UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE - YUMBO

TECNOLOGÍA EN ELECTRÓNICA

FINAL PARTIAL- SECOND SEMESTER

Exam 1
NAME:________________________________________ DATE:_____________

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. VALUE: 1.0

Have you ever been to the beach? Did you see a

man with a headset pointing a long pole at the
ground? If so you might have seen a person using
a metal detector. People use these devices to find
metal.

Metal detectors make magnetic waves. These

waves go through the ground. The waves change
when they hit metal. Then the device beeps. This
lets the person with the device know that metal is
close.
The first metal detectors were meant to help
miners. They were big. They cost a lot of money.
They used a lot of power. And worst of all, they
didn't work well. People kept trying to make them
better.
Metal detectors got smaller. Now they are light and
cheap. They also work better. That is why people
bring them to the beach. They can look for rings in
the water. They can look for phones in the sand.
Metal detectors help them find these things. They
usually just find junk though.
Metal detectors also protect people. They help to
keep guns out of some places. They are in
airports. They are in courthouses. Some schools
use them. They help guards look for weapons.
Guards use special wands to find metal on a
person.
These devices save lives in other ways too. During
wars, people plant bombs in the ground. When the
war ends, they don't clean up their messes. This is
unsafe for the people who live in those places.
Others use metal detectors to find bombs. They
remove them and help the people.
These devices also make clothes safer. It sounds
funny, but it's true. Most clothes are made in big
factories. There are lots of needles in these
places. Needles break from time to time. They get
stuck in the clothes. They would poke people
trying them on. They don't though. That's because
our clothes are scanned for metal. Isn't that nice?
Let's hear it for metal detectors. They make the
world a safer place.

1. Which was not one of the problems with the first metal detectors?
a. They were too big. b. They were too expensive.
c. They didn't work well. d. They were unsafe.

2. Which best describes the main idea of the second paragraph?

a. It describes the sounds of a metal detector. b. It explains how metal detectors work.
c. It warns about the effects of metal detectors. d. It explains how magnetic waves move.

3. How do metal detectors make clothing safer?

a. Metal detectors make sure factory machines are working the right way.
b. Metal detectors make sure workers don't bring weapons into factories.
c. Metal detectors make sure that broken needles don't get into clothing.
d. Metal detectors help people recover lost clothing at the beach.

4. Why were metal detectors first used?

a. To help miners b. To help security guards
c. To help doctors d. To help soldiers

5. According to the text, metal detectors have been used in all of the following except which?
a. schools b. churches
c. courthouses d. airports
6. How do metal detectors help soldiers?
a. They warn soldiers when bullets are coming. b. They help soldiers find hidden bombs.
c. They find weaknesses in their armor. d. They create a relaxing beeping noise.

7. Why do people bring metal detectors to the beach?

a. Metal detectors help people keep the sand clean and safe.
b. Metal detectors look cool.
c. Metal detectors help people find valuable items.
d. Metal detectors help guards keep weapons away from the beach.

8. Which happens first?

a. The metal detector beeps alarmingly.
b. The magnetic waves hit metal and change.
c. The magnetic waves go through the ground.
d. The metal detector creates magnetic waves.

9. How did metal detectors get better over time?

a. They became cheaper. b. They became lighter.
c. They began working better d. All of these

10. Which title would best describe the purpose of this text?
a. A Day at the Beach: Using Your Metal Detector to Find Things
b. Metal Detectors: a Complete the Story of Their Invention
c. Magnetism and More: How a Metal Detector Works
d. Metal Detectors: What They Do and How We Use Them

2. Write about the text Value: 0.5

1. How do metal detectors make save lives? Explain your answer using the text.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. In your own words, explain how metal detectors make buying clothes a safer experience.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. FILL THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPIATE VERB VALUE: 1.0

left / have /discovered / turned on / make / moved / led experimenting / could / become /
The relationship between electricity and magnetism was ..........................accidentally by a danish
scientist, Hans Oersted, in 1819. He had ............................ a compass on a table where he was
........................... with an electric current. A compass is a navigation device with a magnetized needle
which points to the earthś north and south magnetic poles.
Oersted observed that the needle ...........................whenever the current was .................... , and
concluded that electric current possesed the property of magnetism. Oesrtedhad discovered the
phenomenon of electromagnetism, a discovery which has momentous consequences . It has
.................... to the development of many devices which ..................... use of electromagnetism,
incluiding electric motors, generators and transformers. Whitout these devices,
electricity .......................never ......................... ............................ a major source of power.
3. Match the words with the appropriate definition . Write the number in the blank VALUE: 1.0

