Assessment Task 1: Knowledge Test

Assessment Task 1: Knowledge Test
Provide your response to each question in the box below.
Q1: Answer the following questions regarding workplace health and safety Satisfactory
legislation and other related requirements: response
a. In the given table, write the relevant act, regulations and codes for Yes ☐ No ☐
different states.
b. Explain the key features of the Work Health and Safety
Management systems. Write your answer in 100-150 word.
c. When should the hazard be identified at the workplace? Write your
answer in 100-150 word.
d. How should a PCBU conduct risk identification at the workplace?
Write your answer in 150-200 word.
e. Explain when and how should risk assessments be conducted at the
workplace? Write your answer in 100-150 word.
f. As per the model WHS act, where is it mandatory to conduct risk
assessment activities? Write your answer in 100-150 word.
g. Who should be consulted in the hazard identification process? Write
your answer in 50-100 word.
h. Why is it important to consult your workers in the risk assessment
process? Write your answer in 100-150 word.
i. Explain the role of WHS committees in the workplace. Write your
answer in 50-100 word.
j. What types of health and safety record must be retained by the
organisation? Identify and document any seven (7).
States Acts
Australian Capital Territory (ACT) The Australian Capital Territory (ACT),
known as the Federal Capital
Territory (FCT) until 1938, is a federal
territory of Australia containing the
Australian capital city of Canberra and
some surrounding townships. It is located
in the south-east of the country and is
an enclave within the state of New South
Wales. Founded after Federation as the
seat of government for the new nation, all
important institutions of the Australian
Government are headquartered in the
territory
New South Wales (NSW) Firstly, it authorised the creation of a
Legislative Council for the colony of New
South Wales. ... Fourthly, it authorised
the eventual separation of Van Diemen's
Land (now Tasmania) from the colony
of New South Wales. Fifthly, it created
the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land,
which is now the Supreme Court of
Tasmania.
Northern Territory (NT) An Act to provide for the Provisional
Government of the Northern Territory.
[Assented to 25th November, 1910.]
Preliminary.
...
Northern
Territory (Administration) Act 1910.
Queensland (Qld) the official Queensland Government
website providing access to authorised
Queensland legislation and related
information—Bills introduced, Acts as
passed, subordinate legislation as made
and point-in-time reprints (consolidations)
of Acts and subordinate legislation.
South Australia (SA) Also known as the South
Australian Colonization Act,
the Act provided for the settlement of a
province or multiple provinces on the
lands between 132 degrees east and 141
degrees of east longitude, and between
the Southern Ocean, and 26
degrees south latitude, including the
islands adjacent to the coastline.
Tasmania (Tas) The Climate Change (State
Action) Act 2008 (the Act) sets
the Tasmanian Government's legislative
framework for action on climate change.
The independent review is a legislative
requirement and will be delivered by
consulting firm Jacobs, in consultation
with the Tasmanian community.
Victoria (Vic) The primary source for Victorian
legislation. ... on this website is
maintained by the Office of the Chief
Parliamentary Counsel and the Parliament
of Victoria.
Western Australia (WA)
b)
A safety and health management system means the part of the Organisation's management
system which covers:
 the health and safety work organisation and policy in a company

 the planning process for accident and ill health prevention
 the line management responsibilities and
 the practices, procedures and resources for developing and implementing, reviewing
and maintaining the occupational safety and health policy.
The system should cover the entire gambit of an employer's occupational health and safety
organisation.
c)
Hazard identification can be done:
 During design and implementation

o Designing a new process or procedure
o Purchasing and installing new machinery
 Before tasks are done
o Checking equipment or following processes
o Reviewing surroundings before each shift
 While tasks are being done
o Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden emissions
 During inspections
o Formal, informal, supervisor, health and safety committee
 After incidents
o Near misses or minor events
o Injuries
To be sure that all hazards are found:
 Look at all aspects of the work and include non-routine activities such as maintenance,
repair, or cleaning.
 Look at the physical work environment, equipment, materials, products, etc. that are
used.
 Include how the tasks are done.
 Look at injury and incident records.
 Talk to the workers: they know their job and its hazards best.
 Include all shifts, and people who work off site either at home, on other job sites,
drivers, teleworkers, with clients, etc.
 Look at the way the work is organized or done (include experience of people doing the
work, systems being used, etc).
 Look at foreseeable unusual conditions (for example: possible impact on hazard control
procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency situation, power outage, etc.).
 Determine whether a product, machine or equipment can be intentionally or
unintentionally changed (e.g., a safety guard that could be removed).
 Review all of the phases of the lifecycle.
 Examine risks to visitors or the public.
 Consider the groups of people that may have a different level of risk such as young or
inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities, or new or expectant mothers.
d)
A Person Conducting A Business or Undertaking (PCBU) has obligations under the Work
Health and Safety Act 2011 (WHS Act) as well as the Work Health and Safety Regulation
2011 (WHS Regulation) to manage risks to health and safety so far as is reasonably
practicable. A risk management approach involves identification and assessment of risks
followed by elimination of risks in the first instance or where this is not practicable,
minimising those risks so far as reasonably practicable. The risk management approach is
important for three main reasons:
• So that the University’s duty of care to its workers, customers, contractors, students,
visitors and others that work or learn at the University can be met, as part of the legislative
health and safety requirements.
• Out of concern for the health and safety of workers, students, contractors, visitors and
others at Western Sydney University workplaces.
• It makes good business sense and is cost effective. A key requirement of managing risks in
the workplace is consulting with workers affected by a health and safety matter. Workers
should be involved in the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes.
Where workers are represented by a Health and Safety Representative (HSR), this HSR must
be involved in the consultation process. The legislation also requires that where several
PCBUs have duties for a health and safety matter, these PCBUs must consult, cooperate and
coordinate their risk management activities to ensure effective management of the health and
safety matter.
e)
When completing a risk assessment, it is important to clearly define some keywords:
An accident is ‘an unplanned event that results in loss’

