ABSTRACT

The Heating Ventilation and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) system to adjust the
comfort level of both the room ambient temperature and air humidity for the
humans to feel comfort and live a luxurious life.

HVAC is a part of building services or facility management in which we use the

resources in an energy efficient way to get the comfort temperatures in peak
summer conditions.

It depends upon, how much heat is getting in a space to be AIR

CONDITIONED and then we calculate the capacity of AIR-CONDITIONED
machine.

HVAC is the technology to control indoor environmental comfort, based on the

principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.

The main purpose of HVAC system is to help maintain good indoor air quality
through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort.

We have different types of AIR-CONDITIONED methods like

. air cooled chiller

. water cooled chiller

. package ac

. VRF/ VRV

Chillers are used for residential apartments, malls, hyper malls, multi-speciality
hospitals, schools etc.
 INTODUCTION
HVAC ACRONYM
HVAC – HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONED

HEATING – THE TEMPERATURE OUT SIDE IS LESS THAN INSIDE

VENTILATION – SENDING THE AIR OUT FROM THE SPACE AND

SUPPLYING TH FRESH AIR INTO THE SPACE.

AIR-CONDITIONED – IT IS A PROCESS BY WHICH THE

TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY, FLOW AND PURITY OF THE AIR IS
CONTROLLED SIMLTANEOSULY TO GET THE REQURIED
CONDITIONS.
MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
CONDUCTION- THE HEART TRANSFER WHICH TAKE PLACE IF
THE TWO BODIES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ARE IN CONTACT
WITH EACH OTHER IS CALLED CONDUCTION. IT IS ALSO TRUE IF
ASUBSTANCE IS HEATED FROM END – HEAT TRANSFER TAKES
PLACE T THE OTHR END BY CONDUCTION.

CONVECTION – WHEN LIQUID OR GAS IS HEATED, EXPANSION

TAKES PLACE DUE TO THI BECOMES LIGHTER AND RISES UP ITS
PLACE IS TAKEN BY COLDER OR DENSE FLUID.THIS IS A
CONTINUOUS PROCESS THUS THE HEAT TRANSFER TAKES PLACE
DUE TO THESE CURRENT AND HEAT IS DISTRUBUTED THROUGH
THE MASS.

RADIATION – THE TRANSFER WHIH TAKES PLACE FROM ONE

BODY TO ANOTHER BODY WITHOUT AFFECTING THE MEDIUM
THROUGH WHICH HEAT TRAVELS IS CALLED RADIATION.
MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER FIGURE

TYPES OF HEAT
 SENIBLE HEAT -IT IS DEFINED AS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT

REQURIED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1KG OF

SUBSTANCE FROM 0DEGRE TO THE DESIRED TEMPERATURE

WITHOUT CHANGING ITS STATE.

 SENSIBLEHEAT IS THE HEAT EXCHANGED BY A

THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM THAT CHANGES THE

TEMPERATURE OF THE SYSTEM EITHOUT CHANGING SOME

VARIABLES SUCH AS VOLUME OR PRESSURE.

LATENT HEAT -SUBSTANCE VARIES FROM ITS SENSIBLE

HEAT AS IT DOES NOT CAUSE ANY TEMPERTURE VARIATION

WITH INBODY BUT CHANGES ITS STATE FROM SOLID TO

LIQUID OR LIQUID TO GAS.

UNIT OF REFRIGERATION-IT IS TERMED AS TON OF

REFRIGERATION. IT IS EQUAL TO THE AMOUNT OF HEAT

EXTRACTED TO ENABLE 1 TON OF ICE TO MELT IN 24 HOURS.

1 TR = 12000 BTU/HOUR (BRITISH THERMAL UNIT)

1 TR = 3.517KW (KILO WATTS)

1 TR = 400CFM (CUBIC FEET MINUTE)

Basic Refrigeration cycle

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF VCC CYCLE

1 COMPRESSOR

2 CONDENSER

3 EXPANSION VALVE

4 EVAPORATER
Compressor: An air compressor is a device that converts power (using an
electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in
pressurized air (i.e., compressed air)

Condenser: A condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from

its gaseous to it liquid state, by cooling it.in so doing, the latent heat is given by
the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant.

Expansion Valve: A thermal expansion valve (often abbreviated as TEV, TXV, or

TX valve) is a component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that
controls the amount of refrigerant flow into the evaporator thereby controlling
the superheating at the outlet of the evaporator.