A B
1. An object which has the property of .......... rectifier
attracting iron and certain oyher materials .
2. A device with blades moved by water or ........... Vacuum
steam . it turns the rotor in an electric
generator.
3. A device which changes alternating ........... transformer
current to direct current.
4. ..................... .......................... ................... ......... magnet
5. An electric wire twisted into a spiral .......... Conmutator
shape.
6. A space from which matter, including air, .......... turbine
has been removed .
7. A device for increasing or decreasing the ........... coil
voltage of alternating current.
8. A device used in electric motors to ............ led
reverse the flow of current

4. Read the text, look the symbols and fill the blanks with the appropriate word
VALUE: 1.0
Switch / Integrated circuits (IC) / battery cell / transistor / diode / Bipolar Junction Transistor
(BJT) / Transformer / “Opamp” / logic gates / inductor  / Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) /
standard diode / Light Emitting Diode (LED) / resistor / zener diode / Capacitors / potentiometer /

Electronic Schematic Symbols

July 1, 2012 by Øyvind Nydal Dahl 6 Comments

To be able to read schematics you must know the schematic symbols. Here is an overview of the most used
symbols in circuit diagrams.

A large and a small line is supposed to represent one ……………………….so that the image
below would suggest a two-cell battery of 3 V. But usually people just draw the battery symbol
with one or two cells no matter what voltage it is.

…….………………. are either polarized or not. The symbols that are used for the two are shown below. Both in
European and US style.

A polarized capacitor is marked with a “+” sign. It is important to distinguish between these two because the
polarized capacitor needs to be placed correctly according to the “+” sign.

………………………………. …………………………….
.

The schematic symbol of the ……………………….. are drawn in two different ways. The american style is
drawn as a zigzag resistor while the european style is drawn as a rectangular resistor.

………………………………………. …………………………...........
The variable resistor or …………………………is drawn in several different ways. The symbol is often drawn as
a resistor with an arrow across it or pointing down on it as the one below.

The …………………….. family has several different symbols because there are several different types of
diodes. Below is a…………………………….., a …………………………………..and a ………………………….

…………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….

6. READ THE TEXT ANSD SELECT THE BEST ANSWER FOR THE EACH QUESTION.

The hardest language

People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are
many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people
learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when
learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of
Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first
language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and
our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language
to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of
Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who
already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of
languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances
in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If
people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying
a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese,
which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most
problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object,
genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes
British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However,
Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to
learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of
Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the
grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with
languages that the British find relatively easy.
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning
a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more
difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult
language in the world.
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"3408671335"; google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 60; //-->
Questions:
Q1 - The question of how hard a language is to learn is relevant to both first and second language acquisition.
True________ False_______

Q2 - Portuguese is definitely easier than Chinese.

True________ False_______

Q3 - A Japanese speaker may well find the Chinese writing system easier than a speaker of a European
language.
True________ False_______

Q4 - The Hungarian alphabet causes problems for British speakers.

True________ False_______

Q5 - Hungarian is the hardest language in the world.

True________ False_______

Q6 - Hungarian has as many cases as Tabassaran.

True________ False_______
 UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE - YUMBO
TECNOLOGÍA EN ELECTRÓNICA

FINAL PARTIAL- SECOND SEMESTER

Exam 2
NAME:________________________________________ DATE:_____________

3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. VALUE: 1.2

Have you ever been to the beach? Did you see a

man with a headset pointing a long pole at the
ground? If so you might have seen a person using
a metal detector. People use these devices to find
metal.