A hazard is ‘something that has the potential to cause harm’
A risk is ‘the likelihood and the severity of a negative occurrence (injury, ill-health, damage,
loss) resulting from a hazard.’
Additional training may be required if you need to complete or re-assess your risk management
procedures.
F)
In 2011, Safe Work Australia developed a single set of WHS laws to be implemented across
Australia. These are known as ‘model’ laws. For the model WHS laws to become legally
binding, the Commonwealth, states and territories must separately implement them as their
own laws.
We are responsible for maintaining the model WHS laws, but we don’t regulate or enforce
them.
The model WHS laws include:
 the model WHS Act

 the model WHS Regulations
 model Codes of Practice.
These elements are supported by the National compliance and enforcement policy, which sets
out principles of how WHS regulators monitor and enforce compliance with their
jurisdictions’ WHS laws.
g)
Workers should be involved in the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk

control processes. Where workers are represented by a Health and Safety Representative
(HSR), this HSR must be involved in the consultation process.
h)
In carrying out a risk assessment: You should consult employees and health and safety
representatives. It is a valuable way of involving the staff who do the work. They know
the risks involved and scope for potentially dangerous shortcuts and problems.
i)
The role of work health and safety committee members is to address and

resolve WHS issues. According to Section 72 of the OHS Act, the functions of the HSC
include: ... Formulating, reviewing, and disseminating safety standards and procedures.
Following any additional functions agreed upon by the committee and the employer
j)
Health and safety records can include:
Health and safety policies and procedures.

Standard operating procedures.
Organisational code of conduct.
Training and induction records.
Register of Injuries.
Workplace health and safety committee meeting minutes.
Equipment records including inspections, maintenance and repair.
Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 11 of 49
Q2: Answer the following questions in the context of the hospitality Satisfactory response
industry:
a) Explain the purpose of the risk assessment process. Write Yes ☐ No ☐
your answer in 150-200 word.
Explain the purpose and the content of the following types of
forms:
Hazard identification form.
i. Risk Assessment and Risk Control
Form Write your answer in 100-150 words.
b) What are the common methods of hazard identification in an
organisation? Document any five (5).
c) Explain the method to assess safety risk in an organisation.
Write your answer in 150-200 words.
d) Explain the four-stage risk management process
recommended and published by Australian states and territories.
Write your answer in 100-150 words.
a)
What is the goal of risk assessment? The aim of the risk assessment process is to

evaluate hazards, then remove that hazard or minimize the level of its risk by adding
control measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have created a safer and healthier
workplace.
b)
1. A hazard identification checklist, also known as a hazard assessment form, is

a tool used by safety officers in performing hazard assessments. The main
purpose of a hazard assessment is to identify potential health and
safety hazards by examining conditions or practices in the workplace.
2. risk assessment template is a tool used to identify and control risks in the

workplace. It involves a systematic examination of a workplace to identify
hazards, assess injury severity and likelihood, and implement control measures
to reduce risks.
c)
Assessments should be done by a competent person or team of individuals who have

a good working knowledge of the situation being studied. Include either on the team
or as sources of information, the supervisors and workers who work with the process
under review as these individuals are the most familiar with the operation.
In general, to do an assessment, you should:
 Identify hazards.
 Determine the likelihood of harm, such as an injury or illness occurring, and its
severity.
o Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events
such as maintenance, shutdowns, power outages, emergencies, extreme
weather, etc.
o Review all available health and safety information about the hazard such
as Safety Data Sheet (SDS), manufacturers literature, information from
reputable organizations, results of testing, workplace inspection reports,
records of workplace incidents (accidents), including information about
the type and frequency of the occurrence, illnesses, injuries, near misses,
etc.
o Understand the minimum legislated requirements for your jurisdiction.
 Identify actions necessary to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk using the
hierarchy of risk control methods.
 Evaluate to confirm if the hazard has been eliminated or if the risk is
appropriately controlled.
 Monitor to make sure the control continues to be effective.
 Keep any documents or records that may be necessary. Documentation may
include detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations,
or detailing how conclusions were made.
When doing an assessment, also take into account:
 The methods and procedures used in the processing, use, handling or storage of
the substance, etc.
 The actual and the potential exposure of workers (e.g., how many workers may
be exposed, what that exposure is/will be, and how often they will be exposed).
 The measures and procedures necessary to control such exposure by means of
engineering controls, work practices, and hygiene practices and facilities.
 The duration and frequency of the task (how long and how often a task is
done).
 The location where the task is done.
 The machinery, tools, materials, etc. that are used in the operation and how
they are used (e.g., the physical state of a chemical, or lifting heavy loads for a
distance).
 Any possible interactions with other activities in the area and if the task could
affect others (e.g., cleaners, visitors, etc.).
 The lifecycle of the product, process or service (e.g., design, construction, uses,
decommissioning).
 The education and training the workers have received.
 How a person would react in a particular situation (e.g., what would be the
most common reaction by a person if the machine failed or malfunctioned).
It is important to remember that the assessment must take into account not only the
current state of the workplace but any potential situations as well.
By determining the level of risk associated with the hazard, the employer, and the
health and safety committee (where appropriate), can decide whether a control
program is required and to what level.
See a sample risk assessment form.
d) A step-by-step approach to managing WHS risks

Risk management is a proactive process that helps you respond to change and
facilitate continuous improvement in your business.
It should be planned, systematic and cover all reasonably
foreseeable hazards and associated risks.
The four steps for managing WHS risks are:
Step 1 - Identify hazards
Find out what could cause harm.
Detailed information is in Chapter 2 how to identify hazards.

