Teachers

Teachers are one of the most influential and powerful forces for equity, access and
quality in education and key to sustainable global development. However, their
training, recruitment, retention, status and working conditions remain preoccupying.

A teacher is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.

Informally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone. A teacher (also called a school
teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge,
competences or values.
Informally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to
perform a specific task). In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out
in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such
as a school or college. Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.
youth worker, pastor).
In most countries, formal teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.
This article focuse
s on those who are employed, as their main role, to teach others in a formal education context, such
as at a school or other place of initial formal education or training.
Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the
arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.
Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and
assessing pupil progress.
A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom
teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of
school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems,
teachers may have responsibility for student discipline.
It has been found that teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students
can create a positive learning experience. [9] These teachers do not teach by rote but attempt to find
new invigoration for the course materials on a daily basis.[10] One of the challenges facing teachers is
that they may have repeatedly covered a curriculum until they begin to feel bored with the subject,
and their attitude may in turn bore the students. Students who had enthusiastic teachers tend to rate
them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the [11]Colombiastudents.[17][18][19]
[20]
 Useful teacher-to-student interactions are crucial in linking academic success with personal
achievement.[21] Here, personal success is a student's internal goal of improving himself, whereas
academic success includes the goals he receives from his superior. A teacher must guide her
student in aligning her personal goals with her academic goals. Students who receive this positive
influence show stronger self-confidence and greater personal and academic success than those
without these teacher interactions.[20][22][23]
Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will
show more interest in courses taught by these teachers. [21][22] Teachers that spend more time
interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers.
Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor
into their classroom, and demonstrate a willingness to play. [
Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged,
interested, energetic, and curious about learning the subject matter. Recent research has found a
correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the
classroom.[12] Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students has
shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm, such as demonstrative gesturing, dramatic
movements which are varied, and emotional facial expressions, result in college students reporting
higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn.[13] But even while a teacher's enthusiasm has been
shown to improve motivation and increase task engagement, it does not necessarily improve
learning outcomes or memory for the material.[14]
There are various mechanisms by which teacher enthusiasm may facilitate higher levels of intrinsic
motivation.[15] Teacher enthusiasm may contribute to a classroom atmosphere of energy and
enthusiasm which feeds student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter.
[16]
 Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own
learning process. The concept of mere exposure indicates that the teacher's enthusiasm may
contribute to the student's expectations about intrinsic motivation in the context of learning. Also,
enthusiasm may act as a "motivational embellishment", increasing a student's interest by the variety,
novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher's presentation of the material. Finally, the concept of
emotional contagion, may also apply; students may become more intrinsically motivated by catching
onto the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher.[12] The functions of the teachers' colleges may
include setting out clear standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers,
investigating complaints involving members, conducting hearings into allegations of professional
misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and accrediting teacher education programs.
In many situations teachers in publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the
college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college members. In other areas
these roles may belong to the State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction,
the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions may
be responsible for some or all of these duties.
pARENT
In humans, a parent is the caretaker of a child (where "child" refers to offspring, not necessarily
age). ... The most common types of parents are mothers, fathers, step-parents, and
grandparents. A mother is, "a woman in relation to a child or children to whom she has given
birth."

MTB-MLE refers to “first-language-first” education that is, schooling which begins in

the mother tongue and transitions to additional languages particularly Filipino and
English. It is meant to address the high functional illiteracy of Filipinos where language
plays a significant factor. Mother tongue education refers to any form of schooling that makes use
of the language or languages that children are most familiar with. This is usually the language that
children speak at home with their family. The ‘mother tongue’ does not have to be the language spoken
by the mother. Children can and often speak more than one or even two languages at home. For
example, they may speak one language with their mother, another with their father and a third with their
grandparents.
Although there is overwhelming evidence that children learn best in and through their mother tongues,
millions of children around the world receive education in a different language. This is usually the
dominant language of the country they live in. In the case of former colonies, this may not be the
language spoken in the community at all, but the language of the former colonial power, for example
English, French, Arabic, Dutch and Spanish. Languages that children may hear for the first time when
they enter school.
Bilingual children
Children who speak a different language at home than the language in which they are taught at school
will by definition become bilingual or multilingual. The degree to which they become bilingual may vary
considerably however and depends on the goal of the school programme.
There are bilingual education programmes that aim at teaching children a second language at no
expense to their first language. In such programmes equal importance is given to learning in and through
both languages and children learn how to take full advantage of their multilingualism and biliteracy.
The majority of schools however offer education only in and through one language. Children who are not
fluent speakers of the school language may be offered some form of language support or no support at
all. The latter is also known as ‘sink or swim’. Children lose or leave behind their mother tongues and use
only the language of the school.
A third option, increasingly popular, are schools which offer bilingual education and which are aimed at
bilingualism, but not in any of the languages spoken by the child at home. For example a child who
speaks Somali at home and is enrolled in an English/Dutch bilingual programme.
Rutu’s Mission: Making Mother Tongue Education The Norm
The mission of the Rutu Foundation is to make mother tongue education the norm, rather than the
exception.
By this we do not mean that children should be offered education in their mother tongues only. We
believe that in today’s globalized world, all children benefit from a multilingual education which offers them
an opportunity to become fluent in their mother tongues as well as in the official language of the state,
and one or more foreign languages, allowing them to pursue higher education, to communicate easily in
more than one language, through different media and to contribute meaningfully to society.
Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that the best way to achieve this is by educating children in and
through their mother tongues, alongside a second and/or third language.
Ultimately, mother tongue education is about creating a level playing field, about creating equal
opportunities for all, regardless of economic status, ethnic background or geographic location.