A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

COMMON WILD MANNALS OF UNDIVIDED KORAPUT DISTRICT

“Project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements For the award of the Degree of B.SC In
Biological Science”

SUBMITTED BY

SUSMITA BISHWAS

ROLL NO-

B.SC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FINAL YEAR

UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF

SAMEER MOHANTY

Lecturer

SESSION: 2019-2022
 COMMON WILD MAMMALS IN UNDIVIDED KORAPUT DISTRICT

INTRODUCTION:

Mammals are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the
presence of mammary glands in which females produce milk for feeding their young ones. In
addition to these characteristic milk glands, mammals are distinguished by several other unique
features. Hair is a typical mammalian feature, although in many whales it has disappeared except
in the fetal stage. The class Mammalia is worldwide in distribution. It has been said that
mammals have a wider distribution and are more adaptable than any other single class of
animals, There are more than 5,500 species of living mammals, arranged in about 125 families
and as many as 27-29 orders. The rodents are the most numerous of existing mammals, in both
number of species and number of individuals, and one of the most diverse of living lineages. The
Uranotheria (elephant) are and Perissodactyla (horses, rhinoceroses) are examples of orders.
There are different types of mammals are present like rodents, carnivorous, bat, primates,
marsupial, cetaceans etc.There are some sanctuaries present in all over India to conserve wild
animals, but in undivided Koraput district there is no such type of sanctuary present.

PAPADAHANDI DEER PARK:

Papdahandi deer park was a good conserver of some wild animals such as deers, wild boars etc.
This Park was a tiny and timely effort conceived in three decade ago in 1986. The basic idea was
to save the fast disappearing population of spotted deer and to educate public regarding wildlife
conservation. In fact, it is the only deer park of its kind in this part of tribal dominated South
Odisha.

SL NO Name of the species Male (In No.s) Female (In No.s) Total (In No.s)

1 Spotted Deer 102 130 232

2 Barking Deer 01 0 01

3 Wild Boar 01 01 02
The Deer park was inaugurated on 8.6.1986 by the then Hon'ble Chief Minister of Odisha, (Late
Janaki BallavaPattnayak) over an area of 1.0 AC inside Papadahandi Reserve Forest having a
basic of Flushy green Sal forest. The park was initiated with two numbers of deer brought from
Harisankar Deer Park and two numbers deer from Rayagada Division.

There are millions of mammals are present in all over world but in undivided Koraput
District there are few wild mammals are present such as, Sloth bear, Barking deer, Elephant,Wild
Pig, Monkey, Wolf, Cheetah etc. They are wild animals but some domesticated mammals are so
interlocked with our political and social history. For example- Dogs, Cats, Horses, Cows, goats
etc.

Bear

Phylum:-Chordata
Class: -Mammalia
Order: -Carnivora
Family:- Ursidae
Genus:- Melursus
Species- Ursinus

Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or
doglike carnivorans They are widespread, with adult males weighing 350-700 kg (772-1,543 lb)
and measuring 2.4-3 meters (7 ft 10 in 9 ft 10 in) in total length. Bears are generally bulky and
robust animals with short tails. They are sexually dimorphic with regard to size, with males
typically being larger. Larger species tend to show increased levels of sexual dimorphism in
comparison to smaller species. Bears have small rounded ears so as to minimize heat loss, but
neither their hearing nor sight is particularly acute.
 Most bears are opportunistic omnivores and consume more plant than nimal matter. They eat
anything from leaves, roots, and berries to insects, carrion, fresh meat, and fish, and have
digestive systems nd teeth adapted to such a diet.

Several bear species are dangerous to humans, especially in areas where they have become
used to people; elsewhere, they generally avoid humans . Injuries caused by rare but are widely
reported.

MONKEY

Kingdom:- Animals
Phylum:-Chordata
Sub Order:-Haplorhini
lass:- Mammalia
Order:- Primates.
Sub Oder -Haplorhini
Monkey is a common name that may refer to groups or species of
mammals, in part, the simians of infraorder Simiiformes. Most species are also active during the
day.The many species of monkey have varied relationships with humans. Some are kept as pets,
others used as model organisms in laboratories or in space missions. They may be killed in
monkey drives (when they threaten agriculture) or used as service animals for the disabled.