Step 2 - Assess risks
If necessary – understand the nature of the harm that could be caused by the hazard,
how serious the harm could be and the likelihood of it happening.
This step may not be necessary if you are dealing with a known risk, with known
controls.
Detailed information is in Chapter 3 how to assess risks.

Step 3 - Control risks
Implement the most effective control measure that is reasonably practicable in the
circumstances and ensure that it remains effective over time.
Specific information about the hierarchy of control measures and developing and
implementing control measures is in Chapter 4 how to control risks.
Step 4 - Review control measures
Review the control measures to ensure they are working as planned.

Q3: Answer the following questions regarding “systematic method Satisfactory
to assess risk” at the workplace: response
a. How can you determine the estimated exposure to hazardous Yes ☐ No ☐
chemicals? Write your answer in 100-150 words.
b. What types of injuries can be caused by the hazardous
manual task? Document any five.
c. For the hazards given in the table, identify the hazard
exposure and the injury/illness that they can cause. Write your
answer in 150-200 words.
d. How can you identify the probability of the hazard/risk
occurrence?
e. What is the formula for calculating risk level? Give an
example of 3x3 or 4x4 or 5x5 risk matrix along with your
answer.
a)
Methods of exposure testing
1. Observation — simply looking for of evidence of airborne concentrations

of chemicals. ...
2. Simple tests — using commercially available dust lamps, indicator tubes and strip
tests to give you a better idea of what chemicals may be present in work areas.
b)
Hazardous Manual Tasks can cause musculoskeletal disorders and

these injuries may result from:
Moving, transporting, transferring clients.

Repetitive movements.
Lifting and carrying materials and equipment.
Working at incorrect heights.
Lack of physical space.
d)
1. Severity
Severity is the amount of damage or harm a hazard could create and it is often
ranked on a four point scale as follows:
 Catastrophic - 4 Operating conditions are such that human error,

environment, design deficiencies, element, subsystem or component failure, or
procedural deficiencies may commonly cause death or major system loss,
thereby requiring immediate cessation of the unsafe activity or operation.
 Critical - 3 Operating conditions are such that human error, environment,

design deficiencies, element, subsystem or component failure or procedural
deficiencies may commonly cause severe injury or illness or major system
damage thereby requiring immediate corrective action.
 Marginal - 2 Operating conditions may commonly cause minor injury or illness

or minor systems damage such that human error, environment, design
deficiencies, subsystem or component failure or procedural deficiencies can be
counteracted or controlled without severe injury, illness or major system
damage.
 Negligible - 1 Operating conditions are such that personnel error,

environment, design deficiencies, subsystem or component failure or procedural
deficiencies will result in no, or less than minor, illness, injury or system
damage.
2. Probability
Probability is the likelihood of the hazard occurring and it is often ranked on a five
point scale:
 Frequent - 5 Likely to occur often in the life of an item
 Probable - 4 Will occur several times in the life of an item
 Occasional - 3 Likely to occur some time in the life of an item.
 Remote - 2 Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item.
 Improbable - 1 So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be

experienced.
Risk matrices come in many shapes and sizes. For more information on how to build a
risk matrix that's right for your project, see our more detailed guide.
e)
Risk matrices come in many different shapes and sizes. Choosing the appropriate
template for a project occasionally results in heated debates between risk
management professionals.
In the following blog article, we break down the three most popular sizes of a risk
matrix — 3x3, 4x4, and 5x5 — and reveal the pros and cons of each. You'll also learn
about tools to leverage to continuously improve your risk assessments.

Q4: Provide an explanation and an example of the methods of Satisfactory
controlling risks given in the table. response
Yes ☐ No ☐
S. No. The common Explanation Example (Any 1)

methods of
controlling
risk
1. Substituting a Substitution, the second for example, replacing lead-based

system of most effective hazard paint with titanium white. To be an
work
control, involves replacing effective control, the new product
something that produces must not produce unintended
a hazard with something consequences. Because airborne
that does not produce a dust can be hazardous, if a product
hazard or produces a can be purchased with a
lesser hazard larger particle size, the smaller
product may effectively be
substituted with the larger product
2. Isolating the Isolating the hazard is Examples include: Correctly
hazard achieved by restricting segregating chemicals into
access to plant and compatible hazard classes.
equipment or in the case Separating chemicals using
of substances locking compliant safety cabinets or
them away under strict chemical stores. Locating chemical
controls stores away from
potentially hazardous activities —
like anything that could ignite or fuel
a fire
3. Introducing Engineering Examples include local exhaust
engineering controls are methods ventilation to capture and remove
controls
that are built into the airborne emissions or machine
design of a plant, guards to shield the worker.
equipment or process to
minimize the
hazard. Engineering
controls are a very
reliable way
to control worker
exposures as long as
the controls are
designed, used and
maintained properly
4. Adopting Administrative Examples of administrative
administrative controls are training, controls include procedure
controls
procedure, policy, or shift changes, employee training, and
designs that lessen the installation of signs and warning
threat of a hazard to an labels (such as those in the
individual. Administrativ workplace hazardous materials
e controls typically information system.
change the behavior of
people (e.g., factory
workers) rather than
removing the actual
hazard or providing
personal protective
equipment (PPE).

