empathy.

b) Parents with a low family income had a significantly higher risk of

abusing their children than other levels of income.

c) Parents with a childhood history of being abused tend to abuse their

children.

d) Mothers who suffered from mental health problems such as personality

disorders and intellectual disability had a higher risk of abusing their
children.

Point 8 : The Risk of Child Abuse can be identified at the community level.

Supporting details :

a) Parents who stayed with six or more people in the house, in a small
town or village had a significantly higher risk of abusing their child.

b) Large families with many children more than five were significantly
associated with a higher risk of physical abuse toward children.

c) Low level of emotional support by the community was associated with

physical abuse by both mother and father.

d) Collectivism was not significantly correlated with the risk of child

abuse.

Conclusion

The findings show the risk of child abuse can be caused by individual level and community
level within the family or the parent’s previous experience and characteristics.
Overall Conclusion

In conclusion, child abuse is a serious matter and needs to be taken action on it. Based on Social
Welfare Department, nearly 1910 cases of child abuse in Selangor from March 2020 to 2021
alone. Child abuse is a major problem and citizens and government needs to take action against
it. Citizens need to keep an eye on parents’ behavior towards their children within the
neighborhood or even in public. The government needs to further improve its laws on child
abuse spread to emphasize the issue. If actions are not being taken about child abuse, it will
cause a long-lasting impact on the child. They will be traumatized, lack trust, have difficulties
socializing, have aggressive behavior, and lack ambition. Remember, children are the future of
the country, and it’s our responsibility to help and guide them.

References

1. Baka, N. A., & Alsmadi, M. S. (2020). Understanding and Addressing Child Abuse:
Case Study of B40 Community, 99-100. Retrieved from
https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/download/3344/3333
2. Cheah, I. G. S., & Yuen, C. W. (2016). A Review of Research on Child Abuse in
Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.e-mjm.org/2016/v71s1/research-on-child-
abuse.pdf
3. Mahat, N., & Zulkofli, N. F. (2020). Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Solve the
Child Abuse Problem. Retrieved from
https://crinn.conferencehunter.com/index.php/jcrinn/article/download/166/129
4. Sobri, H. N. M., & Abidin, N. D. I. Z. (2019). Systematic Review of Child Abuse
Perpetrators Worldwide: Characteristic and Risk Factors. Retrieved from
https://mojem.um.edu.my/index.php/jummec/article/download/18446/10095
Appendices

Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Critical Comments Based on Four Articles

Tone/Bias:

Article 1 The author’s tone in this article is objective and neutral.

Article 2 The author’s tone in this second article is objective and serious as
they continue to state the factor of child abuse and how to solve it.
Article 3 The author’s tone in this third article is objective and serious as they
state about child abuse and address child abuse in Malaysia.
Article 4 The author’s tone in this fourth article is objective and serious as they
mentioned a factor of child abuse and the risk of child abuse in
Malaysia.

Intended Audience:

Article 1 The authors want the parental audience to accept the views and ideas
of the authors to take seriously household knowledge to prevent the
problems stated by the author in the future.
Article 2 The authors concentrate on specific types of child abuse, and the
writing is directed at parents.
Article 3 The authors want to be able to open the eyes of the audience to be
more sensitive and sensitive to the incidents and situations around
child abuse.
Article 4 The authors concentrate on the most serious aspects of child abuse.
This indicates that the author has a lot of information and can go into
greater detail about each factor that leads to child abuse.

Purpose of the articles:

Article 1 The article is written to inform and educate readers on the factor of
child abuse and its consequences in Malaysia.
Article 2 The article is written to inform and educate readers on the factor of
child abuse and how to solve it.
 Article 3 The article is written to inform and educate readers about child abuse
and to address child abuse in Malaysia.
Article 4 The article is written to inform and educate readers about the
characteristics and risk factors of child abuse in Malaysia.

Additional comments about the articles:

Article 1 The authors emphasize that the focus of this article is on the
percentage of child victims who have been tortured in various ways.
This content aims to raise awareness among parents that, to prevent
child abuse, they should take a close look at their household finances.
Article 2 The authors should state that each point of view should be backed up
by more in-depth evidence or investigation, such as monitoring or
interviewing abused children and their parents.
Article 3 The authors believe that the community's concern for the home
environment will aid in the reduction of criminal abuse. This effort
is critical in the fight against crime among children, as they will be
the leaders of our country's future.
Article 4 The authors want to make the audience aware that they should
consider financial matters as well as future parent responsibilities
before continuing the marriage with the mindset that marriage only
fulfills the desire for sexual intercourse.

Prepared by:

ELC Group: 3 Student ID Number

1 Abdur Rahman Sudais Bin Ahmad 2021822726
2 Mohd Azren Tarmizi Bin Tapa 2021856504
3 Muhammad Luqman Hakeem Bin Zaidi 2021462234
4 Sharizal Bin Jerry 2021652844