Evaporator: An evaporator is a device used to turn liquid form of a chemical

into its gaseous form. The liquid is a evaporated, or vaporized into a gas.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE (VCC)
 IT IS A PROCESS OF REMOVING HEAT FROM ONE SUBSTANCE
AND TRANSFERMING IT TO ANOTHER SUBSTANCE

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF VCC CYCLE

1 COMPRESSOR

2 CONDENSER

3 EXPANSION VALVE

4 EVAPORATER
Compressor – are used to converting the saturated ( vapour at boiling point) into
superheated vapour ( vapour at a temperature above boiling) in compressor
increasing the pressure and temperature and decreasing the volume of fluid

Condenser – in the vapour compression cycle is to change the hot gas being
discharged from compressor to a liquid which can be used by the evaporator via
expansion valve.

A condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous

to it liquid state, by cooling it.in so doing, the latent heat is given by the
substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant

EXPANSION VALVE – DIVIDES THE CYCLE INTIO HIGH PRESSURE

SIDE AND LOW PRESSURE SIDE. THE EXPANSION VALVE REMOVES
PRESSURE FROM LIQUID REFIRGERATION TO ALLOW EXPANSION
OR CHANGE OF STATE FROM A LIQUID TO A VAPOUR IN THE
EVAPORATOR.

EVAPORATOR- WORKS THE OPPOSITE OF CONDENSER HERE THE

REFIRGERANT LIQUID IS CONVERTED GAS ABOSRBING HEAT
FROM THE AIR IN COMPARTMMENNTS TO BE CONDITONED.

WHEN THE LIQUI REFRIGERANT REACGHES THE EVAPORATOR ITS

PRESSURE HAS BEEN REDUCED DISSIPATING ITS HEAT CONTENT
AND MAKING IT MUCH COOLER THAN THE FAN AIR FLOWING
AROUND IT.
CLASSIFICATION OF HVAC SYSTEMS
 LOCAL COOLING COMFORT SYSTEM INCLUDES
1 WINDOWS AIR CONDITIOING
2 SPLIT AIR CONDITIOING
3 MULTI SPLIT AIR CONDITIOING
4 CHILLED WATER FAN COIL UNIT

 CENTRALISED AC SYSTEM INCLUDES

1 CHILLED AIR CONDITIOING OR ALL AIR SYSTEM

2 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OR HYDRONIC SYSTEM

WINDOWS AIR CONDITIOING

1 MOUNTED ON THE WALL OPEINING OR WINDOW

2 capacity of 0.75 tr to 4 tr
3 it pulls air blow over the evaporator for conditioning of air
4 the evaporator part is inside the space and condenser is out side.
 LINE DIAGRAM

DISADVANTGES

 MORE NOISE
 BIG HOLE IN WALL USING MORE WALL AREA
 AC IN INTERIOR ROOMS IS NOT POSSIBLE
 IMPROPER AIR CIRCULATION
SPLIT AC – VCC CYCLE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS

INDOOR UNIT – BLOWER , AIR FILTER, EVAPORATOR COIL,

CONTROLS &SENSORS

OUTDOOR UNIT – COMPRESSOR, CONDENSER COIL, FAN,

EXPANSION VALVE.

CAPACITY OF THE SPLIT AC IS 0.75 TR TO 8 TR

HOLES ONLY FOR PIPES

BETTER AIR DISTRIBUTION

NOISE PARTS FAR FROM OCCUPANTS

DISADVANTAGES

EFFICTIVE ONLY FOR COUPLE ROOMSS

IF ENTIRE BULIDING IS TO BE AIR CONDIIONED THIS SYSTEM

BECOMES IN EFFICIENT.
TYPES OF SPLIT AC

 DUCTED SPLIT AC
 NON- DUCTED SPLIT AC

DUCTED SPLIT AC

 OUTDOOR CAN BE MOUNTED ON ROOF WALL GROUND

 INDOOR IS KEPT EITHER INSIDE THE FALL CEILING OUTDOOR
THERE IS NO FALL CEILING MEANS OPEN DUCTING.
 REFRIERANTS COIL, PIPE SIZE, LENGTHS SHOULD BE
SELECTED FROM MANUFACTURING CATALOUGE.
 PIPE INSULATION – NITRILE RUBBER

OUTDOOR UNIT – ACCU (AIR COOLED CONDENSING UNIT)

INDOOR UNIIT – FCU (FAN COIL UNIT)

INDOOER UNIT CAN BE

 WALL MOUNTED (HI-WALL AC)
 FLOOR MOUNTED (TOWER AC)
 CEILING MOUNTED (CASSETE AC)