5. Using Personal protective The hazards addressed by protective
personal equipment (PPE) is equipment include physical,
protective
protective clothing, helme electrical, heat,
equipment
ts, goggles, or other chemicals, biohazards, and airborne
garments or equipment particulate matter.
designed to protect the
wearer's body
from injury or infection.
The hazards addressed by
protective equipment
include physical,
electrical, heat,
chemicals, biohazards,
and airborne particulate
matter. Protective
equipment may be worn
for job-
related occupational
safety and
health purposes, as well
as for sports and
other recreational
activities.
6. Implementing1. Assess the risk (e.g. maintenance records)
combined controls for any hazards
control
that may result from
methods to
minimise risk
their implementation an
d conduct
a risk assessment. ...
2. Advise affected workers
of the control and train
them in
the procedures surround
ing the control.
3. Amend checking,
reporting and auditing
documents to reflect the
new control
Q5: Answer the following questions regarding “measure to eliminate Satisfactory

or control risk”: response

Yes ☐ No ☐
a) How can you implement control measures as a part of
controlling risk? Write your answer in 100-150 words.
b) Explain how suggestions/consultation from different
stakeholders help in hazard and risk assessment?
c) Write your answer in 100-150 words.
d) Explain the role of senior management in controlling risk at
the workplace. Write your answer in 100-150 words.
a)
Implementing Control Measures
 Identifying and documenting business processes.

 Maintaining a risks and controls framework.
 Periodically scheduling internal controls.
 Keeping track of current and past controls and their results.
b)
Stakeholder consultation involves the development of constructive, productive

relationships over the long term. ... Listening to stakeholder concerns and feedback
is a valuable source of information that can be used to improve project design and
outcomes, and help a corporation to identify and control external risks. The benefits
of engaging stakeholders are many and include a better understanding of the risk,
building trust and credibility as stakeholders feel involved in decision-making and
actions affecting their future, stakeholders feel that their interests are taken
seriously by the organization. Consultation is required when identifying
hazards, assessing risks and deciding on measures to control
those risks. ... Their experience may help you identify hazards and choose practical
and effective control measures.
c)
Risk Management duties and responsibilities of the job
The duties under a Risk Management job description include the following:
Designing and implementing an overall risk management process for the organisation,
which includes an analysis of the financial impact on the company when risks occur
Performing a risk assessment: Analysing current risks and identifying potential risks
that are affecting the company
Performing a risk evaluation: Evaluating the company’s previous handling of risks,
and comparing potential risks with criteria set out by the company such as costs and
legal requirements
Establishing the level of risk the company are willing to take
Preparing risk management and insurance budgets
Risk reporting tailored to the relevant audience. (Educating the board of directors
about the most significant risks to the business; ensuring business heads understand
the risks that might affect their departments; ensuring individuals understand their
own accountability for individual risks)
Explaining the external risk posed by corporate governance to stakeholders
Creating business continuity plans to limit risks
Implementing health and safety measures, and purchasing insurance
Conducting policy and compliance audits, which will include liaising with internal and
external auditors
Maintaining records of insurance policies and claims
Reviewing any new major contracts or internal business proposals
Building risk awareness amongst staff by providing support and training within the
company

Q6: Explain the five-step hierarchical control model for risk management. Satisfactory
Write your answer in 150-200 words. response
Yes ☐ No ☐
Every year American companies spend billions of dollars on workers compensation claims, many of
which are related to preventable injuries. In an effort to address workplace safety, the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) began studying workplace safety protocols.
According to their findings, the most effective safety measures are those taken by the company that
reduce the presence of hazards, while the least effective are those measures taken solely by
employees. Because companies bear the highest burden of responsibility, NIOSH rolled out the
Prevention through Design (PtD) program to show employers the benefits of a culture of safety and
prevention in the workplace.
At the center of the NIOSH plan is a five-tiered approach to occupational hazards that balances