Monkeys range in size from which it can be as small as 117 millimeters (4.6 in) with a
172-millimetre (6.8 in) ail and just over 100 grams (3.5 oz) in weight, to the male, almost 1
meter (3.3 ft) long and weighing up to 36 Kilograms (79 lb). Some are arboreal (living in trees)
while others live on the savanna; diets differ among the various Species but may contain any of
the following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, eggs and small animals (including insects and
spiders).
 Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World monkeys have
prehensile tails while Old World monkeys have non-prehensile tails or no visible tail at all.

The monkeys are seen in everywhere in some villages & forests.

BAT

Phylum:-Chordata
Class- Mammalia
Order-Chiroptera

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are
the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more manoeuvrable
than birds, flying with their very long spread-out digits covered with a in membrane or patagium.

They are 29-34 mm (1.14-1.34 in) in length, 15 cm (5.91 in) across the wings and 2 2.6 g
(0.07-0.09 oz) in mass.

Many bats are insectivores, and most of the rest are frugivores (fruit-eaters). A few species
feed on animals other than insects; Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained ght, as
opposed to gliding, as in the flying squirrel.

The wings of bats are much thinner and consist of more bones than the wings of birds,
allowing bats to man oeuvre more accurately than the latter, and fly with more lift and less drag

\
 WILD CAT

Chylum:-Chordata
Class:-Mammalia
Order:-Carnivora
Family:-Felidae
Genus:-Felis

The wild cat and the other members of the cat family had a common ancestor about 10-
15 million years ago. The wildcat has been categorized as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List
since 2002, since it is widely distributed, and the lobal population. The wildcat has pointed ears,
which are moderate in length end broad at the base. Its whiskers are white, number 7 to 16 on
each side and reach 5-8 cm (2.0-3.1 in) in length on the muzzle. Whiskers are also present on he
inner surface of the paw and measure 3-4 cm (1.2-1.6 in). Its eyes are large, with vertical pupils
and Yellowish-green irises. The eyelashes range from 5-6 cm (2.0-2.4 in) in length, and can
number eight per side. Sight and hearing are the wildcat's primary senses when hunting.

CHEETAH

Phylum- Chordata
Class-Mammalia
Order- Carnivora
Sub order- Feliformia
Genus-Acinonyx
Species- Jubatus
The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat of the subfamily Felinae. It inhabits a variety of
mostly arid habitats like dry forests, scrub forests, and savannahs. The species is IUCN Red
Listed as Vulnerable, as it ffered a substantial decline in its historic range in the 20th century due
to habitat loss, poaching for the illegal pet ade, and conflict with humans.
Physical Properties
Its yellowish tan or rufous to greyish white coat is uniformly covered with nearly 2,000 solid
black spots. Its body is slender with a all rounded head, black tear-like streaks on the face, deep
chest, long in legs and long spotted tail. It reaches 70-90 cm (28-35 in) at the shoulder, and
weighs 21-72 kg (46-159 lb).

Location of their living.

The cheetahs are very rarely seen, as they are shy creatures but studies and electronic media says
about their are presence in the jungles of koraput.
LEOPARD

Phylum- Chordata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Carnivora
Sub order- Feliformia
Genus- Panthera
Spacies- Pardus

The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera, a
member of the Felidae. It is listed as Vulnerable on e IUCN Red List because leopard
populations are threatened by habitat ess and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of
the global range. Leopards are hunted illegally, and their body parts are smuggled in the wildlife
de for medicinal practices and decoration.
Physical Properties

Compared to other wild cats, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large
skull. Its fur is arked with rosettes. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but has a smaller,
lighter physique, and its rosettes are nerally smaller, more densely packed and without central
spots. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers. The leopard is
distinguished by its well-camouflaged fur, opportunistic hunting behaviour, bad diet, strength,
and its ability to adapt to a variety of habitats ranging from rainforest to steppe, including arid
and ontane areas. It can run at speeds of up to 58 kilometres per hour (36 mph)

Location of their living.

The leopards are very rarely seen, as they are shy creatures but studies and electronic media says
about their rare presence in the jungles of koraput.