Metal detectors make magnetic waves. These

waves go through the ground. The waves change
when they hit metal. Then the device beeps. This
lets the person with the device know that metal is
close.
The first metal detectors were meant to help
miners. They were big. They cost a lot of money.
They used a lot of power. And worst of all, they
didn't work well. People kept trying to make them
better.
Metal detectors got smaller. Now they are light and
cheap. They also work better. That is why people
bring them to the beach. They can look for rings in
the water. They can look for phones in the sand.
Metal detectors help them find these things. They
usually just find junk though.
Metal detectors also protect people. They help to
keep guns out of some places. They are in
airports. They are in courthouses. Some schools
use them. They help guards look for weapons.
Guards use special wands to find metal on a
person.
These devices save lives in other ways too. During
wars, people plant bombs in the ground. When the
war ends, they don't clean up their messes. This is
unsafe for the people who live in those places.
Others use metal detectors to find bombs. They
remove them and help the people.
These devices also make clothes safer. It sounds
funny, but it's true. Most clothes are made in big
factories. There are lots of needles in these
places. Needles break from time to time. They get
stuck in the clothes. They would poke people
trying them on. They don't though. That's because
our clothes are scanned for metal. Isn't that nice?
Let's hear it for metal detectors. They make the
world a safer place.
http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/reading-comprehension-
worksheets/nonfiction-reading-test-metal-detectors-
answers.htm

1. Which was not one of the problems with the first metal detectors?
a. They were too big. b. They were too expensive.
c. They didn't work well. d. They were unsafe.

2. Which best describes the main idea of the second paragraph?

a. It describes the sounds of a metal detector. b. It explains how metal detectors work.
c. It warns about the effects of metal detectors. d. It explains how magnetic waves move.

3. How do metal detectors make clothing safer?

a. Metal detectors make sure factory machines are working the right way.
b. Metal detectors make sure workers don't bring weapons into factories.
c. Metal detectors make sure that broken needles don't get into clothing.
d. Metal detectors help people recover lost clothing at the beach.

4. Why were metal detectors first used?

a. To help miners b. To help security guards
c. To help doctors d. To help soldiers

5. According to the text, metal detectors have been used in all of the following except which?
a. schools b. churches
c. courthouses d. airports
6. How do metal detectors help soldiers?
a. They warn soldiers when bullets are coming. b. They help soldiers find hidden bombs.
c. They find weaknesses in their armor. d. They create a relaxing beeping noise.

7. Why do people bring metal detectors to the beach?

a. Metal detectors help people keep the sand clean and safe.
b. Metal detectors look cool.
c. Metal detectors help people find valuable items.
d. Metal detectors help guards keep weapons away from the beach.

8. Which happens first?

a. The metal detector beeps alarmingly.
b. The magnetic waves hit metal and change.
c. The magnetic waves go through the ground.
d. The metal detector creates magnetic waves.

9. How did metal detectors get better over time?

a. They became cheaper. b. They became lighter.
c. They began working better d. All of these

10. Which title would best describe the purpose of this text?
a. A Day at the Beach: Using Your Metal Detector to Find Things
b. Metal Detectors: a Complete the Story of Their Invention
c. Magnetism and More: How a Metal Detector Works
d. Metal Detectors: What They Do and How We Use Them

2.Write about the text Value: 0.5

1. How do metal detectors make save lives? Explain your answer using the text.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. In your own words, explain how metal detectors make buying clothes a safer experience.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3.. FILL THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPIATE VERB VALUE: 1.0

left / have /discovered / turned on / make / moved / led experimenting / could / become /
The relationship between electricity and magnetism was ..........................accidentally by a danish
scientist, Hans Oersted, in 1819. He had ............................ a compass on a table where he was
........................... with an electric current. A compass is a navigation device with a magnetized needle
which points to the earthś north and south magnetic poles.
Oersted observed that the needle ...........................whenever the current was .................... , and
concluded that electric current possesed the property of magnetism. Oesrtedhad discovered the
phenomenon of electromagnetism, a discovery which has momentous consequences . It has
.................... to the development of many devices which ..................... use of electromagnetism,
incluiding electric motors, generators and transformers. Whitout these devices,
electricity .......................never ......................... ............................ a major source of power.
4. Match the words with the appropriate definition . Write the number in the blank VALUE: 1.0

A B
Electronic components Functions
1.Variable Capacitor …........ Breaks a circuit
2. Diode …....... Measures very small currents

3.Resistor …........Rectifies alternating current

4.Ampmeter ….......Varies capacitance in a circuit

5.Switch …........Adds resistance to a circuit

4. Read the text, look the symbols and fill the blanks with the appropriate word
VALUE: 1.8

Switch / Integrated circuits (IC) / battery cell / transistor / diode / Bipolar Junction Transistor
(BJT) / Transformer / “Opamp” / logic gates / inductor  / Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) /
standard diode / Light Emitting Diode (LED) / resistor / zener diode / Capacitors / potentiometer /

Electronic Schematic Symbols

July 1, 2012 by Øyvind Nydal Dahl 6 Comments

To be able to read schematics you must know the schematic symbols. Here is an overview of the most used
symbols in circuit diagrams.