responsibility for the company and the employees, called the hierarchy of controls. The five steps, from
most effective to least are:
Elimination
Example: John and Morris run the risk of falling while repairing an overhead light. The company
eliminates the safety issue by forcing employees to lower the light to the ground to work on it.
The elimination stage of the hierarchy of controls is by far the most effective, because it removes the
risk of incident altogether. NIOSH recommends that employers examine any job or activity that puts
employees at risk of injury. During the evaluation, the company seeks to eliminate any aspect of the
tasks that put employees at an unacceptable level of risk.
Many companies still struggle with the elimination step, since they only look at the initial costs of
making a fundamental change to the operation of the business. Once they discover the long-term
savings, both in operational and workers compensation terms, elimination becomes a more viable
directive.
Substitution
Example: Acme Farms sees many employees suffer health problems due to the use of pesticides with
DDT. The farm substitutes an organic pesticide, and the health issues go away.
Much like elimination, substitution seeks to remove the causes of accidents before an incident occurs.
The procedure for substitution follows the same guidelines as elimination, but this time the company
examines products and chemicals instead of actions.
Substitution meets some resistance from companies for two reasons, First, safer alternatives are
sometimes more expensive than their harmful alternatives. Second, they substitute one product with
another that causes the same or similar safety issues. Substitution is a process that requires an
investment of time and energy to sample several different alternatives before making a switch.
Engineering
Example: Southwest Manufacturing’s employees complain of respiratory and allergy issues from
airborne particles on the factory floor. The company installs a vent hood to circulate air and reduce air
pollutants inside the factory.
Engineering controls are a compromise tactic between eliminating the problems and leaving them
completely unaddressed. Companies use engineering controls to physically separate employees from
harmful machines or dangerous working conditions. The company can do so through removing the
hazard from the environment or creating a barrier.
Most engineering controls are expensive from the outset, and can lead to further problems in the
future. Since the company never addressed the root cause of the hazard, if the control fails, employees
may still get injured.
Administrative
Example: The Riverside Inc. warehouse suffers a series of workplace injuries related to improper
operation of forklifts. Company managers begin a thorough retaining and certification program for all
operators.
Administrative controls seek to improve workplace safety by creating safer procedures in the
workplace. Controls can range from the placement of warning signs throughout a facility, employee
training programs, and the use of safety tape.
Once companies reach the administrative level, they start to place the onus of workplace safety on
staff instead of management, and the results are unpredictable. Warning signs are only effective if
employees heed the warning, but many employees choose to ignore safety procedures in order to save
time or effort.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Example: Mike’s Machining uses a press loud enough to damage employee hearing. Mike offers the
crew ear protection.
The least effective of all the safety controls is reliance on PPE. PPE is any piece of additional
equipment, like helmets, gloves, or safety goggles, that protect employees from workplace hazards.
Though PPE seems like the most obvious choice to improve safety, the high failure rate
makes PPE useless for all but the most minor of hazards. A helmet is not going to protect an employee
from a falling steel beam, and goggles can only withstand so much force before they break under
pressure. PPE is a fine step when taken as part of a larger safety effort, but should never be the
primary focus of safety controls.
NIOSH’s PtD program argues that safety should be a primary concern of employers from the
conception of the business through to the operation. An approach that focuses heavily on prevention
from the very beginning will foster a culture of safety within management and staff that enables safety
protocols to take root.
The five-tier hierarchy of safety controls from NIOSH reveals several key areas where companies can
improve the safety conditions of their workplace, and protect employees in the process. Companies
must use all five tiers to develop a complete safety plan, but over reliance on any one step can have
devastating consequences.
Learn More
Learn to identify and analyze potential workplace hazards, infractions and risks through a bachelor of
science in occupational safety online. At Eastern Kentucky University, you will gain a graduate-level
education by industry-experienced educators and fire and safety professionals who are committed to
teaching and preparing you for continued success.
Sources
NIOSH Hierarchy Of Controls

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/
PtD
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/

Q7: Answer the following questions regarding “hazard identification Satisfactory
methods”: response
Yes ☐ No ☐
a) In the given table, explain the method of hazard identification.
You can also use examples to justify your answer.
b) Explain the following consultation process among staff for taking

feedback:
• Meetings
• Surveys
• Suggestion box submissions
Method of hazard identification Explanation
Conducting site safety audits Step #1: Preparing for an Audit. ...
Step #2: Conduct the Audit. ...
Step #3: Create an Audit Report and
Recommended Actions. ...
Step #4: Set Corrective Action
Priorities. ...
Step #5: Publish Audit Results.
Completing safety checklists Safety checklists are documents used

during safety inspections for the
identification of potential hazards. OSHA
has provided a wide range
of checklists for the identification of
potential hazards in a variety of industries
and applications.
Inspecting workplace Workplace inspections help prevent

incidents, injuries and illnesses. Through
a critical examination of
the workplace, inspections help to
identify and record hazards for corrective
action. Health and safety committees can
help plan, conduct, report and
monitor inspections.

Observing daily activities Observations of daily living (ODLs) are
cues that people attend to in the course
of their everyday life, that inform them
about their health. ... ODLs are typically
defined by patients and their families
because they are meaningful to them,
and help them self-manage their health
and make decisions about it.
Investigating accidents and incidents An investigation will involve

an analysis of all the information
available, physical (the scene of
the incident), verbal (the accounts of
witnesses) and written (risk assessments,
procedures, instructions, job guides etc),
to identify what went wrong and
determine what steps must be taken to
prevent the adverse event
Reviewing injury or illness registers The register of injuries may be kept in

writing or be electronic (like on a
computer). Having a register that all
workers can access will help them raise
any safety issues they have. It can also
help you develop new safe work
procedures. There are penalties for failing
to keep a register of injuries.
Monitoring workplace environment Employers should monitor and record

the exposure of workers to hazardous
chemicals to ensure their safety and
health. They should ensure that workers
are not exposed to chemicals to an extent
which exceeds exposure limits or other
exposure criteria for the evaluation and
control of the working environment.
Investigation of staff complaints or reporting the issue verbally to your
reports of safety concerns supervisor or
manager. reporting the issue through
the workplace's
hazard reporting procedures. raising
the issue with the health and
safety representative.

b)
Method of Explanation
consultation
 Meetings These are approaches which use open styles of discussion
and debate. It is the facilitator's job to tease out views and
perceptions which are truly held by the stakeholder. The
focus group, individual depth interviews, and observation
are the most common methods used.

