THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING A.

ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
I think ones feelings waste themselves in words; they ought all to be distilled into actions which bring results. utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (1860/1969), that i t involves the nurse's appropriatefor the gradual restoration of the patient's health, and that external factors associated with the patient's surroundings affect life or biologic and physiologic processes, and his development factors present in the patients environment: pur e or fr e s h a ir pure water s u f fi c i e n t f o o d s u p p l i e s efficie nt dra ina ge c lea n l iness l ight ( es pecially dir ect s unlight) Adequate ventilation has also been regarded as a factor contributing to changes of the patients process of illness recovery. Any deficiency in one or more of these factors could lead to impaired functioning of life processes or diminished health status. She also emphasized in her environmental theory is the provision of aquie t ornoise-free and warm environment, attending to patients dietary needs by assessment, documentation of time of food intake, and evaluating its effects on the patient. Nightingale believed that the environment was the major component creating illness in a patient; she regarded disease as the reactions of kindly nature against the conditions in which we have placed ourselves. Her theory Contains three major relationships:

environment to patient nurse to environment nurse to patient

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing

Betty Neuman System Model in Nursing Practice

Health is a condition in which all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole of the client. Life Story

Betty Neuman was born in 1924 on a farm near Lowell, Ohio. Her father was a farmer and her mother was a home maker. She grew up in the rural Ohio where she developed love for the land and her compassion for people in need. 1947, Neumans initial nursing education was completed with double honors at People's Hospital School of Nursing (now General Hospital) in Akron, Ohio. She then moved to Los Angeles to live with relatives in California, she worked in variety of nursing roles that include hospital staff and head nurse, school nurse, and industrial nurse. She was also involved in clinical teaching in University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles in the areas of medical surgical, communicable disease and critical care.

She had always been interested in human behavior. She attended the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with a double major in Public Health and Psychology. She completed her Baccalaureate Degree with Honors in Nursing in 1957. A very supportive and loving wife who helped established and managed her husband's medical practice. 1966, she received her Master's Degree in Mental Health, Public Health Consultation from UCLA. 1985, She- received a Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology from Pacific Western University in 1985.

Neuman and Donna Aquilina were the first two nurses to develop the nurse counselor role within Los Angeles based community crisis centers.

She developed her first explicit teaching and practice model for mental health consultation m the late 1960s before the creation of her systems model. Neuman was a pioneer of nursing involvement in mental health. She developed taught, and refined a community mental health program for postmasters level nurses at UCLA.