The most common ……………….. types are the ……………………………….and the

…………………………………... The schematic symbols for these two types are shown below.

…………………………
……………………………..

The ……………………. symbol looks like a coiled wire as this is what an inductor essentially is.

………………………..are usually shown as rectangular boxes with pin names. Below, an example of the 555
timer IC is shown.

Here are the schematic representation of the 6 ……….………….

The ……………….is represented as a triangle with two inputs and one output. In some cases, the power
supply pins are also added. Below, a version without power supply pins are shown.
A ………………………….can be represented in numerous ways in electronic schematics. Below is one
example.

The symbol of the ………………………..looks like two inductors with something in between them.

( Text taken from: http://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/schematic-symbols/ )

6. READ THE TEXT ANSD SELECT THE BEST ANSWER FOR THE EACH QUESTION.

The hardest language

People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are
many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people
learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when
learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of
Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first
language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and
our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language
to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of
Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who
already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of
languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances
in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If
people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying
a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese,
which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most
problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object,
genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes
British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However,
Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to
learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of
Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the
grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with
languages that the British find relatively easy.
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning
a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more
difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult
language in the world.
Taken from: <!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9175689426939339"; /* ComprehensionArticleMiddle468x60 */ google_ad_slot =
"3408671335"; google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 60; //-->
Questions:
Q1 - The question of how hard a language is to learn is relevant to both first and second language acquisition.
True________ False_______

Q2 - Portuguese is definitely easier than Chinese.

True________ False_______

Q3 - A Japanese speaker may well find the Chinese writing system easier than a speaker of a European
language.
True________ False_______

Q4 - The Hungarian alphabet causes problems for British speakers.

True________ False_______

Q5 - Hungarian is the hardest language in the world.

True________ False_______

Q6 - Hungarian has as many cases as Tabassaran.

True________ False_______
Electronic Schematic Symbols

July 1, 2012 by Øyvind Nydal Dahl 6 Comments

To be able to read schematics you must know the schematic symbols. Here is an overview of the most used
symbols in circuit diagrams.

A large and a small line is supposed to represent one battery cell so that the image below would suggest a
two-cell battery of 3 V. But usually people just draw the battery symbol with one or two cells no matter what
voltage it is.

Capacitors are either polarized or not. The symbols that are used for the two are shown below. Both in
European and US style.

A polarized capacitor is marked with a “+” sign. It is important to distinguish between these two because the
polarized capacitor needs to be placed correctly according to the “+” sign.

Standard capacitor (EU style) Polarized capacitor (EU style)

The schematic symbol of the resistor are drawn in two different ways. The american style resistor is drawn as a
zigzag resistor while the european style resistor is drawn as a rectangular resistor.

Even though I’m from Europe, I like to draw the zigzag version. I think it is easier to draw and looks better.

European style resistor

American style resistor

The variable resistor or potentiometer is drawn in several different ways. The symbol is often drawn as a
resistor with an arrow across it or pointing down on it as the one below.

The diode family has several different symbols because there are several different types of diodes. Below is a
standard diode, a zener diode and a Light Emitting Diode (LED).

Standard diode Zener diode

The most common transistor types are the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) and the Field Effect Transistor
(FET). The schematic symbols for these two types are shown below.

Bipolar Junction Transistor (NPN)

Field Effect Transistor

The inductor symbol looks like a coiled wire as this is what an inductor essentially is.

Integrated circuits (IC) are usually shown as rectangular boxes with pin names. Below, an example of the 555
timer IC is shown.

Here are the schematic representation of the 6 logic gates.

The operational amplifier or “Opamp” is represented as a triangle with two inputs and one output. In some
cases, the power supply pins are also added. Below, a version without power supply pins are shown.

Operational amplifier

A switch can be represented in numerous ways in electronic schematics. Below is one example.

The symbol of the transformer looks like two inductors with something in between them.

( Text taken from: http://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/schematic-symbols/ )