 Survey
Consultation can take a variety of forms other than written consultation, such as stakeholder
or public meetings, working groups, focus groups, surveys or web forums (such as blogs or
wikis).
Q8 Explain the role of different stakeholders given in the Satisfactory

: table in the risk assessment process. response
Yes ☐ No ☐
People involvement Description (50-100 words each)
Contractors
The planning for projects or works that require contractors has to be carefully considered
and will depend on the scope and purpose of the works, timing and schedules, pricing and
penalties and the legal framework that exists where the works will be undertaken. An
essential consideration at the planning stage is identifying where risk can be introduced
into an organisations operations, especially where those contractors are undertaking high
risk, non-routine or safety critical activities.
Managers
The role of a Risk Manager is to communicate risk policies and processes for an

organisation. They provide hands-on development of risk models involving market, credit
and operational risk, assure controls are operating effectively, and provide research and
analytical support.

WHS committee members
The role of work health and safety committee members is to address and

resolve WHS issues. According to Section 72 of the OHS Act, the functions of the HSC
include: Facilitating cooperation between the employees and the employer.
Allowing members to instigate, develop, and implement health and safety control measures.
WHS representatives
The primary purpose of the health and safety representative (HSR) role is to represent

members of a work group in health and safety matters. Other powers and functions are:
Investigating complaints from work group members. Representing members of your work
group in work health and safety issues.
Peers and colleagues
Peer groups provide perspective outside of the individual's viewpoints. Members

inside peer groups also learn to develop relationships with others in the social
system. Peers, particularly group members, become important social referents for teaching
other members customs, social norms, and different ideologies.
Staff under supervision
You have a legal duty to assess the risks to the health and safety of

your employees (and risks to the health and safety of persons not in your employment)
to which they are exposed while they are at work. In carrying out a risk assessment:
You should consult employees and health and safety representatives.
Supervisors
The five key supervisory roles include Educator, Sponsor, Coach, Counselor, and

Director. Each is described below. Note that in your role as a supervisor, you will be using
these five roles, in some combination, simultaneously, depending on the needs of the
team members.

Assessment Task 2 - Project
Project
Scenario:
CFR (Chocolate factory Richmond) Overview
CFR is the sweetest and most addictive attraction in Richmond, New south wales. It is the flagship
brand of CFG (chocolate factory global) and the company was founded by Mark Mizzi. It is the business,
which started in 1980 with 10 employees and 50-60 visitors on daily basis, however with the
uniqueness and quality of the product they are offering to its visitors, online customers their business
increased to 150 permanent staff, 2000 daily visitors and 100 contractual workers for machinery,
operation and maintenance.
From the beginning, the company takes pride in following legislation, acts and regulations applicable to
the industry.
The company has a WHS plan in place to manage their workplace health and safety obligations.
Organisational procedures:
Hazard identification and risk assessment
As per organisational procedures, the following temples will be used to keep a record of the hazards
and incidents:
Hazard identification:
 Hazard identification form
 Risk matrix
Risk
assessments:
 Risk assessment template
 Risk matrix
Controlling risk
 Control measures will be first documented by the Work Health and Safety officer.
You are Work Health and Safety Officer at Chocolate factory Richmond; you have the following job
responsibilities:
 Investigating/recording incidents, accidents, complaints and cases of ill health

 Undertaking risk assessments and site inspections
 Ensuring that equipment is installed correctly/safely
 Identifying potential hazards
 Determining ways of reducing risks
 Writing internal health and safety policies/strategies
 Compiling statistics
 Drawing up safe operational practices and making necessary changes
 Writing reports, bulletins and newsletters
 Making presentations to groups of employees/managers
 Providing health and safety meetings and training courses for employees
 Liaising with relevant authorities
 Keeping up to date and ensuring compliance with current health and safety legislation.

Scenario:
Recently some safety incidents have taken place in the “Chocolate Factory Richmond”. These incidents
have been recorded in the following documents:
 Hazard complaint registers
 Incident reports
Note: These documents will be provided along with this assessment.
The management wants you to identify hazards, assess the associated workplace safety risks, take
measures to eliminate or minimise those risks, and document all processes.
Task:
As a Work Health and Safety Officer, you are required to identify hazards, assess the associated
workplace safety risks, take measures to eliminate or minimise those risks, and document all
processes. To do so, you need to complete the following activities:
 Activity 1: Identify hazards
 Activity 2: Assess the safety risk associated with a hazard.
 Activity 3: Eliminate or control the risk
Business name: chocolate factory Richmond pty ltd

Conducted by: Ashok In attendance:Ashok
In attendance: Ashok Date:16/10/20
Hazards identified:
1. Contaminated raw material introduce microorganism and insects
2. Contaminated with plastic , metal , fibre
3. Microbial contamination( wet cocoa beans)
4. Contaminated with metal shaving and residues
5. Mould during sorting process
6. Storage hazard like odour, fat bloom
What are the risks associated with the hazard?

1. Bacterial fungus infections
2. Food borne diseases
3. obesity
4. food posioning
5. fungal infections
People/persons who may be affected by the hazard:

 workers
 harvester
 consumer
 factory production mamanger
 quality insurance manager
What has already been done to control the hazards?

