Reading and Writing Skills

Module 5 & 6
Prepared by: MS. MANZYEL JOY G. DE LILLA
Student: ________________________________ Strand & Section: ______________
Subject Teacher: ___________________________

GOOD DAY OUR DEAR STUDENTS!

Good day our dear students!
Welcome to Reading and Writing Skills: Module 5 & 6 for Grade 11!
This module was created and designed for you to learn and for you to be provided with fun and meaningful
activities which will enhance your skills in independent learning.
Please be reminded of the important activities to be accomplished upon the use of this module:
1. Please do the OPENING PRAYER before proceeding to the entire lessons and activities given for the day.
Please take a moment of silence and proceed to the opening prayer.
Opening Prayer
Heavenly Father, who by the light of the Holy Spirit, did instruct the hearts of the faithful, grant that by the same
spirit that we may be truly wise and ever enjoy His consolation. All of these we pray in Jesus name. Amen.
2. Please use and answer your module with love, eagerness and care.
3. All the instructions are clearly written on your module. Please read them carefully and make sure to follow
them faithfully.
4. Please read and understand the intended lesson for the day.
5. Please observe honesty and integrity in accomplishing the tasks given.
6. Please practice to have a motivating mood, patience and perseverance in understanding and
accomplishing the self – learning module.
7. You have to finish the tasks at hand before proceeding to the next. Make sure no activities will be neglected.
8. Please be reminded that all the activities and lessons on the module must be finished on the given time
frame.
9. After finishing the module, make sure to submit this on the given schedule.
10. Once all the lesson and activities were accomplished, please do not forget to do the CLOSING PRAYER.
Please take another moment of silence and proceed to the closing prayer.
If you encounter problems or difficulties in answering this module, please do not hesitate to address your
concerns to the responsible teacher. The contact number of the teacher and the consultation hours are
provided in this module. Please bear in mind that you have someone that will guide and will help you in finishing
your module.
It is with a positive mind that this material will really help you to have meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the most essential learning competencies intended for this subject. We hope that you will be
fully equipped with the necessary knowledge that will enhance you into a wholesome human being.
TOGETHER EVERYONE ACHIEVES MORE!
Enjoy your module! Thank you and God bless!

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SELF-LEARNING MODULE
Grade: 11 Semester: Second Semester
Core Subject Title: Reading and Writing Skills No. of Hours/Semester: 80 hours
MODULE 5
Topic/ Lesson Name PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING: CLASSIFICATION AND
EXEMPLIFICATION
Content Standards The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to
achieve a particular purpose.
Performance Standards The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on
information selection, organization, and development.
Most Essential Learning Distinguishes between and among the patterns of development in writing across
Competencies disciplines.
References (Books and Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr. 2020, Patterns of Development in Writing: Narration First Edition,
other learning portals or Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City.
websites) Filomena T. Dayagbil, Ed.D., Ethel L. Abao, Ed.D., Remedios C. Bacus, Ed.D. 2016.
Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorima Publishing
Inc.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Upon the completion of this module, you will be able:

 To define classification and exemplification as a pattern of paragraph development.

 To sort information to create order in writing.
 To identify the types of exemplification used in sentences.
 To apply classification in paragraph development.
 To write an essay using classification and exemplification as a primary mode of paragraph development.

RECAP:
We have learned that a paragraph or an essay can be developed in many different ways. Topic and support
sentences, unity and coherence are among the characteristics in paragraph development. There are different patterns of
development in writing that you can use that often depend on its purpose. By knowing various patterns, you can have more
ways of expressing yourself and more tools to construct interesting prose.
MODULE CONTENT:
A. CLASSIFICATION
Words often have different meanings based on their use. When beginning to write, it is helpful to determine the
patterns of development that are most effective for your purpose and audience. Look at the picture below. How are the
books classified?

One pattern in paragraph development is using classification. Its purpose is to create an air of systematization
and order in writing. Classification entails categorization which enables one to group together items according to their
similarities. This pattern allows you to either divide a topic into its component parts, or to categorize (or classify) a group of
related items or events. When dividing, you begin with one central topic and break that down into multiple parts.
Classification works in the other direction, putting things together based on shared qualities or characteristics.
Here are the examples:
1. During the pandemic, frontliners like health workers, policemen, soldiers, volunteers and those people who serve the
public are considered to be heroes.
2. Joining in a choir, helping in an elderly nursing home, teaching street children and out-of-school youths, cleaning trash
and planting trees are types of community services.
To wrap everything up that we have talked about in this lesson, let us always remember that: Classification entails
categorization which enables one to group together items according to their similarities. This pattern allows you to either
divide a topic into its component parts, or to categorize (or classify) a group of related items or events.

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B. EXEMPLIFICATION
Read the paragraph below then identify the examples given and the type of example used.
Vitamins and minerals can be added to enrich (replace nutrients lost in processing) or fortify (add nutrients not
normally present) foods to improve their nutritional quality. Breads and cereals are usually enriched with some B vitamins
and iron. Common examples of fortification include the addition of vitamin D to milk, vitamin A to margarine, vitamin C to
fruit drinks, calcium to orange juice, and iodine to table salt. --P. Insel and W. Roth, Core Concepts in Health.

Exemplification means giving examples. It is simply proving or supporting your point or thesis with examples.

Features of Exemplification
The structure of essays usually begins with a topic sentence or main idea, and then use more vivid examples to
prove the point to be true. Effective examples should enhance your writing, giving your essay vitality and intensity.