(Note: leave this section blank if nothing has been done)
Hazard 1 Microbilogical count of microorganism present and perform regular supply
audits
Hazard 2 Good manufacturing practices
Hazard 3 Keep scoops, container pads clean

Hazard 4 Good maintenance and sanitizing practices.
Hazard 5 Keep worker hand clean and dry
Hazard 6 Keep warehouse clean and dry
Initial risk rating:

Hazard 1:
☐ low ☐ moderate ☐ high ☒ critical ☐ catastrophic
Hazard 2:
☐ low ☒ moderate ☐ high ☐ critical ☐ catastrophic
Hazard 3:
☐ low ☐ moderate ☒ high ☐ critical ☐ catastrophic
Hazard 4:
Hazard 5:
Hazard 6:
(Note: further action needs to be taken if the initial risk rating for the hazard is higher than
“low”)
What further action needs to be taken?
(eg. provide training, review of safe work procedure, provide manual task equipment, etc…)
Hazard 1 Check every batch of raw material received
Hazard 2 Ensure high quality of maintenance practices
Hazard 3 Obligate personal hygiene

Hazard 4 Sanitize tools and equipment on time
Hazard 5 Heat treatment of mould and good hygiene practices
Hazard 6 Monitoring every 2 hours
By when (date):16/10/20
Completion date:16/10/20 Completed by:Taran
Risk matrix template:
Risk Matrix
Severity
NEGLIGIBLE MARGINAL CATASTROPHIC
CRITICAL
small/unimportant;
minimal importance; maximum importance;
not likely to have a serious/important;
has an effect on the could result in disaster/death;
major effect on the will affect the operation of
operation of event but will WILL affect the operation of
operation of the event / the event in a negative way
not affect the event the event in a negative way /
no bodily injury to / suffers serious injuries
outcome / requires medical death, dismemberment or
requiring minor first aid or medical treatment of
treatment serious injury to minors
injury minors
P
LOW
This risk has
rarely been a LOW (1) MEDIUM (4) MEDIUM (6) HIGH (10)
problem and never
occurred at a
college event of
this nature

MEDIUM
This risk will MOST
LIKELY occur at this
LOW (2) MEDIUM (5) HIGH (8) EXTREME (11)
event
o
r
HIGH
This risk WILL occur
at this event, possibly MEDIUM (3) HIGH (7) HIGH (9) EXTREME (12)
multiple times, and
has occurred in the
past
Explanation of Risk Ranking

If the consequences to this event/activity are LOW / MEDIUM,
LOW MEDIUM your
group should be OK to proceed with this event/activity. It is
advised that if the activity is MEDIUM, risk mitigation efforts
should be made.
If the consequences to this event/activity are HIGH, it is advised
HIGH that you seek additional event planning support.
If the consequences to this event/activity are EXTREME, it is

EXTREME advised
that you do not hold this event without prior consultation with
Risk Management
In this activity, you are required to:
ACT 2.1. Assess the safety risk associated with each of the above hazards, using the following risk
assessment tools and template documents:
 Risk assessment template
 Risk matrix (Provided in activity 1).
ACT 2.2. Work alone to use a systematic method to assess the risks.
ACT 2.3. Use ‘Risk Matrix’ to collect sufficient evidence of the type and level of risk posed by the identified
hazards.
ACT 2.4. Document the outcome of the risk assessment, suggesting actions to eliminate or control risks.
ACT 2.5. Keep records of risk assessments using “Risk Assessment template”.
Risk Assessment template:
1. Background Information
Workplace: Chocolate factory Date: 16/10/20
Title of Risk Assessment Name of Ashok
Assessment: person
conducting
assessment:
2. Risk Assessment
List Additional Controls (if any -
Identify and list List Current Risk Risk where current controls are not
Hazards Controls Rating adequately managing the level of
risk)

1 Contaminated raw Regular check up of raw High(9)
material introduce material once it get
microorganism received by quality --------
and insects assesser 2) Count
present microorganisms
2 Every time when the High(10)

Contaminated mixer is mixed ensure
with plastic , good manufacring ------------
metal , fibre practices
3 Dry wet cocoa beans in High(6)

Microbial sunny day for atleast 6 to
contamination( 7 hours and used again
wet cocoa once get dry ----------
beans)
4 Sanitization of tools and High(7)

Contaminated quipments
with metal Keep the cleaning of tools
shaving and regularly -------------
residues

2. Risk Assessment
List Additional Controls (if any -
Identify and list List Cu rrent Risk Risk where current controls are not
Hazards Controls Rating adequately managing the level of
risk)
5 Maitaine good hygiene High(7)
Contaminated practices
with metal
shaving and -----------
residues
6 visual inspection every 2 Medium(6)

Storage hours of the stored
hazard like chocolate
odour, fat ---------
bloom

Activity 3: Eliminate or control the risk
After assessing the risk, you are required to arrange a meeting with the management to discuss the
risks identified, the risk ratings and the control measures that should be implemented to eliminate or
control the risks identified for each of the above hazards.
The following will be the participants of the meeting:

 Work Health and Safety Officer (You-Chairperson)
 Health and Safety representative
 Owner
The agenda of the meeting is to take measures to eliminate or control the risks identified for each of
the above hazards in line with organisational procedures.
Before the meeting, you need to:

 Prepare meeting agenda using the template provided.
 Prepare a presentation that includes the following. (6-8 slides)
o Hazards identified
o Risks associated with the hazards.
o Risk ratings
o Control measures
During the meeting, you need to:

 Deliver the presentation.
 Apply listening and questioning techniques to check or confirm understanding.
 Discuss ways of eliminating or controlling each risk.
 Discuss priority measures to eliminate or control risks.
 Request feedback from ‘Health and Safety representative and Owner’.
 Gain agreement on risk control measures to be implemented for each risk.
Health and Safety representative and Owner will:

 Provide valuable inputs regarding risk control measures to be implemented.
 Agree of control measures that will be most effective.
After the meeting, you must complete the “Minutes-of-Meeting” template provided below.
Date/Time: 16/10/20
Location: Chocolate factory
Chairperson: Work heath and safety officer
Meeting Attendees: Health safety representative
Full names and roles Health and safety officer
owner
Agenda Item/Topic Discussion/Outcomes Action Due Date

Officer
Welcome

Quality 25/10/20
Hazards found in raw material ( insurance
(Agenda item 1) insects,microorganism) manager
Topic?
Factory 25/10/20
(Agenda item 2) Hazards in mixing and refining production
( contamination with plastic ,fibre, metal manager
Topic? shaving )
25/10/20
(Agenda item 3) Hazrds found in wapping labelling and Factory
storing ( moulds , odour , sudar blooms) production
Topic? manager
Summary Overall Summary

Decision/s Action/s if any
Next Meeting 17/11/20

time/date
Meeting closed at: 12:00 pm

Minutes are a true and Approved/confirmed by whom?
accurate record of the
meeting
Minutes of Meeting: 25 minutes
Meeting Objective: Eliminate or control risk of hazards
Attendees:health and safety officer

Owner
Health and safety representives
Venue: chocolate factory meeting hall

Date:16/11/20
No. Points Discussed Actions Suggested Target Date
What need to be done when Regular checkup of 25/10/20

1. we found microorganism in stock of raw
raw material material received in
the factory
Things that need to keep in Ensure good 25/10/20

2. mind what to do when we maintenance
found contamination in mixing practices and
and refining sanitizing properly
What need to do done when Regular 25/10/20

3. we found an unexecpted odour
from storage room visual inspection
after 2 hours
What step need to be taken if Good hygiene 25/10/20

4. we found mouls in waping an practices and proper
labelling handling of
wrapping
material ,use heat
treatment for
moulds
Signature of attendee 1: ashok Signature of attendee2: owner

Signature of attendee 3: health safety officer Signature of attendee
4:representatives


Assessment Task 1: Knowledge Test

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Assessment Task 1: Knowledge Test

Provide your response to each question in the box below.

 the health and safety work organisation and policy in a company

 During design and implementation

To be sure that all hazards are found:

When completing a risk assessment, it is important to clearly define some keywords:

An accident is ‘an unplanned event that results in loss’

The model WHS laws include:

 the model WHS Act

Workers should be involved in the hazard identification, risk assessment and risk

The role of work health and safety committee members is to address and

Health and safety records can include:

Health and safety policies and procedures.

What is the goal of risk assessment? The aim of the risk assessment process is to

1. A hazard identification checklist, also known as a hazard assessment form, is

2. risk assessment template is a tool used to identify and control risks in the

Assessments should be done by a competent person or team of individuals who have

In general, to do an assessment, you should:

When doing an assessment, also take into account:

See a sample risk assessment form.

d) A step-by-step approach to managing WHS risks

Find out what could cause harm.

Detailed information is in Chapter 2 how to identify hazards.

Detailed information is in Chapter 3 how to assess risks.

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 14 of 49

1. Observation — simply looking for of evidence of airborne concentrations

Hazardous Manual Tasks can cause musculoskeletal disorders and

Moving, transporting, transferring clients.

 Catastrophic - 4 Operating conditions are such that human error,

 Critical - 3 Operating conditions are such that human error, environment,

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 14 of 49

 Marginal - 2 Operating conditions may commonly cause minor injury or illness

 Negligible - 1 Operating conditions are such that personnel error,

 Frequent - 5 Likely to occur often in the life of an item

 Probable - 4 Will occur several times in the life of an item

 Occasional - 3 Likely to occur some time in the life of an item.

 Remote - 2 Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item.

 Improbable - 1 So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 15 of 49

S. No. The common Explanation Example (Any 1)

1. Substituting a Substitution, the second for example, replacing lead-based

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 17 of 49

Q5: Answer the following questions regarding “measure to eliminate Satisfactory

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 18 of 49

 Identifying and documenting business processes.

Stakeholder consultation involves the development of constructive, productive

Risk Management duties and responsibilities of the job

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 20 of 49

At the center of the NIOSH plan is a five-tiered approach to occupational hazards that balances

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

NIOSH Hierarchy Of Controls

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 20 of 49

b) Explain the following consultation process among staff for taking

• Suggestion box submissions

Method of hazard identification Explanation

Completing safety checklists Safety checklists are documents used

Inspecting workplace Workplace inspections help prevent

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 21 of 49

Investigating accidents and incidents An investigation will involve

Reviewing injury or illness registers The register of injuries may be kept in

Monitoring workplace environment Employers should monitor and record

Version Number: 10 (Review date: 01/06/2022) Unit Code: SITXWHS002 Page 22 of 49