Types of Examples

1. Examples that illustrate - use concrete examples to illustrate an idea. In the above paragraph, bread and cereals
are concrete examples of food enriched with B-vitamins and iron whereas addition of vitamin D to milk, vitamin A to
margarine, vitamin C to fruit drinks, calcium to orange juice, and iodine to table salt are concrete examples of
fortification.

2. Examples that explain - give an explanation to illustrate a concept. A Filipino girl can cook daily meals. The reason
she cooks daily meals for her husband and children because she thinks she is supposed to do so. Even though most
women in Philippines are very well educated, professional in career, they still cook daily meals for their family and
children. Here, “The reason she cooks daily meals for her husband…is an explanation to illustrate the concept about
a Filipino girl.

3. Examples that tell a story - use a short story to illustrate a point. When a person visits a friend's house, the host
greets him or her with a very warm welcome. The host will immediately let their visitor sit down and will prepare a
meal or a snack plus drinks for the visitor. The host will insist that the friend not leave the house with an empty
stomach. A host will always make sure you had a great time visiting them.

4. Examples that describe - use examples to make help the reader visualize a scene or a thing. Example: Men are
so sweet and romantic when it comes to love. They will send their beloved flowers, bring her to a very romantic
place, text her sweet quotes, and tell often how special she is to them.

MODULE 6
Topic/ Lesson Name
Content Standards
Performance Standards
Most Essential Learning
Competencies
References (Books and
other learning portals or
websites)
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to
achieve a particular purpose.
The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on
information selection, organization, and development.
Distinguishes between and among the patterns of development in writing across
disciplines.
Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr. 2020, Patterns of Development in Writing: Narration First Edition,
Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City.
Filomena T. Dayagbil, Ed.D., Ethel L. Abao, Ed.D., Remedios C. Bacus, Ed.D. 2016.
Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorima Publishing
Inc.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Upon the completion of this module, you will be able:
 To determine the purpose and structure of comparison and contrast in writing.
 To explain organizational methods used when comparing and contrasting.
 To understand how to write a compare-and-contrast essay.

RECAP:
We have learned that there are different patterns of development that will help you as a writer to both develop and
organize information in your essay. Some of these are narration, description, definition, exemplification and classification.
Other than those is comparison and contrast.

MODULE CONTENT:

Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are
different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both.

The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way.
The purpose of conducting the comparison or contrast is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle differences
or unexpected similarities.

If you wanted to focus on contrasting two subjects you would not pick apples and oranges; rather, you might choose
to compare and contrast two types of oranges or two types of apples to highlight subtle differences.

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 Example: Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic.

Drawing distinctions between elements in a similar category will increase the audience’s understanding of that
category, which is the purpose of the compare-and-contrast essay.

Similarly, to focus on comparison, choose two subjects that seem at first to be unrelated. For a comparison essay,
you likely would not choose two apples or two oranges because they share so many of the same properties already. Rather,
you might try to compare how apples and oranges are quite similar.

The more divergent the two subjects initially seem, the more interesting a comparison essay will be.

The Structure of a Comparison and Contrast Essay

The compare-and-contrast essay starts with a thesis that clearly states the two subjects that are to be compared,
contrasted, or both and the reason for doing so. The thesis could lean more toward comparing, contrasting, or both.
Remember, the point of comparing and contrasting is to provide useful knowledge to the reader. Take the following thesis
as an example that leans more toward contrasting.

Thesis statement: Organic vegetables may cost more than those that are conventionally grown, but when put to the test,
they are definitely worth every extra money.

Here, the thesis sets up the two subjects to be compared and contrasted—organic and conventionally grown
vegetables, and it makes a claim about the results that might prove useful to the reader. You may organize compare-and-
contrast essays in one of the following ways:

1. According to the subjects themselves, discussing one then the other

2. According to individual points, discussing each subject in relation to each point.

1. Organized by Subject

(1) Thesis (Organic vegetables may cost more

than those that are conventionally grown, but
when put to the test, they are definitely worth
every extra money.)

(2) Subject 1: Organic Vegetables Point 1: Chemical/pesticides

Point 2: Nutrition
Point 3: Taste

(3) Subject 2: Conventional vegetables Point 1: Chemical/pesticides

Point 2: Nutrition
Point 3: Taste

(4) Conclusion

2. Organization by Point
(1) Thesis (Organic vegetables may cost
more than those that are conventionally
grown, but when put to the test, they are
definitely worth every extra money.)

(2) Point 1: Chemical/Pesticide Subject 1: Organic

Subject 2: Conventional

(3) Point 2: Nutrition Subject 1: Organic

Subject 2: Conventional
(4) Point 3: Taste Subject 1: Organic
Subject 2: Conventional
(5) Conclusion

The organizational structure you choose depends on the nature of the topic, your purpose, and your audience.
Given that compare-and-contrast essays analyze the relationship between two subjects, it is helpful to have some
phrases on hand that will cue the reader to such analysis.

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 COMPARISON CONTRAST

one similarity one difference

another similarity another difference

both conversely

like in contrast

likewise unlike

similarly while

in a similar fashion whereas

Closing Prayer
We give you thanks Almighty Father through your son Jesus Christ for all the benefits you have given us to you
who live and reign forever and ever. Amen.

Well done! So, you have successfully completed the activities and tasks for the modules 5 & 6. It is
expected that you have gained insights and meaningful experiences. What a great achievement!
Again, CONGRATULATIONS AND GOD BLESS!
Consultation
Name of Teacher Contact No. Consultation Day Consultation Hours
Ms. Manzyel Joy G. De Lilla 0949-103-8786 Monday to Friday 1:00 PM -5:00 PM

“Your EDUCATION is your LIFE, Guard it well”

Proverbs 4:13b

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